Design and Construction of a Rainfall Simulator (original) (raw)

Monitoring the Decline of Water in Lakes and Reservoirs Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems

IRAQI JOURNAL OF DESERT STUDIES

In this study were employed techniques of remote sensing and geographic information systems to monitor the decline of the lakes, where it was noted that the methods of traditional studies of large areas are costly and timeconsuming and is not in line with scientific and technical progress now. In this research was the follow-up change area covered by lakes, through satellite images taken in different time periods of Lake Habbania , Qadisia reservoir , Razaza ,and Thrthar Lake , has been monitoring the change areas covered by water. This study concluded that there is a threat to the environment of those water bodies and land surrounding and associated with it by the great depression, which reached maximum in the Razaz lake which declined by 68% in 2010 than they were to cover the 2005 and the volume of water has declined by 88% and in the Qadisia reservoir receded water for 33% of the area submerged so the reservoir between 2000 and 2005, and the volume of water has declined by 44%. Which indicates the presence of significant environmental risk threatening the Euphrates basin from Haditha Dam to the mouth of the Shatt al-Arab

Derivation of Pedotransfer Functions for Estimating Penetration Resistance, Aggregate Stability and Parameters of van Genuchten Moisture Curve Model in Fandoglou Forest Lands of Ardabil

2016

Direct measurement of soil hydraulic and mechanical properties is time consuming, costly and sometimes unreliable due to soil heterogeneity and experimental errors. On the other hand, these properties can be estimated from readily available soil properties using pedotransfer functions (PTFs). This research describes regression based PTFs to predict dependent soil properties including penetration resistance (PR), mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD), some points of soil water retention curve (SWRC), its slope at the inflection point (Sp), the van Genuchten a and n parameters from independent soil properties including sand, silt, clay, geometric mean (dg) and standard deviation (δg) of the soil particles diameter, relative bulk (Db-rel) and particle density (Dp), total porosity (n), water repellency (WR), initial water content (Pm), organic carbon (OC) and equivalent calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Totally, 75 soil samples were taken from Fandoglou forest lands of Ardabil, Iran. Then t...

Empirical Equations for Estimation of Water Distribution Uniformity Coefficient in Case of the Alternate Setting of Sprinkler Laterals

2021

Among the operating and management practices that can increase the uniformity of water distribution in the portable sprinkler irrigation systems is the alternate setting of sprinkler laterals. Shifting the laterals by half the distance between laterals results in a single alternate set and shifting the laterals by half the distance between the sprinklers results in double alternate set. Data representing 66 patterns of water distribution for a single sprinkler of different types of sprinkler heads were used. By choosing many suitable sprinklers spacing and using Microsoft Excel to implement the field distribution that free of dry spots, the following coefficients were computed: uniformity coefficient, uniformity coefficient of single and double alternate set, distribution uniformity, distribution uniformity of single and double alternate set and coefficients related to sprinklers spacing. Then, using the nonlinear regression analysis provided in SPSS, empirical relationships were derived to estimate both the single and double uniformity coefficients and the single and double distribution uniformity with determination coefficients of 0.783, 0.810, 0.720, and 0.766, respectively. The spacing coefficients that lead to the maximum values of the different uniformity coefficients were determined based on inferred equations. In addition, the functions proposed in previous studies used in estimating the single and double uniformity coefficients with determination coefficients of 0.608 and 0.539, respectively as well as the single and double distribution uniformity coefficients with determination coefficients of 0.584 and 0.491, respectively showed low accuracy as compared with the ones proposed in the current study.

تقنية نظام الكهف (CAVE System) كواحدة من أهم تطبيقات الواقع الافتراضي في الجانب المعماري

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning, 1970

Virtual reality technology is the most important techniques reached by the technological revolution in the last decades of the twentieth century. It had a significant impact in various fields of life, especially in the field of architecture through the presentation and realizing the product of architecture, ٢٠١٢ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫ﺗﺷرﯾن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٢٦-٢٥ ‫اﻟﻌدد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﺎرة‬ ‫ﻟﮭﻧدﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌراﻗﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﻠﺔ‬ ٢٠١٢ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫ﺗﺷرﯾن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٢٦-٢٥ ‫اﻟﻌدد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﺎرة‬ ‫ﻟﮭﻧدﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌراﻗﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﻠﺔ‬ ٢٠١٢ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫ﺗﺷرﯾن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ٢٦-٢٥ ‫اﻟﻌدد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﺎرة‬ ‫ﻟﮭﻧدﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌراﻗﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﻠﺔ‬

مقارنة لبعض نماذج الانحدار المكاني باستخدام المحاكاة

Journal of Techniques

يعّد مرض سرطان الثدي من أكثر الامراض السرطانية شيوعا التي تصيب النساء على مستوى العالم ككل وتختلف معدلات الاصابة بين منطقة واخرى، يمكن دراسة هذه الظاهرة اعتمادا على تأثير المكان بدل السنوات وتتأثر البيانات المكانية بصورة مباشـرة بمجموعـة مـن العوامـل المـؤثرة (العمر، الموقع الجغرافي، الحالة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والإنجابية، تناول الهرمونات، عوامل الخطر المتعلقة بنمط الحياة (التدخين، النظام الغذائي، السمنة والنشاط البدني)، والتاريخ العائلي التي تساهم بإظهار هذ المرض. في هذا البحث استخدم نماذج الانحدار المكاني ( spatial regressive model ) لتحليـل البيانـات المكانية لمرض سرطان الثدي ومن خـلال المقارنة التقدير بين نماذج الانحدار المكاني بواسطة محاكاة مونت كارلو لاختيار افصل مقدر بين النموذجي الانحدار المكاني الاول نموذج الانحدار الذاتي المكاني (spatial autoregressive mode ) والثاني نموذج الخطأ المكاني( spatial error model) وتطبيق طريقتي التقدير طريقة المربعات الصغرى الاعتيادية وطريقة الامكان الاعظم على نماذج الانحدار ولغرض المقارنة استخدام معيار المقارنة متوسط مربع الخطأ (Mean S...