Studying temperature and salinity stresses in the model brown alga Ectocarpus sp. by QTL mapping (original) (raw)
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Seven ancient seeds, about 1600 years old, were found during an archaeological excavation in Asar Island which is located in south-western Turkey. These seeds were subjected to germination, in vitro callus induction and molecular characterization experiments to test the viability and plant origin of the seeds. Six of the seven seeds had viable seed components (such as cotyledons) and produced callus tissue in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 mg l 21 6-benzylamino purine (BAP), 0.2 mg l 21 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 20 g l 21 sucrose, 2 mg l 21 glycine and 7 g l 21 agar, but the calli from these seeds failed to yield adventitious shoots. DNA samples from callus tissues produced by ancient seeds in vitro were of good quality. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in nuclear DNA (nDNA) of ancient seeds was amplified successfully. The sequences from amplified ITS DNA products of six ancient seeds indicated that their ITS sequences matched those of Anagyris foetida after subjecting them to BLAST searches in international sequence databases (NCBI). A. foetida is a relict species endemic to the Mediterranean region and used as a herbal medicine. We believe that seed characteristics such as the very hard, extremely smooth and shiny testa, toxic anagyrine alkaloid content and their storage in a pot further improved the longevity of these ancient seeds.
Fellows of the American Society of Agronomy
Agronomy Journal, 2013
He continues as a member of the Soil ant1 Crop Sciences Department staff and Graduate Faculty at Tecas A&M teaching a course in microtechnique and supervising graduate students in grass cytogenetics. 1)r. Bashaw's principal research interest has been grass cytoger etics with emphasis on the genetics, and evolutionary significince of apomixis. He and his graduate students have demonstrated the genetic control of apomixis, the successful manipulation of apomixis in a breeding program, and interspecific transfer of genes for method of reproduction. He developed and released the first artificially produced apomictic crop variety. He is the author or co-author of more than 50 scientific and teclinical papers. He has directed the programs of numerous graduate students in basic cytological and genetic studies and his former students are now making significant contributions to rescarch in cytogenetics and plant breeding. Dr. Bashaw has been an active member of the society for 16 years. He and his graduate students have frequently presented paFers before Division C-1 and the Southern branch meetings. He is a member of Gamma Sigma Delta, Alpha Zeta, Sigmi Xi and AAAS, is listed in World Who's Who in Science, and has reccived the U.S.D.A. Certificate for Outstanding Performance. He is active in the Southern Pasture and Forage Crops Improvement Conference, the Western Crass Breeders Work Planning Conference, and has contributed to regional technical committes concerned with forage crops research.
Thirty-nine genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collected from different regions in Egypt and two commercial varieties were used in this study, to estimate the tolerance indices and to establish the drought tolerance in 41 genotypes. Significant genotypes mean squares were detected for all studied traits, except number of spikes per m 2 and grain per spike under water stress. Using stress susceptibility index (SSI), genotypes 4, 6, 1, 31, 19, and 24 were classified as highly drought tolerant. According to stress tolerance index (STI), twelve genotypes were the top performer under stressed conditions. Twenty-nine genotypes showed lowest STI values (< 0.10) which implies that these genotypes were highly susceptible to drought. The greater values of yield stability index (YSI) were observed in genotypes 8,39,17,22,28,12,26 and 37. Based on sensitivity drought index (SDI) the six genotypes 4,6,1,31,19 and 24 revealed the highest values and were identified as tolerant under stress conditions. According to drought index (DI). Grain yield under stressed conditions (YS) was significantly and positively correlated with STI and DI. Yield in non-stress condition (YP) was significantly and positively correlated with YS, SSI, STI, SDI, and DI and negatively correlated with YSI. The total variation expressed between the two components was 99.70%. The variable that has the highest PCA1 value and the lowest PC2 was found excellent in screening genotypes under stress and non-stress conditions. Also, genotypes 17 and 37 are the most tolerant genotypes under water stress.
Newsletter, 2015
Seed Info aims to stimulate information exchange and regular communication among seed staff in the Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) region and beyond. Its purpose is to help strengthen national seed programs and thus improve the supply of high-quality seed to farmers. The WANA Seed Network provides information on activities relating to global and/or regional cooperation and collaboration to facilitate the development of a vibrant regional seed industry. In this issue of Seed Info, we report on the regional seed courses organized by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and the activities of the FAO sub- Regional Office for Central Asia’s (FAO-SEC’s) project, Seed sector development in countries of the ECO. The FAO-Turkey Partnership Program (FTPP) and Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) jointly funded this project. The FAO-SEC project seeks to foster regional seed sector development of ECO member countries by developing a harmonized regulatory framework and regional seed policy. We also report on a regional seed policy workshop held 5–7 January 2015 in Istanbul, Turkey, and the Turkish Seed Trade and Fairs of 7–9 January 2015, organized by the Turkish Seed Association. In the NEWS AND VIEWS section, Niels Louwaars from the Dutch Seed Association, Plantum, presents an article entitled Plant breeding: open borders for private investments. The article highlights the important role of plant breeding in variety development and progress of the national seed industry. Crop improvement requires both genetic resources and knowledge to serve farmers with better varieties. These two determining factors are in the hands of both public sector and private sector breeders. Policy makers in some countries want to stimulate national plant breeding by putting severe limitations on foreign nationals investing in plant breeding, but this restricts the sharing of good varieties. Plant breeders know that such political views are not optimal for providing farmers with good varieties and seeds. It urges countries to have an open door policy for private sector plant breeding. This may ensure the flow of germplasm and facilitate farmers’ access to the latest technologies. It will also encourage the private sector and spur investment. Other news in this section comes from regional and/or international organizations, such as the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), ICARDA, and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). The section on SEED PROGRAMS includes news from Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Iraq, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan. There are also reports on the release of chickpea and lentil varieties by the Agricultural Research Institute of Afghanistan (ARIA) from the productive partnerships with ICARDA. It is expected that seed of these new high yielding and (a)biotic stress tolerant varieties will soon become available to farming communities at large. They will help to increase agricultural production and productivity and ensure food and nutritional security in the country. From Ethiopia, we report on the initiative addressing the value chain of durum wheat by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) and ICARDA. This USAID-funded seed project established another milestone by bringing together value chain actors to revive durum wheat production and connect farmers with markets in the fight against wheat rusts. The RESEARCH section of Seed Info captures information on adaptive research or issues relevant to developing seed programs in the CWANA region and beyond. This issue features an article entitled ‘Farmers’ knowledge and use of malt barley varieties and seed quality perceptions in southeastern Ethiopia’ by Karta Kaske, Astawus Esatu, and Abebe Atilaw, from the Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute. The paper discusses farmer’s knowledge and use of malt barley varieties in southeastern Ethiopia. The study identified seed shortage as a major problem and recommended promotion of new varieties to boost malt barley production in the region. Seed Info encourages the exchange of information between the national, regional, and global seed industries.
Stability of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) genotypes for terminal heat and water stress
Legume Research - An International Journal, 2015
Thirty genotypes of fenugreek (<italic>Trigonella foenum-graecum</italic> L.) were evaluated over four environments in randomized block design with 3 replications to estimate stability parameters of seed yield and its important component traits. The environments were created by changing the dates of sowing and irrigation levels. The genotypes interacted with the environments significantly indicating non linear response of genotypes to environments. Simple correlations between seed yield and other traits indicated that pods per plant and the test weight are the two important component traits. Stability analysis indicated difference in stability among the genotype for seed yield and the component traits. A positive correlation was noted between the regression coefficient and the mean seed yield of the genotypes, thus hypothesizing that higher yielding genotypes were better suited to better environments. The results of AMMI analysis corroborated with the results obtained fr...
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2011
Enhancing the knowledge on the genetic basis of germination and heterotrophic growth at extreme temperatures is of major importance for improving crop establishment. A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was carried out at sub-and supra-optimal temperatures at these early stages in the model Legume Medicago truncatula. On the basis of an ecophysiological model framework, two populations of recombinant inbred lines were chosen for the contrasting behaviours of parental lines: LR5 at suboptimal temperatures (5 or 10°C) and LR4 at a supraoptimal temperature (20°C). Seed masses were measured in all lines. For LR5, germination rates and hypocotyl growth were measured by hand, whereas for LR4, imbibition and germination rates as well as early embryonic axis growth were measured using an automated image capture and analysis device. QTLs were found for all traits. The phenotyping framework we defined for measuring variables, distinguished stages and enabled identification of distinct QTLs for seed mass (chromosomes 1, 5, 7 and 8), imbibition (chromosome 4), germination (chromosomes 3, 5, 7 and 8) and heterotrophic growth (chromosomes 1, 2, 3 and 8). The three QTL identified for hypocotyl length at suboptimal temperature explained the largest part of the phenotypic variation (60% together). One digenic interaction was found for hypocotyl width at sub-optimal temperature and the loci involved were linked to additive QTLs for hypocotyl elongation at low temperature. Together with working on a model plant, this approach facilitated the identification of genes specific to each stage that could provide reliable markers for assisting selection and improving crop establishment. With this aim in view, an initial set of putative candidate genes was identified in the light of the role of abscissic acid/gibberellin balance in regulating germination at high temperatures (e.g. ABI4, ABI5), the molecular cascade in response to cold stress (e.g. CBF1, ICE1) and hypotheses on changes in cell elongation (e.g. GASA1, AtEXPA11) with changes in temperatures based on studies at the whole plant scale.