Climatic and social risk factors for Aedes infestation in rural Thailand (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue globally. The variables that influence the abundance of dengue vectors are numerous and complex. This has generated a need to focus on areas at risk of disease transmission, the spatial-temporal distribution of vectors, and the factors that modulate vector abundance. To help guide and improve vector-control efforts, this study identified the ecological, social, and other environmental risk factors that affect the abundance of adult female and immature Ae. aegypti in households in urban and rural areas of northeastern Thailand. A one-year entomological study was conducted in four villages of northeastern Thailand between January and December 2019. Socio-demographic; self-reported prior dengue infections; housing conditions; durable asset ownership; water management; characteristics of water containers; knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding climate change and dengue; and climate data were collected. Household crowding index (HCI...
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
Three villages in urban, transition, and rural areas were selected for the survey to clarify the spatial distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus along an urban-rural ecological gradient. The average number of Ae. aegypti larvae in larvitraps was higher in the urban area than in the rural area, as we expected, whereas the opposite was found for Ae. albopictus, rural area Ͼ urban area. A house survey of larvae-inhabiting containers showed significant differences in the number and composition of these containers among the study areas. Significant differences also were found in the average distance between houses, average tree height, and average percentage of vegetation cover for each house. The seasonal pattern of rainfall recorded in each study area did not show great differences among the study areas. The response of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to the urban-rural gradient is discussed in relation to the possibility of applying geographic information system techniques to plan the control strategy and surveillance of dengue vectors.
Determinant factor affected the presence of Aedes sp. in a customary village
International Journal of Public Health Science, 2023
Vector surveillance and control are the only reliable means for the prevention and control of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, such as in Customary Village environments. Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has many Customary Villages, so the variables that affect the breeding of dengue vectors are numerous and complex. This study identifies potential vector breeding places and environmental factors for the presence of Aedes sp. in Customary Villages. A study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in the Segenter Customary Villages, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors associated with the presence of Aedes larvae. The results showed that the entomological index was in the high category and at risk as a potential breeding place for the Aedes sp. The determinant factor that affects the presence of dengue vectors is the traditional type of house (p-value=0.005; RP=2.138). This factor is strengthened by the 70-90% humidity (p-value= 0.009; RP=1.764), 25-30 o C house temperatures (p-value=0.011; RP=1.650), and mixed type house (p-value=0.067; RP=1.413). These findings contribute to the development of an early warning system regarding the potential spread of Aedes vector-borne diseases, increase awareness, promote and prevention of dengue fever (DF), and its vectors to healthy tourism in Indonesia.
BMC Public Health
Background Controlling sites where mosquitos breed is a key strategy in breaking the cycle of infectious transmission of the dengue virus. Preventive behaviors, such as covering water containers with lids and adding temephos (commercially named Abate sand) in water containers are needed to reduce and control mosquito breeding sites. This study aimed to investigate the impact of dengue-preventive behaviors on Aedes immature production. Methods This cross-sectional study used in-person interviews to record occurrence of dengue-preventive behaviors in Bang Kachao, Samut Prakan Province, Thailand. Larval mosquitos in and around houses were observed and recorded, and covered 208 households. Results It was found that 50% of these households had containers for drinking water and 94% used water containers. Covering water containers with effective lids showed the best success among dengue-preventive behaviors for reducing Aedes immature production. Adding temephos in water containers also wa...
Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 2015
The objectives were to survey Aedes aegypti larval breeding habitats and analyze dengue vector indices. This larval vector survey was conducted in Dongklang village in Ubon Ratchathani province over two years in 2012 and 2013. During each year, dengue vector indices, House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Breteau Index (BI), were collected for two periods, dry season (January-April) and wet season (May-August). The number of households infested with larvae in the different years and periods were compared using chi-square test. The results showed in 2012, HI, CI, and BI were 52.7%, 19.9%, and 135.1% respectively in the dry season. In the wet season, the indices decreased. In 2013, dengue vector indices again tended to decrease from dry seasonal to wet seasonal periods. The numbers of households that were infested by Aedes larvae did not differ between years and seasons. Dengue vector indices are alternative methods to predict Aedes mosquito distribution and can be used in the m...
Locations and Religious Factors Affecting Dengue Vectors in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
This study investigated the numbers of Aedes larvae found in relation to the religion of the people, the location of their houses, and the number of water containers in and around the house. We collected our questionnaire survey during April-May 2004 covering two different topographical areas (i.e. seaside and mountainous areas) and two religious factors (i.e. Buddhist and Muslims). We collected samples by using the stratified simple random sampling with a total of 400 households from all communities in 31 sub-districts. The results showed that there were a higher number of Ae. aegypti larvae in water containers in bathrooms, concrete tanks and large water jars than the number of Ae. albopictus larvae in both areas. Ae. albopictus larvae were found in higher numbers at the seaside area than in the mountainous area. On the other hand, the number of small water jars had a higher number of Aedes larvae in the mountainous area than in the seaside area. Considering only large water jars,...
Ecologic and Sociodemographic Risk Determinants for Dengue Transmission in Urban Areas in Thailand
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases, 2012
This study analyzed the association between household-level ecologic and individual-level sociodemographic determinants and dengue transmission in urban areas of Chachoengsao province, Thailand. The ecologic and sociodemographic variables were examined by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. In the ecologic model, dengue risk was related to households situated in the ecotope of residential mixed with commercial and densely populated urban residential areas (RCDENPURA) (aOR = 2.23, P = 0.009), high historical dengue risk area (aOR = 2.06, P < 0.001), and presence of household window screens (aOR = 1.62, P = 0.023). In the sociodemographic model, the dengue risk was related to householders aged >45 years (aOR = 3.24, P = 0.003), secondary and higher educational degrees (aOR = 2.33, P = 0.013), household members >4 persons (aOR = 2.01, P = 0.02), and community effort in environmental management by clean-up campaign (aOR = 1.91, P = 0.035). It is possible that the preventive measures were positively correlated with dengue risk because these activities were generally carried out in particular households or communities following dengue experiences or dengue outbreaks. Interestingly, the ecotope of RCDENPURA and high historical dengue risk area appeared to be very good predictors of dengue incidences.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2013
To study the factors associated with dengue prevention and control in Moo 6 (the 6th village) and Moo 7 of Tambon Kaeng-phak-kut, Thaluang District, Lopburi Province. The authors reviewed the raw data collected by public health officers and village health volunteers (VHVs) as their routine tasks. The authors analyzed the data, 30 dwellings per each village, to compare the demographics, knowledge, attitude, and practice of subjects from Moo 6, a dengue-outbreak community, with that from Moo 7, a control group, as well as larval indices between these 2 studied groups. The present retrospective study is approved by Siriraj Institutional Review Board, Certificate of Approval No. Si393/2012. Both groups of subjects had no statistically significant difference in basic dengue knowledge (p = 0.862), attitude towards dengue prevention and control, practical knowledge (p = 0.457), and actual practice to eliminate Aedes larvae and prevent it laying eggs, except for the practice of managing wat...
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2007
Objective To characterize the social and environmental risk factors associated with the presence of Aedes aegypti in order to improve community dengue control.Methods A case–control study with ‘cases’ being households with entomologically confirmed A. aegypti infestation; personal interviews in Central Havana, a densely populated inner city area characterized by overcrowded housing and irregular water service. The participants were residents of 278 houses with infestation and 556 houses without infestation.Results Greater risk of infestation was associated with lack of preventive measures, such as no larvicide in the water tanks (OR = 2.21) and use of flower vases for religious practice (1.93), not being economically active (1.64), vulnerable populations with higher risks in households with older people (1.52) and households with children (1.94).Conclusions Efforts to reduce infestations should continue to focus on water tank sanitation and improving housing conditions, but also engage community religious leaders to help promote safe practices. Vulnerable populations should be especially targeted by prevention activities. A surveillance programme can produce evidence to guide interventions.Objectif Caractériser les facteurs de risque sociaux et environnementaux associés à la présence de Aedes aegypti afin d'améliorer le contrôle de la dengue dans la communauté.Méthodes Etude cas-témoins avec les ‘cas’étant des familles avec une infestation entomologiquement confirmée par Aedes d'aegypti. Interviews de personnes. L’étude a été entreprise dans le centre de La Havane, une zone en pleine ville, densément peuplée et caractérisée par des habitations surpeuplées et des approvisionnements d'eau irréguliers. Les participants étaient des résidants de 278 maisons infestées et de 556 maisons non infestées.Résultats Le risque élevé d'infestation était associé au manque de mesures préventives telles que: le manque de larvicide dans les réservoirs d'eau (OR = 2,21), l'utilisation de vases à fleurs pour des pratiques religieuses (1,93), la majorité des habitants économiquement inactifs (1,64), des populations vulnérables avec de plus gros risques pour les familles avec des personnes âgées (1,52) et les familles avec des enfants (1,94).Conclusions Les efforts pour réduire des infestations devraient continuer à cibler l'hygiène des réservoirs d'eau et améliorer les conditions des logements, mais également engager les chefs religieux de la communauté pour aider à favoriser des pratiques dénuées de risque. Les populations vulnérables devraient particulièrement être ciblées avec des activités de prévention. Un programme de surveillance peut efficacement produire l’évidence nécessaire pour guider les interventions.Objectif Caractériser les facteurs de risque sociaux et environnementaux associés à la présence de Aedes aegypti afin d'améliorer le contrôle de la dengue dans la communauté.Méthodes Etude cas-témoins avec les ‘cas’étant des familles avec une infestation entomologiquement confirmée par Aedes d'aegypti. Interviews de personnes. L’étude a été entreprise dans le centre de La Havane, une zone en pleine ville, densément peuplée et caractérisée par des habitations surpeuplées et des approvisionnements d'eau irréguliers. Les participants étaient des résidants de 278 maisons infestées et de 556 maisons non infestées.Résultats Le risque élevé d'infestation était associé au manque de mesures préventives telles que: le manque de larvicide dans les réservoirs d'eau (OR = 2,21), l'utilisation de vases à fleurs pour des pratiques religieuses (1,93), la majorité des habitants économiquement inactifs (1,64), des populations vulnérables avec de plus gros risques pour les familles avec des personnes âgées (1,52) et les familles avec des enfants (1,94).Conclusions Les efforts pour réduire des infestations devraient continuer à cibler l'hygiène des réservoirs d'eau et améliorer les conditions des logements, mais également engager les chefs religieux de la communauté pour aider à favoriser des pratiques dénuées de risque. Les populations vulnérables devraient particulièrement être ciblées avec des activités de prévention. Un programme de surveillance peut efficacement produire l’évidence nécessaire pour guider les interventions.Objetivo Caracterizar los factores de riesgo sociales y ambientales asociados con la presencia de Aedes aegypti con el fin de mejorar el control comunitario del dengue.Métodos Estudio caso control en el que los ‘casos’ eran hogares con confirmación entomológica de infestación por Aedes aegypti. Se realizaron entrevistas personales a residentes de 278 casas con infestación y 556 de casas no infestadas. El estudio fue conducido en la Habana Central, área con una alta densidad poblacional, caracterizada por hacinamiento de las casas y con un servicio de acueducto irregular.Resultados Se observó una asociación entre el riesgo aumentado de infestación y la falta de medidas preventivas, tales como el no poner larvicidas en los tanques de agua (OR = 2.21) y el uso de jarrones con agua para flores utilizados en prácticas religiosas (1.93), una mayoría de miembros económicamente inactivos (1.64), poblaciones vulnerables con un mayor riesgo en hogares con personas mayores (1.52) y hogares con niños (1.94).Conclusiones Los esfuerzos para reducir las infestaciones deberían continuar enfocándose en el saneamiento de los tanques de agua y en la mejora de las condiciones de los hogares, pero también deberían involucrar a los líderes religiosos en la promoción de prácticas seguras. Las actividades preventivas deberían ser especialmente dirigidas a las poblaciones vulnerables. Un programa de vigilancia puede generar evidencia eficaz que sirva de guía en las intervenciones.Objetivo Caracterizar los factores de riesgo sociales y ambientales asociados con la presencia de Aedes aegypti con el fin de mejorar el control comunitario del dengue.Métodos Estudio caso control en el que los ‘casos’ eran hogares con confirmación entomológica de infestación por Aedes aegypti. Se realizaron entrevistas personales a residentes de 278 casas con infestación y 556 de casas no infestadas. El estudio fue conducido en la Habana Central, área con una alta densidad poblacional, caracterizada por hacinamiento de las casas y con un servicio de acueducto irregular.Resultados Se observó una asociación entre el riesgo aumentado de infestación y la falta de medidas preventivas, tales como el no poner larvicidas en los tanques de agua (OR = 2.21) y el uso de jarrones con agua para flores utilizados en prácticas religiosas (1.93), una mayoría de miembros económicamente inactivos (1.64), poblaciones vulnerables con un mayor riesgo en hogares con personas mayores (1.52) y hogares con niños (1.94).Conclusiones Los esfuerzos para reducir las infestaciones deberían continuar enfocándose en el saneamiento de los tanques de agua y en la mejora de las condiciones de los hogares, pero también deberían involucrar a los líderes religiosos en la promoción de prácticas seguras. Las actividades preventivas deberían ser especialmente dirigidas a las poblaciones vulnerables. Un programa de vigilancia puede generar evidencia eficaz que sirva de guía en las intervenciones.
2010
Objective To study dengue vector breeding patterns under a variety of conditions in public and private spaces; to explore the ecological, biological and social (eco-bio-social) factors involved in vector breeding and viral transmission, and to define the main implications for vector control. Methods In each of six Asian cities or periurban areas, a team randomly selected urban clusters for conducting standardized household surveys, neighbourhood background surveys and entomological surveys. They collected information on vector breeding sites, people's knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding dengue, and the characteristics of the study areas. All premises were inspected; larval indices were used to quantify vector breeding sites, and pupal counts were used to identify productive water container types and as a proxy measure for adult vector abundance. Findings The most productive vector breeding sites were outdoor water containers, particularly if uncovered, beneath shrubbery and unused for at least one week. Peridomestic and intradomestic areas were much more important for pupal production than commercial and public spaces other than schools and religious facilities. A complex but non-significant association was found between water supply and pupal counts, and lack of waste disposal services was associated with higher vector abundance in only one site. Greater knowledge about dengue and its transmission was associated with lower mosquito breeding and production. Vector control measures (mainly larviciding in one site) substantially reduced larval and pupal counts and "pushed" mosquito breeding to alternative containers. Conclusion Vector breeding and the production of adult Aedes aegypti are influenced by a complex interplay of factors. Thus, to achieve effective vector management, a public health response beyond routine larviciding or focal spraying is essential.