The production of glucoamylase by Aspergillus niger NCIM 1245 (original) (raw)
Glucoamylase Production from Aspergillus Niger by Using Solid State Fermentation Process
2012
The main objective of this study was to produce glucoamylase under optimum conditions and to study the effect of chemical mutagenesis on Aspergillus niger for the production of glucoamylase. The maximum activity of glucoamylase (3.185±0.020 IU/mL/min.) by mutant Aspergillus niger and (2.085±0.021 IU/mL/min.) for wild Aspergillus niger was recorded in the culture filtration after 96 hours of Solid State Fermentation of growth medium with 70% moisture level and in presence of 0.3% yeast extract, 0.4% peptone, and 4 mL Tween-80 at pH 4.8. The maximum fraction value after gel filtration for wild Aspergillus niger was 2.850 IU/mL/min and for mutant Aspergillus niger was 2.980 IU/mL/min. Purification through the SDS PAGE revealed the indication of glucoamylase purification from Aspergillus niger. The high value of Km shows that substrate had great affinity for glucoamylase. Glucoamylase enzyme has many useful applications in food processing industry and fermentation biotechnology.
2011
2 Abstract: The use of agro industrial products (wheat bran and sugar cane bagasse) present a great potential as substrate and support the low production costs for glucoamylase production under solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae. The effect of various factors on amylase production was examined. Cultivation was carried out at temperatures 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70°C for 120 hrs. Study of influence of pH initial in SSF was conducted with pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0. The results showed that wheat bran and sugar cane bagasse powder at the ratio of 1:1 was the best for optimum production of glucoamylase. The maximum yield was achieved with optimized process parameters such as incubation period (120 hours), pH 5.0 and fermentation temperature (60°C). In kinetic characterization of enzymes the Michaelis-Menten relationship is well expressed that shows the real potential of this organism for production of glucoamylase.
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2003
It was the objective of the present study to increase the production of glucoamylase by Aspergillus awamori through solid state fermentation, using wheat bran as the main carbon source and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , urea, KH 2 PO 4 , glucose, maltose and starch as additional nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon sources. The production of glucoamylase is strongly influenced by N and C sources. A 100 % increase was observed when the (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 was replaced by urea, with C/N = 4.8, using maltose as the additional carbon source. C/P ratios in a range of 5.1 to 28.7 did not induce glucoamylase production under the studied conditions.
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2011
In this work, glucoamylase was produced by Aspergillus niger in solid-state fermentation. The enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies. Its molecular mass was estimated as 118.17 kDa by electrophoresis. The partially purified enzyme had an optimum pH range of 4.5-5.0 and an optimum temperature of 60 °C, with average activity 152.85 U mL -1 . Thermal and pH stability assays with the crude extract showed that more than 60 % of the activity remained at pH 4.6 and 60 °C, even after an exposition to these conditions longer than 24 h. Yet, after purification, the enzyme was stable at these for at least 4 h, which indicated that its purification for use in starch saccharification was inadvisable. K M and V max were 0.34 mg mL -1 and 160.22 U mL -1 , respectively.
2019
Filamentous fungi is the basic source of hydrolytic enzymes and widely used for industrial applications. Aspergillus fumigatus have been widely used for the production of hydrolytic enzymes. The present study was undertaken to demonstrate the production of glucoamylase from Aspergillus fumigatus using wheat bran as substrate. A. fumigatus was isolated from organic waste samples from river Ravi, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan and the conditions were optimized for its growth. Various carbon and nitrogen sources were utilized for the supplementation of growth medium in order to produce higher level of glucoamylase. The produced enzyme was partially purified by fractional ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by dialysis for the removal of salt. The dialyzed sample was further purified by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purified protein was utilized for the kinetic studies. Purification studies resulted in 12 fold purification with 45% yield of the glucoamylase. SDS-PAG...
Induction, and production studies of a novel glucoamylase of Aspergillus niger
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2005
The influence of carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of a raw-starch-digesting glucoamylase was investigated. The enzyme production was variable according to the carbon source. Levels of glucoamylase were minimal in the presence of even low concentrations of glucose while its production was stimulated by other carbohydrates. Wheat bran and cellulose were the most effective inducers of glucoamylase activities, followed by rice bran. Exogenously supplied glucose inhibited the synthesis of the enzyme in cultures of A. niger growing on wheat bran. In defined medium with maltose, the glucoamylase titres were 5.2-to 16.7-fold higher with cells growing on monomeric sugars and 1.5 times higher than cells growing on other disaccharides. It appeared that synthesis of glucoamylase varied under an induction mechanism, and a repression mechanism which changed the rate of synthesis of enzyme in induced over non-induced cultures. In this organism, substantial synthesis of glucoamylase could be induced by maltose, cello-dextrin, cellulose or cellulose-and hemicellulose-containing substrates which showed low volumetric substrate uptake rate. During growth of A. niger on wheat bran, maximum volumetric productivity (Q p) of glucoamylase was 274 IU l)1 h)1 and is significantly higher than the values reported for some other potent fungi. The addition of actinomycin D (a repressor of transcription) and cycloheximide, (a repressor of translation) completely repressed glucoamylase biosynthesis, suggested that the regulation of glucoamylase synthesis in this organism occurs at both transcriptional and translational level. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the culture exerted protection against thermal inactivation when exposed to different fermentation temperatures. Nomenclature Q x rate of cell mass formation (g cells l)1 h)1) Q s rate of substrate consumption (g substrate l)1 h)1) q s specific rate of substrate consumption (g substrate consumed g)1 cells h)1) l specific growth rate (h)1) Q p rate of a-glucoamylase formation (IU l)1 h)1) Y p/s a-glucoamylase yield (IU g)1 substrate utilized) Y p/x specific yield of enzyme production (IU g)1 cells) q p specific rate of enzyme production (IU g)1 cells h)1) DH x activation enthalpy for production formation (kJ mol)1) DH Ã D activation enthalpy for inactivation formation (kJ mol)1) DS* action entropy for product formation (kJ mol)1 K)1) DS Ã D action entropy for product inactivation (kJ mol)1 K)1
Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2017
A Fourteen day experimental study was carried out to determine the day of highest glucoamylase activity using amylopectin from guinea corn starch as the sole carbon source. Two peaks of high activity were observed on the fifth and twelveth days, and were thus mass produced. Specific activities for crude enzymes were found to be 729.45 U/mg and 1046.82 U/mg for day five and twelve harvested enzymes respectively. Ammonium sulphate saturations, 70% and 20%, were found suitable to precipitate proteins with highest glucoamylase activity for day five and twelve harvested enzymes respectively. After ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration, specific activities were found to be 65.98 U/mg and 180.52 U/mg respectively for day five harvested enzyme and 61.51 U/mg and 272.81 U/mg for day twelve harvested enzyme. The pH optimum for day five harvested enzyme were found to be 7.5, 7.5 and 6.0 using tiger nut, cassava and guinea corn starches as substrates respectively, also, the pH optimum for day twelve harvested enzyme were found to be 5.0, 8.5 and 7.0 using tiger nut, cassava and guinea corn starches as substrate, respectively. Optimum temperatures were found to be 50˚C and 45˚C for day five and twelve harvested enzymes, respectively. K m and V max , of day five harvested enzyme were found to be 770.75 mg/ml and 2500 µmol/min, 158.55 mg/ml and 500 µmol/min and 46.23 mg/ml and 454.53 µmol/min using cassava, guinea corn and tiger nut starches as substrate respectively. K m and Vmax of day twelve harvested enzyme were found to be 87.1 mg/ml and 384.61 µmol/min, 29.51 mg/ml and 243.90 µmol/min, and 2364 mg/ml and 2500 µmol/min, using cassava, guinea corn and tiger nut starches as substrate respectively.
Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2020
Filamentous fungi have been widely utilized in production of enzymes which have many industrial applications. In this study, twenty five local fungal isolates, belonging to Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp. and Penicillium sp., were screened under solid state fermentation conditions (SSF) for the production of α-amylase, glucoamylase and cellulase. Asperigillus oryzae F-923, cultivated on wheat bran, was the most promising isolate for production of the target enzymes under this study. Physical parameters of moisture content, pH, temperature and incubation time, optimized were 1:2(w/v), 5.5, 28°C and 72 hr, respectively. The production of enzymes was enhanced when ammonium sulfate was supplemented as a nitrogen source to wheat bran. The production of α-amylase and glucoamylase was also enhanced when 10% (w/w) soluble starch was added as a carbon source to wheat bran. However xylose supplementation at 10% (w/w) was observed to be best for cellulase production. Tap water was found to be...
Increased Glucoamylase Production Using Agricultural By-Products
Journal of Food Biochemistry, 1980
Media prepared from agricultural by-products including malt, wheat bran, corn steep liquor and soybean flour, were found to be an excellent substrate for proliferation o f Aspergillus niger #57. Glucoamylase yields obtained using various combinations of the above materials were ten to fifteen times higher than those obtained uisng semi-synthetic media. A medium comprising 10% wheat bran extract and 8% defatted soy bean flour gave the highest enzyme yield o f 42 IUlml as compared with a yield o f 2.8 IU/ml obtained using optimal concentrations o f glucose and pep tone.