A comparison of meningococcal carriage by pregnancy status (original) (raw)
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Epidemiology and Infection, 1991
In a household survey in the Faroe Islands, an isolated community with hyperendemic occurrence of meningococcal disease due to serogroup B 15, 1604 persons were examined for pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and N. lactamica. Two areas were chosen having experienced high (HIA), and two having experienced low incidences (LIA) of disease. Living in HIA compared with LIA was associated with higher risk of N. meningitidis B 15 carriage and lower risk of N. lactamica carriage, with odds ratios of 2.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-5.1, P = 0.003) and 0.41 (95% CI 0.31-0.53, P less than 0.0001), respectively. In HIA the risk of N. meningitidis carriage was much lower in non-carriers than carriers of N. lactamica, with an odds ratio of 0.19 (95% CI 0.08-0.47, P = 0.0003); in LIA this association (odds ratio 0.51, P = 0.05) was much weaker. Children 0-14 years had substantially higher risk of being carriers of N. meningitidis group B 15 if the mothers were so, with an odds ratio of 11 (95% CI 4-29, P less than 0.0001).
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 1996
L e t t e r s t o t h e E d i t o r s 1 4 5 than 90% of significant microorganisms were detected within the first 5 days of incubation, whereas more than 50% of positives detected on days 6 and 7 were contaminants. Therefore, if the incubation period is reduced to 5 days, a 20% reduction of contaminants will be achieved and, furthermore, the workload will be reduced, since this implies a 28% daily reduction in the number of bottles to evaluate. From a clinical point of view, the fact that more than 90% of bacteremias were detected during the first 3 days of incubation is reassuring. In conclusion, we may state that, in our experience, the use of the BACTEC NR system allows a reduction in the incubation period from 7 to 5 days without any loss of sensitivity in bacteremia detection; nevertheless, a definitive and prospective study will be necessary to confirm our conclusions.
Prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis carriage: a small-scale survey in Istanbul, Turkey
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2016
Introduction: The human nasopharynx is the main reservoir of Neisseria meningitidis, and asymptomatic carriage is common. N. meningitidis one of the common causes of bacterial meningitis in Turkey, especially after the implementation of the national immunization program that includes conjugated pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of meningococcal carriage and determine the leading serogroup, which may help authorities to adapt appropriate meningococal vaccine into the national immunization programme. Methodology: The prevalence of oropharyngeal carriage of N. meningitidis in 1,000 healthy subjects, 0–79 years of age, was investigated. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected during an 18-month period. Samples obtained were inoculated onto Thayer-Martin agar. The API-NH test and VITEK-MS system were used for identification of colonies. Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to determine sero...
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 1997
A case of premature birth associated with an endocervical infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis is reported. Treatment of the mother with amoxycillin eradicated the bacteria from the endocervix and avoided newborn colonization or infection. Epidemiological investigation identified meningococcal oropharyngeal colonization of the male partner. The two strains were of the same antigenic lbrmula B:4:Pl.14 and exhibited identical rDNA restriction fragment patterns and outer membrane protein profiles. This phenotypic and genomic identity of strains is the first clear evidence for cross-colonization between sexual partners.
Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in Healthy Dutch Children
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2005
We investigated the prevalence and determinants of nasopharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in 3200 healthy children aged 1-19 years. The incidence of meningococcal carriage was, on average, 1.5%. Peak incidences were seen at age 1 year and after age 15 years. The independent determinants of meningococcal carriage included age, regular visits to youth clubs (odds ratio [OR], 2.2) and discotheques (OR, 4.3), and pneumococcal carriage (OR, 4.1). Because of a nationwide increase in the number of cases of invasive meningococcal disease caused by serogroup C meningococci during the first few months of 2002 in The Netherlands [1], all Dutch children from 12 months to 19 years of age were offered immunization during a national vaccination campaign in the summer of 2002. This opportunity was used to screen 13000 healthy children in Rotterdam for nasopharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus and to obtain information regarding age distribution and the social and environmental factors related to nasopharyngeal carriage of the 3 pathogens. This study was approved by the medical ethics review board of the Erasmus Medical Centre (Rotterdam, The Netherlands). The prevalences and determinants of S. pneumoniae and S. aureus colonization have been described elsewhere [2]. In the present study, we focused on the prevalence and determinants of N. meningitidis carriage for a Dutch cohort of healthy children.
Prevalence of meningococcal carriage in children and adolescents aged 10–19 years in Chile in 2013
Journal of Infection and Public Health, 2016
In 2011, Chile experienced an increase in the number of cases of IMD caused by Neisseria meningitidis group W. This epidemiological scenario prompted authorities to implement prevention strategies. As part of these strategies, the Institute of Public Heath of Chile conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of pharyngeal carriage of N. meningitidis in a representative sample of healthy children and adolescents aged 10-19 years. The identification of presumptive N. meningitidis strains was performed by testing carbohydrate utilization in the National Reference Laboratory at the ISP. Association of meningococcal carriage with risk factors was analyzed by calculating the Odds Ratio. Selected variables were included in a logistic model for risk analyses. The prevalence of carriage of N. meningitidis was 6.5% (CI: 5.7-7.3%). Older age (carriers: 14.2 ± 0.29 vs. non-carriers: 13.8 ± 0.08 years old; p = 0.009), cohabitation with children (carriers: 0.9 ± 0.13 vs. non-carriers: 0.7 ± 0.03; p = 0.028), number of smoking cohabitants (carriers: 0.55 ± 0.13 vs. non-carriers: 0.44 ± 0.03) and frequent attendance to crowded social venues (carriers: 49% vs.
Epidemiology and Infection, 2001
We analysed a strain collection representative of the overall Neisseria meningitidis population circulating in an open community (46 000 inhabitants, Spain) during an endemic period (30 isolates from patients and 191 from throat cultures of healthy individuals) by both phenotypic and molecular techniques. Almost all patient isolates were assigned to three hyper-virulent lineages (ET-5 complex, ET-37 complex and cluster A4) by both multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In contrast, MEE and PFGE assigned 20 % and 15 % respectively of carrier isolates to the hyper-virulent clones (4 % for both methods together). There was also a higher correlation between PFGE and phenotypes associated with virulent clones. These notable differences between the two molecular methods were further observed in more than half the carrier isolates, suggesting that the associations between these strains were distorted by recombination events. However, almost one-third of total endemic strains from symptom-free carriers and almost all patient strains belonged to clones defined by MEE and PFGE, with no known epidemiological connection. These data indicate low transmission and a weak clonal structure for N. meningitidis.