Bacterial agents causing chronic suppurative otitis media (original) (raw)
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Background: Otitis media (OM) is a major health problem in both developed and developing countries. Objective: To determine the pattern of bacterial isolates in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media(CSOM) in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: A prospective study carried out in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria among consenting patients with CSOM attending the ENT clinic over a period of 7months. Informed consent was obtained from the patients or caregivers and approval for the study obtained from ethical committee. Structured questionnaire was administered and microbiological analysis done, data obtained was entered into SPSS statistical software and results presented in tables and figures. Results: A total of 134 patients aged 5-64yrs with chronic suppurative otitis media were interviewed with a mean age of 17.0 (S.D. =15.1±1.30). About 55.2% of the respondents were under 10yrs. Seventy-two (53.7%) of the respondents were males with M:F=1.2:1. The gram stain showed predominantly gram negative organisms (71.6%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the commonest middle ear pathogenic organism identified and the sensitivity pattern highly favoured ciprofloxacin Conclusion: CSOM is still a childhood problem among the under tens' more prevalent among males and the commonest agent is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ciprofloxacin is still the most sensitive antibiotics in vitro.
Pattern of bacterial pathogens of acute Otitis media in a tertiary hospital, South Western Nigeria
African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2016
INTRODUCTION: Otitis media was reasonably prevalent prior to the use of antibiotics for treatment. In Nigeria, hospital incidence reports indicate that chronic suppurative Otitis media is the commonest. Complications that usually arise as a result of untreated Otitis media are meningitis, brain abscess, keratoma, otosclerosis, and hearing loss. The study aimed at providing information on the pattern of bacterial pathogens of acute Otitis media in LAUTECH Teaching hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study involving patients with acute Otitis media attending ENT clinic at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Ear swabs were collected from the patients after informed consent. The samples were inoculated on general and selective laboratory media. Bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on each of the bacterial isolates using modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion. RESULTS: There were 115 isolates from 98 patients with acute Otitis media. Gram negative bacteria constituted 66.7% of the isolates. The most common organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (34.8%). Others were Staphylococcus aureus (30.4%), Proteus spp (15.7%), Klebsiella spp (11.3%), Escherichia coli (2.6%) and few Fungi (4.1%). Antibiotics sensitivity results of the isolates showed high resistance against most readily available antibiotics. The cumulative resistance of all the bacteria isolates to Augmentin was 89%, gentamicin 80%, ciprofloxacin 34% and ceftazidime 10%. About 88% of the Gram positive bacteria were resistant to penicillin G, amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole, and erythromycin. While 100% of the Gram negative bacteria were resistant to cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. However, commonly isolated organisms were highly susceptible to few 3rd-generation cephalosporins especially ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. CONCLUSION: Based on the result of this study, it is suggested that knowledge of antibiotic profile of etiological agents in Otitis media would be of great advantage in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with Otitis media.
Bacteriology of otitis media among patients attending general hospital Bichi, Nigeria
Otitis media is the inflammation of the middle ear and has a worldwide distribution, particularly among children. A total of 68 patients between the ages 0-42 years who presented with sign and symptoms of otitis media at Bichi general hospital were enrolled for this study. Middle ear discharge were collected, processed and bacterial isolates identified using standard microbiological techniques. Disc susceptibility tests were performed on bacterial isolates. Results indicated that there was a high frequency of occurrence of bacteria incriminated in otitis media in the 0-5 and 6-11 year age groups in the two sexes. Male patients in the two age groups were more infected than the female counterparts. The sensitivity pattern obtained in this study show a progressive increase in the emergence of strains that are resistant to many chemotherapeutic agents. Drug resistance among bacterial isolates is a common phenomenon placing challenge to both medical practitioners and genetic scientists. A routine check on sensitivity patterns among these pathogens is vital so as to regulate the prescription measure to be employed. Keywords – Otitis media, antibiogram, prevalence, resistance.
IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019
Introduction: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a condition of middle ear characterized by recurrent or persistent discharge through a chronic perforation of tympanic membrane. CSOM causes mild to moderate conductive hearing loss in more than 50% of cases. As there is mild to moderate conductive deafness, this in turn in children is likely to affect language and cognitive development. CSOM produces chronic mastoiditis by contiguous spread. If untreated it can lead to irreversible local destruction of middle ear structures and various intracranial and extra cranial complications. The organisms causing CSOM and their susceptibility pattern to antibiotics varies in different regions and also changes over time. Therefore it is important to study the organisms causing CSOM and their susceptibility pattern at regular intervals to see the pattern of organisms prevalent in patients with CSOM in that particular region and their antibiotic susceptibility to start empherical treatment for patients with CSOM by clinicians. Objectives: To determine the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of organisms causing chronic suppurative otitis media. Materials and Methods: Ear swabs collected from patients of suspected CSOMduring the period of 1 year from January 2018 to December 2018 were included in the study. Samples were processed for routine microscopy and culture and the organisms were identified by standard methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done as per CLSI (Clinical and laboratory Standards Institute) guidelines. The isolates were identified by colony morphology, Gram’s stain and biochemical reactions and antibiotic susceptibility tests performed by CLSI recommended by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of the 132 ear swab samples, 114 yielded growth. 18 samples showed no growth. Most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus 43(37.7%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 32(28.1%). Other organisms isolated include Klebsiella spp12(10.6%), Coagulase negative staphylococci 11(9.6%), Proteus spp 8(7%), E scherichia coli 5(4.4%) and Citrobacter spp 3(2.6%). Amikacin, Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin were found to be effective against most of Gram positive and negative organisms. Conclusion: CSOM is a disease of middle ear which if not given timely treatment can lead to irreversible ear damage and intracranial and extracranial complications. Identification of organisms causing CSOM and appropriate antibiotic sensitivity pattern is helpful in the treatment of CSOM and reduce complications. Hence in the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, the knowledge of bacterial organisms causing CSOM and their antimicrobial pattern in that particular area help clinicians in choosing appropriate antibiotics for the empherical treatment of CSOM.
Otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear. 70 samples (male and female) of ear swab were collected from primary school pupils at school Ezzamgbo, Ohaukwu L.G.A. and community primary school Ibii, Afikpo in Afikpo L.G.A. all in Ebonyi State. 67 samples were positive for these organisms. The bacterial pathogens isolated include Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus epidermidis (47.8%) had the highest incidence of occurrence followed by Staphylococcus aureus (31.3%) and Proteus sp (15%) while the least was Staphylococcus epidermidis (20.9%).
Bacteriological Profile of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Mediaat Tertiary Care Health Centre
INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, 2022
Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a disease affecting the middle ear and mastoid cavity, leading to considerable morbidity by causing hearing loss; and even life threatening complications in squamosal type of CSOM, if left untreated over long periods of time. Hence it isimperative to treat the persistent ear discharge in CSOM according to the antibioticssusceptibility of the organismsisolated.Aim:Thisstudy was carried out to examine the current local bacteriological prole ofCSOM and to study the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates.Methods:We carried out a retrospective analysis of earswab culturesfrom 31 unilateral CSOM casesseen at the Ear-Nose-Throat clinics of a referral health institution during a 8 month period ending 2020. Sensitivitiesto seven locally available antibiotics were analyzed.Results:We analyzed 17 earswab culture resultsfrom 31 patients with age ranging from 5 yearto 60 years and a mean 24.87 years. Pseudomonas aeruginosa wasthe...
The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology, 2023
Background Chronic suppurative otitis media is a major cause of hearing impairment and morbidity in poor socioeconomic developing countries. Objectives To determine the prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media in a tertiary care hospital and to analyze its clinico-bacteriological aspects. Methods This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted at the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department in the Renaissance University Hospital in N'Djamena, Chad. All the patients that were diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 were included. Results The hospital prevalence was 6.1%. The sex ratio (male/female) was 1.09. The median age of patients was 28 years with [1 to 74 years]. The median time from the onset of otorrhea to coming for medical consultation was 6 years with [4 months to 42 years]. The main symptom associated with otorrhea was hearing impairment which was in 55.6% of cases (n = 50). Perforations ≥ ¾ of the tympanic membrane surface were noted in 51.3% of cases (n = 60). The tympanic cavity floor was erythematous in 49.6% of cases (n = 58) and erythematous with a discharge in 42.7% of cases (n = 50). There was an association between the size of the perforation and the appearance of the tympanic mucosa (p = 0.003), and between the age of the disease and the side of the ear affected with chronic suppurative otitis media (p = 0.016). The culture positivity rate was 86.1% (n = 31) and with two other microbial cases. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 28.1% of cases (n = 9) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa which was 25% of the cases (n = 8). Conclusion Chronic suppurative otitis media affects both children and adults. Delay in medical consultation to the ENT department is relatively high. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common causes.
Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is an important cause of morbidity in developing countries and a harbinger of many complications, out of which hearing loss; especially in children is a cause for concern. The present study focuses on the causative agents of CSOM and their antibiotic susceptibilities. The patients were found to be more in the first two decades of life (29.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the most common agent (49.7%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (23.8%). The isolates were found to be susceptible to a number of antibiotics, which can be used to prevent the lifelong complications of CSOM. Timely culture and sensitivity helps in the management of these cases.
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
Background: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a common cause of hearing loss and many complications such as meningitis. Many approaches to the treatment of CSOM have been unsatisfactory because CSOM microbiological isolates, as well as their sensitivity patterns, vary from place to place. This study sought to determine the pattern of microbiological isolates of CSOM and the demographic characteristics of patients with CSOM at the University Teaching Hospital, (UTH) and Beit Cure Hospital (BCH) in Lusaka, Zambia. Materials and Methods: The study was a hospital based Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the ENT outpatient clinics of UTH and BCH in Lusaka, Zambia.100 CSOM patients were included in the study. Quantitative data on the participants' demographic details and clinical features were obtained using structured questionnaires. The middle ear discharge was aseptically collected using a sterile cotton swab. In the laboratory, samples were inoculated on agar media to isolate microorganisms and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer method as per CLSI guidelines. Results: From the findings, out of the 100 CSOM patients studied, 33(33%) were children below 18yrs and 67(67%) were adults. 59(59%) of the patients had unilateral CSOM while 41 had bilateral CSOM which gave a total of 141 ears that were analyzed.119(84.4%) had pure cultures, 20(14.2%) had mixed cultures and 2(1.4%) had no growth. Of the 169 microbiological isolates, the most frequent isolates were Proteus mirabilis 49(29.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 32(18.9%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus 18(10.7%) and klebsiella pneumoniae 17(10.1%). High sensitivity rates were revealed to Gentamycin (64-100%), meropenem (68-100%), ceftazidime (85-100%), ceftriaxone (64-80%), and ciprofloxacin (66-88%). High resistance rates were recorded to Amoxicillin-clavulanate (as high as 100%), ampicillin (as high as 100%), tetracycline (as high as 91.2%) and cotrimoxazole (as high as 100%) and penicillin (as high as 100%). Conclusion: The study concluded that Proteus mirabilis was the most dominant microbiological isolate followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The isolated microorganisms had high susceptibility rates to gentamycin, meropenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. There were high resistance rates to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and penicillin.