Heavy metal content in the African giant snail Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Achatinidae) in southern Nigeria (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2016
Archachatina marginata, a mollusk, is highly prized as food in Africa and Asia, and is a vector of parasites and defoliators. Heavy metal pollution of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has long been recognized as a serious environmental problem. The environments where the snails thrive are highly contaminated with heavy metals through various anthropogenic activities. Levels of heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Co) in A. marginata (parasite infected and uninfected) and its parasites were assessed from three communities (Ugbogui, Ugo and Okogbo) in Edo State to check the pollution status. Samples of snail were collected, cracked and parasites were isolated from the samples using standard methods. The isolated parasites and the snail samples were analyzed for heavy metals using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS). The parasite isolated from the infected snail was identified as nematode (Rhabditis axei). The mean concentration of Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Co ranged 38.61 – 70.49mg/kg, 9.09 – 16.58mg/kg, 5.09 – 8.90mg/kg, 4.10 – 7.48mg/kg, 0.39 – 0.71mg/kg, 0.19 – 0.35mg/kg and 0.04 – 0.07mg/kg respectively in infected snail; 14.94 – 28.45mg/kg, 3.26 – 5.96mg/kg, 2.85 -4.79mg/kg, 1.47 – 2.69mg/kg, 0.14 – 0.26mg/kg, 0.07 – 0.13mg/kg and 0.03 – 0.05mg/kg respectively in uninfected snail tissues; 11.34 – 27.61mg/kg, 1.17 – 1.92mg/kg, 1.73 – 4.89mg/kg, 0.51 – 0.87mg/kg, 0.05 – 0.08mg/kg, 0.03 – 0.04mg/kg and 0.04 – 0.05mg/kg respectively in parasite. The result from this study showed that the accumulation of heavy metals was parasites <Uninfected snail tissues<Infected snail tissues. The levels of the heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Co) in the samples of A. marginata collected from Ugbogui, Ugo and Okogbo communities exceeded the maximum permissible limits and consumption of these contaminated snails could pose potential health risks to humans. It is therefore necessary to continuously monitor heavy metal content in snails to check the pollution status and the possible health risk associated with consumption.
OALib, 2016
Trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb and Se) in African giant land snails from selected Local Government Areas (LGA) in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) technique. Results showed that the mean levels of Cr (399 ± 195 mg/kg) and Se (51.6 ± 31.3 mg/kg) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the maximum recommended limits of 1.0 mg/kg and 3.5 mg/kg for Cr and Se, respectively. As, Cd and Pb levels were beyond the detection limit in the snail samples obtained from Essien Udim, Ikot Ekpene and Etim Ekpo LGA. Similarly, Hg level was beyond the detection limit in all samples investigated. The general pattern of trace metals levels was in the order: Cr > Se > Pb > Cd > As > Hg. The results showed that As and Hg fell within their permissible safe levels; but Cd, Cr, Pb and Se were significantly above safe levels for human consumption. The high concentration of trace metals in the snail samples may be related to anthropogenic activities taking place in the areas studied.
The study investigates some selected trace metals bioaccumulation index and risk assessment in African giant land snail (Archachatina margenata) around University of Nigeria sewage dumpsite. Soil samples were collected at 30 cm depth with the aid of soil auger and snail samples were collected from the University of Nigeria sewage dumpsite and Etana snail farms served as control. The soil samples were collected at random and their physicochemical properties such as pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic matter, total carbon and exchangeable cations (i.e., K + , Mg 2+ and Na + ) were analyzed using a standard method. The heavy metals in soils and vegetables, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, and Pb were analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS). The risk assessment from the consumption of snails in the study area was calculated using standard methods and formulae. The result showed a significantly different (p<0.05) in soil physicochemical properties between soil from the sewage dumpsite and Etana farm soil, except K + which is not significant. The soil trace metal revealed that the mean concentrations of most of the trace metals were significantly (p < 0.05) higher at the sewage site compared to the control soil samples from the Etana snail farm. The concentration of trace metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, and Pb) in snails from sewage dumpsite soil were 5.22, 3.85, 5.25, 3.42, 3.40, 3.60 and 2.88 mg/kg, while snails from Etana snail were 0.26, 0.33, 0.91, 0.28, 1.87, 0.06 and 0.11 mg/kg respectively. The concentration of trace metal in snail from sewage site were all greater than the maximum permissible limit of 0.5 (As), 2.0 (Cd), 0.3 (Cr), 0.04 (Cu), 3.60 (Hg) and 2.88 mg/kg (Pb) for snail given by FAO/WHO limits. The BAF of Cr, Cu, Hg, and Pb were greater than one (>1) in the test samples which indicates that snails are enriched with the trace metal from the soil (Bioaccumulators) while the control was all less than one. The result of DIM and HQ shows that sewage site snails have higher values of trace metals compared to the control farm. The Hazard Index (HI) shows that there is no harmful effect since the values obtained were below >1. But continuous consumption can accumulate in the food chain. This study showed that snails around the vicinity of sewage dumpsites were highly polluted with trace metals which can pose health risks.
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology , 2023
It is important to always monitor the bioaccumulation potential for heavy metals by organisms especially the edible ones, to assess their potential risk to human health. This study evaluated the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the shell and soft tissues of snails. Forty snails each were purchased from Ikire and Ore towns. The snails' shells, feet, digestive tracts and glands were analysed for bioaccumulation of heavy metals using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals varied with the location and species of the snail. Archachatina marginata from Ore accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals than A. marginata from Ikire. The concentration of Pb in Achatina achatina and A. marginata from Ikire, and Cd in A. marginata from Ore are slightly above the FAO/WHO permissible limits. Foot bioaccumulated more heavy metals in A. achatina while the digestive gland bioaccumulated more heavy metals in A. marginata. The study concluded that the shell and soft tissues of A. achatina at Ikire and A. marginata at Ikire and Ore bioaccumulated some levels of toxic heavy metals. A. achatina and A. marginata are capable of being used as a sentinel to study the physiological and biochemical imbalances in living organisms arising from the accumulation of heavy metals.
African Giant snail (Achatina achatina)adelectable source of protein, good accumulator of heavy metals and a host to number of parasites was investigated to assess the parasite infestation and level of heavy metal concentration (Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb) in three communities located in Ogoni. Thirty (30) A. achatina were handpicked from June to October 2019. Their intestine, reproductive and head regions were examined for presence of parasites. The snail samples were also analysed for heavy metals. Seven types of parasites were identified and 80% of the snails examined were infected with parasites. Snails picked from Luubaara community had the highest prevalence of infection with 44% followed by Eeken with 31%, and Kaani with 25%. Cestodes where the most prevalent parasites being 67%, followed by nematodes 30% and arachnida 3%. Distribution of the parasite shows thatDiphyllobothrium latum had the highest prevalence of 53%and the least was Mite egg with 3%. The examined regions had the intestine with 50% of parasites, followed by the head region with 28% and the reproductive system with 22%. Zinc(Zn) had the highest concentration across the communities, followed by Chromium(Cr), Cadmium(Cd) was below detection limit (<0.001) while Lead(Pb) was not detected at all. The results showed that the metals were within the permissible safe limits of FAO/WHO. The high level of parasites infections could pose a serious problem to consumers of snails. Proper preparation of snails before consumption and continuous monitoring of heavy metals on edible snails are highly recommended.
The body burden of Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe in two edible species of land snails (A. achatinaand L. flammea) obtained from the wild in Bayelsa State Nigeria and the non-carcinogenic health risk consequent upon the consumption of these snails was investigated in this study. The concentrations (mg/kg) on dry weight basis of the metals were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometer, FAAS (GBC Avanta Ver 2.02 model) and found to be (± SD)Pb (29.5 ± 4.42), Cu (33.8 ± 6.25), Zn (75.3 ± 4.87) and Fe (2358.3 ± 35.67) for A. achatina and Pb (8.0 ± 082), Cu (23.7 ± 2.62), Zn (138.7 ± 4.49) and Fe (900 ± 303.56) for L. flammea. The target hazard quotients (THQs) and hazard index (HI) for evaluating the non-carcinogenic health risk was obtained from the individual and combined heavy metals due to dietary intake. THQ for the individual metals in A. achatina andL. flammea are in the decreasing order of Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb with risk value of 1.39, 0.34, 0.10, 0.00 and 0.53, 0.24, 0.19 and 0.00 respectively. Fe is the major contributor of the risk value which accounted for 55-75% of the THQs. The hazard index (HI) value obtained for A. achatina and L. flemmea were 1.83 and 0.96 respectively. The HI values indicates the presence of potential adverse health risk through the consumption of these two species of land snails. Therefore, moderate consumption of A. achatina and L. flemmea may be advisable considering the bio-accumulative nature of metals and to avoid human health risks to consumers in the future.
2018
The potential ecological risk index (RI) was employed to evaluate water quality and sediment pollution of heavy metals in the fish Town Rivers, Nigeria. The propensity of the presence of the heavy metals residue in a common brackish water snail (Pachymelania byronensis) that serves as food for human was also examined. Fine-grained surficial sediments from natural depositional zones were collected using Ekman dredge, pooled together and analyzed for the present of heavy metals. The snail samples were randomly hand-picked from the edge of the Rivers or attached to the substrata from August, 2017 to January, 2018 depicting wet season (August October) and dry season (November January). A total of 144 P. byronensis (24 per station) were sampled for this investigation. The concentrations of the heavy metals concentration in the sediments and snail tissues were analyzed using graphite furnace absorption spectrometry. The order of occurrence of the metal in the snail is Zn > Cu > Fe &...
Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa, 2015
Interest in the production of micro-livestock to supply the required protein has resulted in the intensive production of Snails. Wild and domesticated snails fed on contaminated feed may accumulate heavy metals which may be injurious to the consumers. Although toxicity and the resulting threat to human health of any contaminant are, of course, a function of concentration, it is well-known that chronic exposure to heavy metals and metalloids at relatively low levels can cause adverse effects. This study aimed at investigating the ability and effects (if any) of heavy metal accumulation in Giant African Land Snails (Archachatina marginata). 120 A. marginata growers were randomly allotted to 2 feed treatments (T1: Heavy metal contaminated pawpaw fruits and leaves; and T2: Heavy metal free pawpaw fruits and leaves) in a Completely Randomized Design. Each treatment has 4 replicates containing 15 snails per replicate. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum for the period of 12 weeks d...
Accumulation of copper, lead and cadmium in freshwater snails in southwestern Nigeria
Science of The Total Environment - SCI TOTAL ENVIR, 1996
The accumulation of copper, lead and cadmium in freshwater snails (Biomphalaria pfetfferi, Bulinus globosus, Lanistes libicus, Lymnaea natalensis, Potadoma moerchi, Melanoides tuberculata, Gabiella ajikana, Pila ovum and Bellamya species) was analysed in man-made dams and rivers in southwest Nigeria using a flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Metal concentrations varied widely among snail species and sites. Metal concentrations within the same snail species were strongly correlated with other metals within the same snail species. Seasonal changes in the metal concentrations occurred in some locations. The highest concentration of copper (2352 pg/g) was found in L. natalensis collected from Owena-Ondo daM in May, lead (52.1 fig/g) in B. globosus at Esa-Odo dam in July while cadmium (31.6 pg/g) was recorded in B. globosus sampled at Owena-Jesa dam in April, 1993. The results implicate the use of freshwater snails as a valuable tool for future monitoring programmes to evaluate the metal burden of man-made dams and rivers in the tropics.
2008
The main aim of this study is to establish mudflat snail Telescopium telescopium as a biomonitor of heavy metals for the intertidal area of Peninsular Malaysia. From this study, the concentrations of heavy metals in the different parts of soft tissues and shells were determined in T. telescopium collected from 16 geographical sites along the west coast and one site from the east coast (Tumpat, Kelantan) of Peninsular Malaysia. Based on the 17 populations, the mean concentrations of heavy metals in the total soft tissues of T. telescopium varied widely from 53.59-187.07 µg/g dry weight for Cu, 65.11-155.38 µg/g dry weight for Zn, 5.59-17.66 µg/g dry weight for Pb, 0.40-1.52 µg/g dry weight for Cd, 4.63-17.29 µg/g dry weight for Ni and 304.06-1062.19 µg/g dry weight for Fe. The soft tissues of snail T. telescopium were dissected, separated and pooled into seven parts namely foot, cephalic tentacle, mantle, muscle, gill, remaining soft tissues and digestive caecum and the concentrations of heavy metals in these tissues were measured. In the study of the relationship between different soft tissues of T.