A simple and efficient method for extraction and quantification of capsaicin from pepper fruits through high performance thin layer chromatography (original) (raw)
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Development of a Rapid HPLC-UV Method for Analysis of Menaquinone-7 in Soy Nutraceutical
Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta, 2016
Among all fermented foods, fermented soybeans (soy nutraceutical) were found wide applications as nutraceutical due to nutritional benefit. The vitamin K2, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is commonly used for preventing osteoporosis and is an important secondary metabolite of soy nutraceutical. A consistent and improved highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of MK-7 in fermented soybean is developed. The analysis was achieved on Lichrospher-100, RP-C 18 (5 μm) column with a dimension 125 mm × 4.0 mm, with detection at 248 nm using a gradient mobile phase mixture of water and methanol (1:1 v/v) acidified to pH 3.0 by orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile with a flow rate of 1.2 mL min-1. Under these conditions, the analysis of MK-7 was achieved in less than 4 min. The retention time was found to be 2.38 min. The calibration curve for MK-7 was linear in the range of 2.5-20 μg mL-1 with R 2 =0.9997. The proposed method was successfully employed for quantification of the MK-7 present in soy nutraceutical.
Vitamin K2 (VK2) is one of two natural forms of vitamin K, necessary for the proper functioning of organisms. Currently, it is sourced from chemical synthesis, nonetheless, it is worth reaching out to its natural sources. The aim of the study was to devise a voltammetric procedure for the determination of vitamin K2 (VK2) produced by bacteria in order to find the strain that exhibits the highest efficiency of VK2 production. Bacillus subtilis, isolated from traditional Japanese food (Nattō), was chosen as a model strain. Employment of the Controlled Growth Mercury Drop Electrode (CGMDE) was crucial, as it is the only electrode that allows performing the measurement on the surface specifically renewed directly before, thus minimizing the influence of interferents. This new method was successfully applied for VK2 determination in supernatant samples. Developed procedure is robust and easily adjustable for the variety of biological matrixes. Strong differences in VK2 production dependi...
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2013
Vitamin K exists in the food supply as phylloquinone, a plant-based form and as menaquinones (MKs), a collection of isoprenologues mostly originating from bacterial synthesis. Although multiple bacterial species used as starter cultures for food fermentations synthesize MK, relatively little is known about the presence and distribution of MK in the food supply and the relative contribution of MK to total dietary vitamin K intake. Dairy products may be a predominant source of dietary MK in many regions of the world, and there is recent interest in enhancing the MK content of dairy products through identification and selection of MK-producing bacteria in dairy fermentations. This interest is increased by emerging evidence that current dietary recommendations based on the classic role of vitamin K as an enzyme cofactor for coagulation proteins may not be optimal for supporting vitamin K requirements in extrahepatic tissues and that MK may have unique bioactivity beyond that as an enzym...
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2000
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of phylloquinone and menaquinones in foods of animal origin is described. The K vitamers were quantified with a fluorescence detector after postcolumn reduction with metallic zinc using K 1(25) as an internal standard. Extraction was done either with 2-propanol-hexane (meat and fish products) or with acid hydrolysis method (dairy products). Prior to quantification, sample extracts were purified by semipreparative HPLC; in addition, the fats of cheese and rainbow trout samples were removed with lipase hydrolysis. By this method the phylloquinone and menaquinones (MK-4 to MK-10) present in a few representative samples of different animal food groups were determined. HPLC-MS was used to confirm the identification of K vitamers. Long-chain menaquinones were found from bovine and pig livers as well as from various cheeses. The total vitamin K contents calculated as the sum of quantified K vitamers were in general low (mean content 10-100 ng/g); the highest amount was analyzed in chicken meat (600 ng/g).
Exploration of potent soil bacteria for Menaquinone-7 production
2016
The present study aimed to isolate and screen the bacteria from soil origin for the production of Menaquinone-7 (MK-7). In this approach, a total of 140 bacteria were isolated from the soil samples collected from different fields of Gulbarga region, Karnataka, India. Further, all the bacterial isolates were investigated for MK-7 production under submerged fermentation. A total of 60 isolates were found to produce MK-7. The productivity of MK-7 by these isolates were qualitatively analyzed and identified by TLC. The quantitative estimation of MK-7 by these isolates revealed that, the isolates viz. KLSG-9, KLSG-10, KLSG-5, KLSG-1 and KLSG-11 were noticed with the good yield. Amongst these five isolates, comparatively the isolate KLSG-9 was found to be the highest MK-7 producer with the yield of 48 mg/l. © 2016 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
Synthesis of Naphthoquinone Derivatives: Menaquinones, Lipoquinones and Other Vitamin K Derivatives
Molecules, 2020
Menaquinones are a class of isoprenoid molecules that have important roles in human biology and bacterial electron transport, and multiple methods have been developed for their synthesis. These compounds consist of a methylnaphthoquinone (MK) unit and an isoprene side chain, such as found in vitamin K1 (phylloquinone), K2, and other lipoquinones. The most common naturally occurring menaquinones contain multiple isoprene units and are very hydrophobic, rendering it difficult to evaluate the biological activity of these compounds in aqueous assays. One way to overcome this challenge has been the application of truncated MK-derivatives for their moderate solubility in water. The synthesis of such derivatives has been dominated by Friedel-Crafts alkylation with BF3∙OEt2. This attractive method occurs over two steps from commercially available starting materials, but it generally produces low yields and a mixture of isomers. In this review, we summarize reported syntheses of both truncat...
BMC Microbiology, 2021
Background Menaquinones are constituents of prokaryote cell membranes where they play important functions during electron transport. Menaquinone profiles are strongly recommended for species classification when proposing a new Actinomycetes taxon. Presently, the most widely used methods to determine menaquinones are based on freeze-dried cells. Taxonomic research in our lab has revealed that menaquinone concentrations are low for some species of the genus Microbacterium, leading to difficulties in identifying menaquinones. Results Menaquinones extracted using the novel lysozyme-chloroform-methanol (LCM) method were comparable in quality to those obtained using the Collins method, the most widely used method. All tested strains extracted via the LCM method showed higher concentrations of menaquinones than those extracted via the Collins method. For some Microbacterium strains, the LCM method exhibited higher sensitivity than the Collins method, and more trace menaquinones were detect...
Safety assessment of menaquinone-7 for use in human nutrition
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 2014
Vitamin K occurs widely in foods and has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, as well as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiosteoporosis properties. A previous study indicates that long-chain menaquinone-7 may be more bioavailable than vitamin K and short-chain menaquinones. In the present study, acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxicity assays were carried out to evaluate the safety of oral menaquinone-7 in albino Wistar rats. Oral administration of menaquinone-7, at a concentration of 2000 mg/kg, did not cause toxic symptoms in either male or female rats. A subacute toxicity study also proved the safety and tolerance of prolonged treatment (for 90 days) with menaquinone-7 in rats, as evidenced by biochemical, hematological, and urine parameters as well as by histopathological analysis. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity studies were performed by comet, micronucleus, and Ames tests on Salmonella typhimurium strains, which showed cellular safety and nonmutagenicity of menaquinone-7. The results indicate the safety of menaquinone-7 for human consumption.
PeerJ
A novel application of the liquid chromatography method combined with the triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the quantification of vitamin K1 and two forms of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-4, menaquinone-7) in human serum. Total chromatography time for each run was 9 min. Time required for the sample pretreatment procedures was approximately 4 h. The coefficients of variation (CVs) of intra-assay were 10.4%, 3.2 % and 2.3% for vitamin K1 in three levels of quality control samples; were 14.3%, 3.2% and 6.7% for menaquinone-4; and were 11.1%, 6.0% and 7.0% for menaquinone-7. The inter-assay CVs were 12.8%, 11.3% and 7.4% for vitamin K1; were 15.2%, 9.2% and 8.7% for menaquinone-4; and were 13.2%,11.1% and 7.2% for menaquinone-7. No interference was found between K1, menaquinone-4 and menaquinone-7, nor any deuterated internal standards. This method was then used to determine reference values for Caucasian populations of central European origin. Samples were ...
Microbiology, 1983
Menaquinone-6 (2-methyl-3-farnesyl-farnesyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and a methyl-substituted menaquinone-6 (2,[5 or 8]-dimethyl-3-farnesyl-famesyl-l,4-naphthoquinone) were the major isoprenoid quinones found in membrane preparations of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. By reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and t hin-lay er chromatography (TLC) the faster-elu t ing menaquinone-6 co-c hromatograp hed with a menaquinone-6 standard. The identity of menaquinone-6 was confirmed by UV spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The slower-eluting methyl-substituted menaquinone-6 co-chromatographed with a menaquinone-7 standard by reverse-phase TLC but eluted between menaquinone-6 and menaquinone-7 standards by HPLC. The UV spectrum of the methyl-substituted menaquinone-6 did not correlate with either authentic menaquinone or demethylmenaquinone. Mass spectra showed an increase of 14 mass units when compared to menaquinone-6, and indicated that a methyl substituent was on the naphthoquinone nucleus. NMR spectra confirmed the presence of a methyl substituent at a peri position (carbon-5 or-8) on the benzenoid ring.