Endometrial transcription of microbial molecular patterns receptors in Gyr and F1 Holstein x Gyr postpartum cows (original) (raw)
Related papers
Theriogenology, 2016
Changes in the endometrial transcription of pattern recognition receptors may increase the susceptibility to postpartum uterine infections in Holstein cows with retained placenta. To test this hypothesis, nine cows with retained placenta and ten cows without retained placenta were submitted to endometrial biopsies at the first and seventh days postpartum. Cows were monitored weekly with clinical and gynecological examinations until 42 days postpartum. Samples of the uterine contents were collected weekly for aerobic bacteria isolation. All cows had endometrial transcription of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1/6, 2, 4, 5, and 9; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors 1 and 2; and the coreceptors cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2), as measured on the first and seventh days postpartum. Escherichia coli was the most common bacterium isolated from the uterine contents of cows with or without retained placenta until 21 days postpartum. Transcription levels of TLR2, TLR4, and CD14 in Holstein cows with retained placenta significantly decreased (P < 0.05) between the first and the seventh day postpartum. Conversely, cows without retained placenta did not have any significant changes in transcription levels between these time points.
Postpartum toll-like receptors and β-defensin 5 mRNA levels in the endometrium of Holstein cows
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2011
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and -defensins are important components of the innate immune system. This study aimed to evaluate endometrial mRNA levels of TLRs (1/6, 2, 4, and 5) and -defensin 5 in Holstein cows by quantitative real time RT-PCR. Uterine biopsies were performed from 6 to 12 h after parturition, and cows were divided into two groups: (i) cows with placental retention and clinical signs of uterine infection until 45 days postpartum (n = 10) or (ii) cows with normal puerperium (n = 10). All cows had detectable levels of TLRs and -defensin 5 mRNAs, but these levels did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). Levels of TLR4 mRNA had a positive and significant correlation with the time required for uterine involution in both groups.
Innate immune gene variation and differential susceptibility to uterine diseases in Holstein cows
Theriogenology, 2013
An immune response is mounted after binding of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to pathogenassociated molecular patterns. The primary objective of this study was to test for the associations between bovine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertiondeletion (indel) mutations occurring in seven bovine TLR genes (TLRs 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10) that are known to recognize bacterial ligands and the most significant uterine diseases in dairy cows, including metritis (MET), clinical endometritis (CE), and cytologic endometritis (CYE). Custom allele-specific genotyping assays derived from multiple bovine TLR sequencing studies were utilized. Genotypes for 110 loci (SNPs and indels) that are known to be variable in domestic cattle were determined, resulting in 46 monomorphic loci, 64 loci with two alleles, and 35 loci that did not meet our inclusion criterion for minor allele frequency (!0.10). The association between specific TLR genotypes and each of the uterine diseases (MET, CE, CYE) was evaluated by logistic regression with correction for confounding variables. Collectively, seven SNPs produced uncorrected P values 0.05 with respect to three different uterine diseases investigated, but none of the SNP associations endured correction for multiple testing (P values ! 0.05). Several confounding variables, including parity, dystocia, and ketosis before 17 DIM, remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Our analysis of these data suggest that some bovine TLR SNPs (i.e., TLRs 2, 4, 6, 9) may potentially elicit relatively small effects on uterine health in Holstein dairy cows and that some confounding variables are actually more predictive for the incidence of disease than any genetic markers evaluated herein.
Genomic variation in innate immunity and susceptibility to uterine diseases in Holstein cows
American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings
Fertility is crucial for efficient dairy production, and adequate uterine health is a key element that allows for rapid resumption of reproductive function after calving. The challenge of uterine contamination with microorganisms at parturition is unavoidable. Some cows respond to this challenge successfully; however, approximately 20% of cows will develop metritis or clinical endometritis. Subsequently, the prevalence of subclinical endometritis will range from 25% to 75%. Innate immunity provides the first line of defense against infection by eliciting host responses to invading pathogens without requiring prior exposure. This response depends mainly on the action of neutrophils (PMNs) and macrophages with pattern recognition receptors that recognize molecular ligands from microbial species, which then initiate signaling pathways that result in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. One important group of receptors is the toll-like receptors (TLR), which regulate the activatio...
Variation in Toll-like Receptor Genes and Susceptibility to Clinical Mastitis in Holstein cows
An immune response is mounted after binding of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to pathogenassociated molecular patterns. The primary objective of this study was to test for the associations between bovine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertiondeletion (indel) mutations occurring in seven bovine TLR genes (TLRs 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10) that are known to recognize bacterial ligands and the most significant uterine diseases in dairy cows, including metritis (MET), clinical endometritis (CE), and cytologic endometritis (CYE). Custom allele-specific genotyping assays derived from multiple bovine TLR sequencing studies were utilized. Genotypes for 110 loci (SNPs and indels) that are known to be variable in domestic cattle were determined, resulting in 46 monomorphic loci, 64 loci with two alleles, and 35 loci that did not meet our inclusion criterion for minor allele frequency (!0.10). The association between specific TLR genotypes and each of the uterine diseases (MET, CE, CYE) was evaluated by logistic regression with correction for confounding variables. Collectively, seven SNPs produced uncorrected P values 0.05 with respect to three different uterine diseases investigated, but none of the SNP associations endured correction for multiple testing (P values ! 0.05). Several confounding variables, including parity, dystocia, and ketosis before 17 DIM, remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Our analysis of these data suggest that some bovine TLR SNPs (i.e., TLRs 2, 4, 6, 9) may potentially elicit relatively small effects on uterine health in Holstein dairy cows and that some confounding variables are actually more predictive for the incidence of disease than any genetic markers evaluated herein.
Toll-like receptor and antimicrobial peptide expression in the bovine endometrium
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2008
Background The endometrium is commonly infected with bacteria leading to severe disease of the uterus in cattle and humans. The endometrial epithelium is the first line of defence for this mucosal surface against bacteria and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a critical component of the innate immune system for detection of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Antimicrobial peptides, acute phase proteins and Mucin-1 (MUC-1) also provide non-specific defences against microbes on mucosal surfaces. The present study examined the expression of innate immune defences in the bovine endometrium and tested the hypothesis that endometrial epithelial cells express functional receptors of the TLR family and the non-specific effector molecules for defence against bacteria. Methods Bovine endometrial tissue and purified populations of primary epithelial and stromal cells were examined using RT-PCR for gene expression of TLRs, antimicrobial peptides and MUC-1. Functional responses were tested by evaluating the secretion of prostaglandin E2 and acute phase proteins when cells were treated with bacterial PAMPs such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoproteins. Results The endometrium expressed TLRs 1 to 10, whilst purified populations of epithelial cells expressed TLRs 1 to 7 and 9, and stromal cells expressed TLRs 1 to 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10. The TLRs appear to be functional as epithelial cells secreted prostaglandin E2 in response to bacterial PAMPs. In addition, the epithelial cells expressed antimicrobial peptides, such as Tracheal and Lingual Antimicrobial Peptides (TAP and LAP) and MUC-1, which were upregulated when the cells were treated with LPS. However, the epithelial cells did not express appreciable amounts of the acute phase proteins haptoglobin or serum amyloid A. Conclusion Epithelial cells have an essential role in the orchestration of innate immune defence of the bovine endometrium and are likely to be the key to prevention of endometrial infection with bacteria.
The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
In this study, we evaluated the peripheral concentrations of Toll-like receptors (TLR)-4 during transition period in relation to postpartum productive and reproductive performances of Deoni (zebu) cattle. Accuracy and threshold values of TLR-4 to predict the postpartum performance, were also estimated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals during transition period (from 21 days before to 21 days after calving) and TLR-4 concentration was estimated using bovine specific ELISA kits. Plasma TLR-4 concentration was significantly higher on third day of postpartum in cows that became pregnant within breeding period than the cows that remained non-pregnant (4.48 vs 1.80 ng/mL). ROC analysis revealed that the accuracy of TLR-4 for predication of ability to become pregnant within breeding period was acceptable (AUC: 0.75) with a threshold value of 2.13 ng/mL. It is concluded that concentrations of TLR-4, during transition per...
Expression and Function of Toll-like Receptor 4 in bovine endometrium 1
2012
The uterine endometrium, like other mucosal surfaces, is the first line of defence against invading pathogens and must play a stringent role in preventing the establishment of infection in the uterus. However, the bovine endometrium invariably succumbs to bacterial contamination following parturition, most commonly by Escherichia coli. The aim of the present study was to determine whether bovine endometrial cells responded specifically to LPS in vitro and whether they expressed the CD14 and TLR4 transcripts. In addition, since reproductive steroid hormones play an important role in the establishment of infection in the postpartum uterus, the role of hormones in the response to LPS was also investigated. Endometrial stromal and epithelial cells did express CD14 and TLR4 mRNA, and were able to respond to LPS by producing PGE2 and PGF2α respectively, in the absence of immune cells. Furthermore, this functional response was TLR4 mediated since neutralisation of LPS with polymyxin B abro...