WATER QUALITY MODELING OF ZIMAR STREAM WITH CONSIDERATIONS OF CURRENT AND FUTURE SOLUTIONS (original) (raw)
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Modelling of Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Zimar Stream under different Scenarios
Zimar stream has become since the 1950's a sewage drain. e stream extends over 27 km from the west of Nablus City to Tulkarem City northwest of West Bank. ere are lost opportunities for streams' water bene cial use, and nature conservation principals have been severely violated for the Zimar watershed, in addition to public health and biodiversity threats. is paper was prepared to predict the water quality of the Zimar's stream under current and proposed future conditions, and under di erent scenarios. Dissolved Oxygen was taken as the main quality parameter, and depending on steady state solutions of Streeter-Phelp's equation. QUAL2Kw model was used to predict the behavior of the stream. Water samples were collected, and eld measurements were conducted for eight di erent critical locations along the stream, and during the wet and dry seasons of 2011-2012. Several scenarios were simulated, taking in consideration the in uences of the under-construction wastewater treatment plant in the western area of Nablus city, proposing additional wastewater treatment plant at Anabta village, and proposing constructing of three arti cial weirs. It was found that the stream has signi cant self-puri cation capacity as the dissolved oxygen concentration doubled from Nablus city to Anabta village; midway to Tulkarem. e Biological oxygen demand between those two points decreased to values up to 11% from the original value. is paper supports proposed solutions of the stream to improve its water quality, and enhance aesthetic views in the catchment.
Zimar stream has become since the 1950's a sewage drain. e stream extends over 27 km from the west of Nablus City to Tulkarem City northwest of West Bank. ere are lost opportunities for streams' water bene cial use, and nature conservation principals have been severely violated for the Zimar watershed, in addition to public health and biodiversity threats. is paper was prepared to predict the water quality of the Zimar's stream under current and proposed future conditions, and under di erent scenarios. Dissolved Oxygen was taken as the main quality parameter, and depending on steady state solutions of Streeter-Phelp's equation. QUAL2Kw model was used to predict the behavior of the stream. Water samples were collected, and eld measurements were conducted for eight di erent critical locations along the stream, and during the wet and dry seasons of 2011-2012. Several scenarios were simulated, taking in consideration the in uences of the under-construction wastewater treatment plant in the western area of Nablus city, proposing additional wastewater treatment plant at Anabta village, and proposing constructing of three arti cial weirs. It was found that the stream has signi cant self-puri cation capacity as the dissolved oxygen concentration doubled from Nablus city to Anabta village; midway to Tulkarem. e Biological oxygen demand between those two points decreased to values up to 11% from the original value. is paper supports proposed solutions of the stream to improve its water quality, and enhance aesthetic views in the catchment.
Zimar stream has become since the 1950's a sewage drain. stream extends over 27 km from the west of Nablus City to Tulkarem City northwest of West Bank. are lost opportunities for streams' water bene use, and nature conservation principals have been severely violated for the Zimar watershed, in addition to public health and biodiversity threats. paper was prepared to predict the water quality of the Zimar's stream under current and proposed future conditions, and under di scenarios. Dissolved Oxygen was taken as the main quality parameter, and depending on steady state solutions of Streeter-Phelp's equation. QUAL2Kw model was used to predict the behavior of the stream. Water samples were collected, and measurements were conducted for eight di critical locations along the stream, and during the wet and dry seasons of 2011–2012. Several scenarios were simulated, taking in consideration the in of the under-construction wastewater treatment plant in the western area of N...
Research note: modeling of the water quality of Büyüksu Stream, Bolu, Turkey
Water Environment Research, 2009
The QUAL2E model was applied to the Büyüksu Stream, Bolu, Turkey, to predict the effect of conventional and industrial pollutant sources on stream quality. The model parameters were conditioned using data from eight sampling stations on a 24-km stretch of the stream during a steady-state period between May 2003 and June 2004. The higher biochemical oxygen demand (.50 mg/L) and lower dissolved oxygen concentrations measured (,4.0 mg/L), with their expected values, indicated that the water quality of the Büyüksu Stream was threatened by industrial and domestic pollution. The oxygen-sag curves obtained by the model calculations proved that discharges of the Bolu City wastewater and woodprocessing plant effluent were the two primary pollutant sources affecting the stream. Results suggested that the conditioned model can be used as a tool to show the effects of pollutant sources on the Büyüksu Stream and to assess improvements expected by reducing the contribution of pollutant sources. Water Environ. Res., 81, 325 (2009).
Water Resources Directorate Palestinian Water Authority
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Zimar stream has become since the 1950's a sewage drain. e stream extends over 27 km from the west of Nablus City to Tulkarem City northwest of West Bank. ere are lost opportunities for streams' water bene cial use, and nature conservation principals have been severely violated for the Zimar watershed, in addition to public health and biodiversity threats. is paper was prepared to predict the water quality of the Zimar's stream under current and proposed future conditions, and under di erent scenarios. Dissolved Oxygen was taken as the main quality parameter, and depending on steady state solutions of Streeter-Phelp's equation. QUAL2Kw model was used to predict the behavior of the stream. Water samples were collected, and eld measurements were conducted for eight di erent critical locations along the stream, and during the wet and dry seasons of 2011-2012. Several scenarios were simulated, taking in consideration the in uences of the under-construction wastewater treatment plant in the western area of Nablus city, proposing additional wastewater treatment plant at Anabta village, and proposing constructing of three arti cial weirs. It was found that the stream has signi cant self-puri cation capacity as the dissolved oxygen concentration doubled from Nablus city to Anabta village; midway to Tulkarem. e Biological oxygen demand between those two points decreased to values up to 11% from the original value. is paper supports proposed solutions of the stream to improve its water quality, and enhance aesthetic views in the catchment.
The Mathematical Modeling of Self-Purification of the Zarjoob River for Justification of Emission
The main goal of this research is Rasht Zarjoob River's self-purification study for discovering river's water quality reaching to water quality standards. For reaching this goal after extensive studies, a map with 1:25000 scales was prepared by identifying all the contaminants of river water, water taking places and quality & hydrometery stations along river. Then some samples were taken from urban, industrial and agricultural resources considering EPA standard where possible. According to these standards and different authorities' recommendations the least waster-existing time of river was chosen for taking samples. As well for enhancing modeling accuracy and exact calibration, sample taking identifying factors were done three times at the end of August half of August and middle of September. Finally, September middle data was selected for modeling. With association of anzali-envirnoment research station, NO 3 , BOD, DO and temperature factors were measured along the river. At the time of sample taking, rivers hydrogeometery factors were recognized at 6 stations and then this river calibrated with MIKE 11. For improving the quality of Zarjoob River water to water quality standards (in this paper Pouryadgar quality standard was used) three scenario were defined. At first scenario (depletion standard), BOD and DO parameters went over water quality standards. After studying of this method and implementation of first scenario, the second scenario by the name of urban sewage system was analyzed in which DO and BOD parameters still were higher than water quality standards. At the end, third scenario by the name of waste load allocation was defined for this river in which all the BOD, DO and NO 3 parameters were in the standard ranges. Ultimately, with comparison of scenario and considering their advantages and disadvantages it was concluded that waste load allocation scenario is an appropriate method for improving the quality of Zarjoob River quality by considering river reaction through this method and as well considering the easiness of this method application without any need to long time and extra expenses.
Modeling Water Quality in Rivers: A Case Study of Beylerderesi River in Turkey
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River pollution is a major environmental problem that has negative consequences for humans and wildlife alike. To prevent its consequences, the sources and severity of pollution must be determined by monitoring water quality in river basins, followed by the measures necessary to control the contamination. Models and computer simulation of water quality are important tools for predicting adverse effects of pollution along a stream, and they can help guide practical investments in stream health. In water quality models, parameters that are determined through optimization rather than through trial and error are required to ensure the reliability of the model. In this study, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) approach was used to model Beylerderesi stream as a dynamic model, and the kinetic parameters were determined through optimization. For the optimization step, the Sequential Quadratic Programming method was used. The model predictions indicated good agreement with experimental data. The Mean Absolute Percentage error values for dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand were calculated as 0.95 % and 1.39 %, respectively. Statistical analysis showed differences between river and effluent samples for all parameters measured.
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