Antioxidant activity of Juglans regia L., Juglandaceae pericarp originated from Sumadija region (original) (raw)
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011
Antioxidant activities of methanol extract of walnut green husks (Juglans regia L.) from 11 regions of Iran with the different geographical and climatic conditions were measured. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of extracts were also evaluated. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, nitric oxide scavenging and reducing power ability. Antioxidant activity has been compared with BHA, quercetin and vitamin C. All extracts were weaker than standards. The Chogholondi sample was found to have the better antioxidant activities in scavenging DPPH radicals however; Chino sample has better nitric oxide scavenging activity than others. The good correlation coefficient was existed between the phenolic and flavonoid contents with collection altitudes. Total phenolic contents were ranged from 15.15 to 108.11 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1 of extract and the flavonoid contents varied from 3.59 to 22.91 mg quercetin equivalents g-1 of extract. Among all extracts analyzed, Abali sample exhibited a significantly higher phenolic and flavonoid content than samples (p < 0.05).
Molecules
As a valuable tree nut, walnut is a well-known member of the Juglandaceae family. The fruit is made up of an outer green shell cover or husk, the middle shell which must be cracked to release the kernel, a thin layer known as skin or the seed coat, and finally, the kernel or meat. The nutritional importance of walnut fruit is ascribed to its kernel. The shell and husk are burned as fuel or discarded away as waste products. In the past two decades, the evaluation of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different parts of walnut has received great interest. In this contribution, the recent reports on the extraction and quantification of phenolic content from each part of the walnut tree and fruit using different solvents were highlighted and comparatively reviewed. The current review paper also tries to describe the antioxidant content of phenolic extracts obtained from different parts of the walnut tree and fruit. Additionally, the antioxidant and antiradical activities o...
Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenolic Profile of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Green Husks and Liqueurs
Contemporary Agriculture, 2020
The beneficial effects of walnuts and walnut products on human health, due primarily to their rich polyphenolic content, have been appreciated as an empirical fact for centuries. The purpose of this study is to determine the polyphenolic contents of liqueurs made from the walnut selections 'Rasna' and 'Sava' and the walnut cultivar 'Šampion' (all harvested at three different times), as well as the polyphenolic contents of their green husks. The walnut liqueurs were prepared according to two traditional recipes using young walnut fruits. The highest antioxidant capacity was recorded in the liqueur made from the 'Rasna' walnut selection (89.94%), whereas the highest contents of phenols (83.28 mg GAE/g FW), flavonoids (0.83 mg QE/g FW) and proanthocyanidins were found in the liqueur made from the 'Šampion' cultivar (14.75 mg CE/g FW). The youngest 'Rasna' walnuts, harvested at the first experimental time point, exhibited the highest phenolic and tannin contents, whereas the highest flavonoid content was observed in the 'Šampion' cultivar. The biochemical results obtained indicate a decrease in the polyphenolic content of walnut fruits with their growth and development. Moreover, the polyphenolic profiles of the walnut liqueurs considered were found to be greatly affected by the method of preparation and the cultivar/selection of walnuts.
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2007
Different cultivars of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves (Cv. Lara, Franquette, Mayette, Marbot, Mellanaise and Parisienne) grown in Portugal, were investigated in what concerns phenolic compounds and antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Phenolics analysis was performed by reversed-phase HPLC/DAD and 10 compounds were identified and quantified: 3-and 5-caffeoylquinic acids, 3-and 4-pcoumaroylquinic acids, p-coumaric acid, quercetin 3-galactoside, quercetin 3-pentoside derivative, quercetin 3-arabinoside, quercetin 3-xyloside and quercetin 3-rhamnoside. The antimicrobial capacity was screened against Gram positive (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and fungi (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans). Walnut leaves selectively inhibited the growth of Gram positive bacteria, being B. cereus the most susceptible one (MIC 0.1 mg/mL). Gram negative bacteria and fungi were resistant to the extracts at 100 mg/mL. Lara walnut leaves were also submitted to antibacterial assays using 18 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus sp. Antioxidant activity was accessed by the reducing power assay, the scavenging effect on DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and b-carotene linoleate model system. In a general way, all of the studied walnut leaves cultivars presented high antioxidant activity (EC 50 values lower than 1 mg/mL), being Cv. Lara the most effective one.
Walnut (Juglans regia) leaf extracts are strong scavengers of pro-oxidant reactive species
Food Chemistry, 2008
The growing interest in the substitution of synthetic food antioxidants by natural ones has fostered research on vegetable sources and on the screening of raw materials, for identifying new antioxidants. In the present study, an ethanol:water (4:6) extract from Juglans regia leaves was evaluated for its putative in vitro scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [hydroxyl radical (HO Å), superoxide radical ðO ÅÀ 2 Þ, peroxyl radical (ROO Å) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2)] and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide (Å NO) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO À)]. The extract presented a potent scavenging activity against all the reactive species tested, all the IC 50 s being found at the lg/mL level. IC 50 s (mean ± SE) for the ROS O ÅÀ 2 and H 2 O 2 were 47.6 ± 4.6, 383 ± 17 lg/mL, respectively. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value obtained for ROO Å was 2.17 ± 0.22 lmol Trolox equivalents/mg extract. The IC 50 s for Å NO and ONOO À were 1.95 ± 0.29 and 1.66 ± 0.10 lg/mL, respectively. The content of total phenolics was 270 ± 3 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of lyophilised extract. These results showed that J. regia leaf extracts can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants.
Study of antioxidant potential in leaves, stems, nuts of Juglans regia L.
Natural antioxidants can protect the human body from free radicals and retard the progress of many chronic diseases as well as lipid oxidative rancidity in foods. The role of antioxidants has protected effect against free radical damage that may cause many diseases including cancer. Primary sources of naturally occurring antioxidants are known as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Several studies suggest that regular consumption of nuts, mostly walnuts, may have beneficial effects against oxidative stress mediated diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. The role of antioxidants has attracted much interest with respect to their protective effect against free radical damage that may cause many diseases including cancer. Juglans regia L. (walnut) contains antioxidant compounds, which are thought to contribute to their biological properties. Polyphenols, flavonoids and flavonols concentrations and antioxidant activity of Leaves, Stems and Nuts extract of Juglans regia L. as evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, Nitric acid, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation and total oxidation activity were determined. The antioxidant activities of Leaves, Stems and Nuts extract of Juglans regia L. were concentration dependent in different experimental models and it was observed that free radicals were scavenged by the test compounds in all the models.
Bioactive properties and chemical composition of six walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008
The chemical composition, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity were studied in six walnuts (Juglans regia L.) cultivars (cv. Franquette, Lara, Marbot, Mayette, Mellanaise and Parisienne) produced in Portugal. Concerning their chemical composition the main constituent of fruits was fat ranging from 78.83% to 82.14%, being the nutritional value around 720 kcal per 100 g of fruits. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid reaching the maximum value of 60.30% (cv. Lara) followed by oleic, linolenic and palmitic acids. The aqueous extracts of walnut cultivars were investigated by the reducing power assay, the scavenging effect on DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and b-carotene linoleate model system. All the walnut extracts exhibited antioxidant capacity in a concentration-dependent manner being the lowest EC 50 values obtained with extracts of cv. Parisienne. Their antimicrobial capacity was also checked against gram positive (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and fungi (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans), revealing activity against the different tested microorganisms.
Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, 2022
Present research study was carried out with four walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes viz. KG (Kulgam), CS (Char-e-Sharief), KW (Kupwara) and TM (Tangmarg) from major walnut producing areas of Kashmir valley. The aim of the study was the selection of superior genotypes having better quality nuts and kernels with higher antioxidant potential, for its exploitation at farm and consumer level. Nut and kernel external quality traits were recorded. The results revealed that the nut weight ranged between 11.70 to 14.51g; nut diameter between 9.60 to 14.27mm; nut length between 17.40 to 20.51mm. The maximum variability was observed in nut weight, kernel weight, kernel recovery, nut length and nut diameter. The fat content accounted for more than 60% of walnut kernel weight and ranged between 49.83 to 83.76%. The antioxidant potential, proximate and mineral composition, total phenolic content, flavonoids, as well as, flavonols, were all evaluated. Mineral content; zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) magnesium (Mg) were determined. The Total Phenolic Content varied between 19.8 to 50.19mgGAE/g while the total flavonoid and flavonols ranged from 188.5 to 815.08mgQE/100mg and 3.46 to 7.77mgQE/g respectively. The walnut extracts (0.5mg/mL) showed 82.60 to 97.19% DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity. This study demonstrates that owing to maximum nut and kernel weight, as well as, nut recovery, better free radical scavenging properties and higher phenolic profile of KW (Kupwara) extract, this genotype seems to serve as a potential and promising one for production of walnut on large scale to avoid non uniformity.
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008
The total phenols content and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were studied in walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husks aqueous extracts of five different cultivars (Franquette, Mayette, Marbot, Mellanaise and Parisienne). Total phenols content was determined by colorimetric assay and their amount ranged from 32.61 mg/g of GAE (cv. Mellanaise) to 74.08 mg/g of GAE t (cv. Franquette). The antioxidant capacity of aqueous extracts was assessed through reducing power assay, scavenging effects on DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and b-carotene linoleate model system. A concentration-dependent antioxidative capacity was verified in reducing power and DPPH assays, with EC 50 values lower than 1 mg/ mL for all the tested extracts. The antimicrobial capacity was screened against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, and fungi. All the extracts inhibited the growth of Gram positive bacteria, being Staphylococcus aureus the most susceptible one with MIC of 0.1 mg/mL for all the extracts. The results obtained indicate that walnut green husks may become important in the obtainment of a noticeable source of compounds with health protective potential and antimicrobial activity.
International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine, 2017
This work has focused on phytochemical screening of the Common Walnut Juglans regia L. leaves, and biological tests: antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the aqueous extracts (infusion, crude) of the common walnuts leaves that we've picked, dried and preserved. An ethnobotanical survey in Blida region has been achieved, where it has been concluded that the inhabitants of this region use the common walnuts leaves in their daily care, and the various organs of the Common walnut are widely used as well. The phytochemical screening based on specific tests helped to highlight the presence of the main secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, free quinones, anthocyanins and saponins, which could be responsible for the biological properties. The antimicrobial study was conducted on bacterial strains and a yeast showed that both aqueous (infusion, crude) extracts have antibacterial effect against certain bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (40.43 mm), Staphylococcus epidermidis (35.36 mm), Sarcina lutea (31, 17 mm), respectively, and an inhibitory effect only for the crude aqueous extract of Eschirichia coli (12 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12 mm), for against these two extracts were proved to be inactive for Candida albicans. In addition, the study of antioxidant activity by the method of reduction of iron (FRAP) and the method of reduction of free radical (DPPH) has revealed an average rate of aqueous extract (infusion) compared with that of ascorbic acid and rutin respectively. With an EC50 of the aqueous extract and rutin which equal to 0.18 and 0.017 mg/ml respectively. According to these results we confirm some information obtained during the ethnobotanical survey and that Juglans regia L. is endowed with an antimicrobial and antioxidant power.