Ageing changes in the bovine kidney (original) (raw)
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A proposed new classification for the renal collecting system of cattle
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2010
Objective-To evaluate the intrarenal anatomy of kidneys obtained from cattle and to propose a new classification for the renal collecting system of cattle. Sample Population-37 kidneys from 20 adult male mixed-breed cattle. Procedures-Intrarenal anatomy was evaluated by the use of 3-D endocasts made of the kidneys. The number of renal lobes and minor renal calyces in each kidney and each renal region (cranial pole, caudal pole, and hilus) was quantified. Results-The renal pelvis was evident in all casts and was classified into 2 types (nondilated [28/37 {75.7%}] or dilated [9/37 {24.3%}]). All casts had a major renal calyx associated with the cranial pole and the caudal pole. The number of minor renal calices per kidney ranged from 13 to 64 (mean, 22.7). There was a significant correlation between the number of renal lobes and the number of minor renal calices for the entire kidney, the cranial pole region, and the hilus region; however, there was not a similar significant correlation for the caudal pole region. Major and minor renal calices were extremely narrow, compared with major and minor renal calices in pigs and humans. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The renal collecting system of cattle, with a renal pelvis and 2 major renal calices connected to several minor renal calices by an infundibulum, differed substantially from the renal collecting system of pigs and humans. From a morphological standpoint, the kidneys of cattle were not suitable for use as a model in endourologic research and training. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1264-1269
Abattoir study of the prevalence of renal lesions in slaughtered cattle
International Journal of Veterinary …, 2010
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and type of renal lesions in cattle that were slaughtered at the Ghaem (Shahriar) and Ziaran (Ghazvin) abattoirs. A total number of 405 clinically normal cattle were randomly selected and renal samples were taken for histopathological study. The cattle were divided into two groups according to sex, and female groups were divided into two age groups (heifer and cow). Thirty-five (8.6%) out of the studied animals had renal lesions including interstitial nephritis, cysts, glomerolonephritis, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), pyelonephritis, amyloidosis, leukosis hydronephrosis and unilateral renal aplasia. Interstitial nephritis was the most common observed lesion (85.7%). The prevalence of renal lesions in female and male cattle were 8.5% and 9.4%, respectively, which was not a statistically significant difference. The prevalence of renal lesions in cows and heifers were 10% and 2.8%, respectively (p<0.05). It is concluded that age is more important influence factor on renal lesion than sex.
Kidney Pathology in Non-obstructive Urolithiasis in Cattle
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A, 2004
The objectives of the present study were to investigate the gross and histopathological findings in non-obstructive urolithiasis. Pathological examinations were carried out on 102 cattle kidneys with non-obstructive urolithiasis. The common gross lesions were cyst formations in the kidney lobes, hyperaemia and haemorrhage. The weight of the stones differed from 0.02 to 237.44 g and the colour changed brown to white. The calculi had different shapes. At histopathological examination of the kidneys slight to severe mononuclear cell infiltrations were commonly observed. Haemorrhage and connective tissue proliferations were also seen. Neutrophil leucocyte infiltrations caused by pyelonephritis were observed in some cases and multiple stone formations were found in these cases. Widening of the Bowman's space was a common histopathological finding especially when the stones were big or the inflammatory reaction was severe. Calcium deposits and eosinophylic material were found in the medullary tubules and pelvis renalis lumens in some kidneys. Giant cell formations around the stone reactions were rarely observed. Hyperplasia of the pelvis renalis and tubulus epithelium was another finding which occurred seldom. Whereas sand-like material accumulation seen in urinary bladders in some cases, no obstruction was observed in the urinary canal in this study.
Comparative pathological Studies on Kidneys affections in slaughtered farm animals
Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 2019
The aim of this study was to detect the comparative pathological affections in kidneys of cattle and sheep. A total number of 192 kidney samples showing different pathological lesions were collected from El-basatin abattoir in Cairo-Egypt; 69 samples were collected from cattle and 123 samples were collected from sheep, respectively. Microscopically, the highest incidence of occurrence of renal interstitial nephritis was found to be 17.39% in cattle and 28.45% in sheep, followed by glomerulonephritis 21.73% in cattle and 25.20% in sheep; circulatory disturbances were 15.94% in cattle and 16.3% in sheep; suppurative nephritis were 11.59% in cattle and 13.00% in sheep; amyloidosis was 7.24% in cattle while in sheep was 13.20%;. Meanwhile, neoplasms were detected in 3.25% cases collected from sheep. Moreover, parasite, stones, polycystic kidney, hydronephrosis and acute necrotic nephritis were observed in few cases of cattle as 2.89%, 7.24%, 2.89%, 8.69% and 4.34% respectively. Detailed...
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2007
A n 18-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was referred to the large animal hospital at the University of Wisconsin for evaluation of weight loss and ventral edema of approximately 1 month's duration. The horse reportedly had a decreased appetite and had been perceived as slightly depressed by the owner during this time. The horse had been in the current owner's possession for over 10 years and, during that time, had been used regularly as a pleasure horse. The horse had no known history of any infectious or musculoskeletal diseases and was annually vaccinated against Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan encephalomyelitis; West Nile virus; influenza; and Equine herpes virus 1 and 4, tetanus, and, every 3rd year, against rabies. The horse did not regularly receive any medications except rotational dewormers during the grazing season.
Histological studies on the kidney of Marwari Sheep (Ovis aries)
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018
The microscopic studies of kidneys of 6 Marwari sheep showed that the thick fibrous capsule consisted of two layers. The outer layer of dense collagenous fibres with a few elastic fibres. Fibroblast and some smooth muscle cell were also present in outer layer. The inner layer consisted predominantly of reticular fibres with collagenous fibres and had a distinct thick smooth muscle layer. Interstitial tissue contained network reticular fibres which extended from the capsule to the apex of papilla. The juxtaglomerular structure and basement membranes were P.A.S. positive. The papillary duct lined with simple columnar epithelium which become transitional before opening into the papilla.
Bacteriological and Pathological Investigations on Ovine Renal Diseases
2015
The present study was carried out on 450 (male and female) sheep at Tiaret abattoir, (Algeria). Seventy (70) urinary samples were taken directly from bladder by sterile syringe after slaughter for the bacteriological study. Urine samples were incubated for isolation of bacteria on blood agar and MacConkey. Kidney samples were taken for histopathological study in order to determine the prevalence and type of renal lesions. Bacteriological examination of urine revealed that 23 (32.8%) of urine samples show positive resultsin bacterial isolation including13 (56.5%) Escherichia coli, 7(30.4%) Staphylococcus aureus and 3(13.1%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pathological study revealed different lesions and the most common were interstitial nephritis 39(8.6%) and glomerulonephritis 28(6.2%). In conclusion, kidney lesions found in the present study, are down hematogenous origin nephritis while isolated germs are commensal organisms that can be found usually in the lower tract urinary tract.
Proteinuria as an indicator of early renal disease in bull terriers with hereditary nephritis
Journal of Small Animal Practice, 1991
A group of non-azotaemic bull terriers from families with hereditary nephritis had significant subclinical renal disease. Of the renal function tests carried out, proteinuria, almost exclusively albumin, was a reliable and early indicator of glomerular abnormality. While 24-hour urinary protein excretion (24 UPE) in the bull terriers was significantly higher than in a group of normal dogs of other breeds, urinary protein excretion ( W E ) was also significantly higher when measured by simple single sample tests such as the urinary protein to urinary creatinine ratio (UP/C). UPE in bull terriers was correlated with increasing age, in contrast to lack of correlation in the normal dogs. The degree of proteinuria in affected bull terriers from which renal biopsies were taken correlated with the severity of histopathological changes which mainly affected glomeruli. Light microscopic examination revealed segmentally thickened glomerular and tubular basement membranes, thickened Bowman's capsules and adhesions between glomerular capillaries and Bowman's capsules. Other renal function tests were performed but failed to detect subclinical disease. It is suggested that hereditary nephritis (HN) in bull terriers is similar to that seen in samoyeds, dobermann pinschers and humans.
EvaIuation of kidney abnormalities in cows using transrectal ultrasonography and urinalysis
For this study, 100 Holstein crossbreed cows aged between 4 to 8 years, admitted to Antakya Slaughterhouse, were used. After clinical examination, urine samples were collected by catheterization from urinary bladder for urine analyses using reagent dipsticks and microscopy. In ultrasonography; abnormal appearances were observed in 18 cows, including smail kidney with echogenicity in two, a hydronephrosis in one, renal ca1culi İn two, alteration of the corticomedullary architecture in one, dilated renal pelvis and irregularly shaped kidneys with echogenic cortex in four, patchy hyperechoic cortex and poor demarcalion between cortex and medulla in five, and renomegaly in three. Urinalyses revealed the presence of leukocyte, erythrocyte, phosphate and/or siliceous crystals in the 18 cows. Therefore, it is concluded that both transrectal ultrasonography and urine analysis appears to be adequate for diagnosis of renal diseases.
A Histomorphological study was conducted on the kidney of 25 fetuses of the African zebu cattle (Bos taurus) collected from the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, over a period of one month at different gestational ages. The approximate age of the fetuses was estimated from the crown vertebral rump length (CVRL) and samples were categorised into first, second and third trimester. Out of the twenty five (25) fetuses at different gestational age used for the study, 12 (48%) were females while 13 (527%) were males. 10(40%) fetuses belong to first trimester, 10(40%) belong to second trimester and 5(20%) belong to third trimesters of pregnancy respectively. The mean crown vertebrate-rump length (CVRL) ranged from 14.60 ± 2.0 cm at first trimester to 100.50 ± 3.0 cm at third trimester. Histological observation shows that the kidney appeared to have two zones via cortex and medulla right from first to third trimester. The development of renal tissues were found to be in succession, from the stage of mesenchyme cells, developing glomerulus and finally to fully developed glomerulus with advancement of gestational age among the three groups. The duct system also followed the same trend of development from immature to matured duct system. The cortex of the first trimester kidney was found to have numerous mesenchymal cells and connective tissues with few developing glomerulus. At second trimester few fully developed glomerulus were found, moderate number of mesenchyme cells and immature developing duct system. Numerous developed glomerulus and matured duct system with moderate developing glomerulus and connective tissue were seen at third trimester. The medulla at first trimester shows only various types of connective tissue (collagen, reticular and elastic) fibers and mesenchyme cells. At second trimester the medulla was found to have numerous developing collecting ducts, few developed collecting ducts and few mesenchyme cells. Developed collecting ducts were predominant in the medulla at third trimester with few mesenchyme cells. The histological differentiation of the Bovine kidney is similar to that of ovine, caprine, equine, Llama, and guanaco but differs from that of the feline, canine and porcine. Mean while, considering the histological features observed in the study, the Bovine kidney may become fully matured and functional at post-natal age.