Design Theory of Compact Power Divider with Reconfigurable Power Division and Negative Group Delay Characteristics (original) (raw)
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IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation
Novel balanced-to-unbalanced power divider (BUPD) is introduced for arbitrary power division ratios and for arbitrary real termination impedances. It consists of one 180° transmission-line section (TL), two different 90° TLs and one isolation circuit comprising two different resistances and two different 90° TLs. Due to the arbitrary termination impedances, the conventional ways for the even-and odd-mode excitation analyses are impossible, requiring a new design method. Under the assumption of the perfect isolation between two output ports, the BUPD can be divided into two, based on which the design formulas for the characteristic impedances of all the TLs can be successfully derived. Then, the scattering parameters are inversely derived, which is quite different from the conventional ways where the design formulas are derived based on the scattering parameters. For the verification of the suggested theory, one prototype for the power division ratio of 5 dB and for the termination impedances of 60, 40 and 50 Ω is tested. The measured frequency responses are in good agreement with the predicted ones.
International Journal of Rf and Microwave Computer-aided Engineering, 2019
An exact closed-form design approach for a generalized high-power n-way Gysel power divider is proposed. The power divider could be designed to achieve an arbitrary power ratio with the flexible multiway application, arbitrary real terminated impedance, excellent isolation, and easy fabrication through both planar and threedimensional structures. Moreover, this improved power divider could maintain high power processing capacity through the coaxial cavity transmission line and grounding resistances. The exact analytical solutions related to ideal port matching and high isolation are obtained based on the circuit and transmission-line theory. To verify the proposed approach, a compact 3-way coaxial power divider with a pre-designed power ratio of 1:1.5:2 and four different real terminated impedances of 50, 55, 60, and 65 Ω is designed and fabricated. Excellent agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured results. Measurements from 4.7 to 5.7 GHz show that the return losses of all input and output ports are better than 15 dB. The maximum insertion loss is 0.5 dB, and the phase imbalance is approximately less than 6.1. In addition, the isolation between any two output ports is better than 23 dB from 4.5 to 6 GHz. Meanwhile, the power handling capability can reach the maximum power of the commercial 50 Ω SMA connectors (2.098 kW). K E Y W O R D S arbitrary power division, arbitrary real terminated impedances, excellent isolation, generalized n-way Gysel power divider, high power 1 | INTRODUCTION As a hot field of industrial electronics, lots of research on high-performance RF/microwave devices have been performed. 1-4 Among these devices, the power divider (PD) undoubtedly plays a fundamental role in the wireless industrial-electronics systems. With the continuous upgrading of wireless industrialelectronics communication and controlling systems, the demand for multi-function PDs is growing. These multi-function PDs have a multi-band application, 5 isolation bandwidth improvement, 6 arbitrary power ratio, 7 multi-way transmission, 8 and so on.
IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2017
A planar asymmetrical miniaturized circuit based on composite left-and right-handed transmission lines (CLRHTLs) is proposed to design a new balanced-tosingle-ended (BTSE) power divider (PD) in this letter. The CLRHTLs are used to realize circuit miniaturization and positive-phase response. Conversion between the mixed-mode scattering parameters and the standard scattering parameters, and circuit analytical methods are discussed to realize the equal power division in phase from one differential input to two SE outputs. To verify the correctness of the proposed theory, a practical BTSE PD, which operates at 0.95 GHz, is designed and fabricated. The measured relative bandwidth is 26.3%, and the final circuit size is only 0.021 λ 2 g. Index Terms-Balanced, miniaturization, power divider (PD).
Generalized Symmetrical 3 dB Power Dividers With Complex Termination Impedances
IEEE Access
The paper introduces a class of two-way, 3 dB narrowband power dividers (combiners), closed on complex termination impedances, that generalizes a number of topologies presented during past years as extensions of the traditional Wilkinson design. Adopting even-odd mode analysis, we demonstrate that, under very broad assumptions, any axially symmetric reactive 3-port can be designed to operate as a 3 dB two-way power divider, by connecting a properly designed isolation impedance across two symmetrically but arbitrarily located additional ports. We show that this isolation element can be evaluated by a single input impedance or admittance CAD simulation or measurement; moreover, an explicit expression is given for the isolation impedance. The theory is shown to lead to the same design as for already presented generalizations of the Wilkinson divider; further validation is provided through both simulated and experimental case studies, and an application of the theory to the design of broadband or multi-band couplers is suggested. INDEX TERMS Power dividers, Wilkinson, hybrid. ANNA PIACIBELLO (Member, IEEE) was born in Chivasso, Italy, in 1991. She received the bachelor's and master's degrees in electronic engineering and the Ph.D. degree (cum laude) in electrical, electronics and communication engineering from the
Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2008
In this letter, a reconfigurable un‐equal division two‐way power divider with the compact size is presented for high efficiency power amplifiers. It is based on the Wilkinson power divider of which the quarter‐wave long lines are replaced by coupled lines. Two ends of each coupled line are terminated with switches which provide the two modes of operation, or two‐way power divider and one‐way transmission line. These switches are used to adjust the characteristics of the coupled line in order to allow the good insertion and return loss performance in both modes. At the design frequency of 2.14 GHz, the fabricated 1:2 power divider showed the input return loss (S11) of −23.0 dB, isolation (S32) of −27.2 dB, and insertion loss of −5.05 dB (S21) and −2.25 dB (S31) in the power divider mode. The insertion loss (S21) was measured to be −0.90 dB with the return loss (S11) of −21.1 dB in the power transmission mode. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1662–1665, 20...
Radioengineering, 2018
In this paper, a Wilkinson power divider is modified using four-series delta-stub and folded steppedimpedance transmission line (FSITL) in order to achieve a reduced circuit size of 84% and fractional bandwidth of 116%. Series delta-stubs are used instead of open shunt stubs to obtain an optimum shifting frequency and wider bandwidth. Folded stepped-impedance transmission line (FSITL) is used to achieve reduced circuit size. The proposed power divider is fabricated using RT/duroid 5880 substrate with thickness of 0.38 mm. The dimension of the power divider is 13 mm × 6.5 mm. The proposed power divider has typical power division of-3 dB and insertion loss less than-1 dB, better than-13 dB of isolation, less than-10 dB return loss and phase imbalances less than 2° from 1.5 to 3 GHz. Both simulation and measurement results show a good agreement.
A Wideband Balanced-to-Unbalanced Coupled-Line Power Divider
IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2016
A compact wideband balanced-to-unbalanced (BTU) out-of-phase power divider (PD) is proposed in this letter. This novel circuit essentially consists of three pairs of cascaded coupled lines and a grounded resistor for output isolation. By using the even-(odd-) mode method analysis and the traditional transmission-line theory, closed-form design equations for equal power division with out of phase from one differential input to two unbalanced outputs, high output isolation and good commonmode suppression are obtained, simultaneously. In addition, an experimental PD is designed and fabricated. The good performance and the consistency between the simulated and measured results verify our design theory.
Narrow-band power dividers with wide range tunable power-dividing ratio
Scientific Reports
This paper presents two narrow-band power dividers with a wide range power-dividing ratio based on the two new controlling insertion loss methods, which are low-impedance line and coupling capacitor. Initially, a narrow-band BPF is designed based on the equivalent circuit model and LC equivalent circuit. Then, using the surface current density, it is determined by which part of BPF structure the insertion loss (IL) can be controlled at center frequency. The tunable Wilkinson power dividers (TWPDs) are designed based on IL control components to create a wide range of power-dividing ratios, using only two DC voltages. The center frequency of first designed TWPD is 2.5 GHz, and the power-dividing ratio can be controlled up to 1:45 by variation of two DC voltages from 0 to 8 V. Since the structure of TWPDs are symmetric, the inverse voltages results in the inverted divided power between the output ports. The center frequency of second designed TWPD is 2.52 GHz, and power-dividing ratio ...
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2013
This paper describes a new Wilkinson power divider on a single-layer microstrip line that can reduce the occupied area, suppress the harmonic components, and/or provide the arbitrary power division ratios. It consists of two-section transmission lines, two inductors, and one isolation resistor. Four different designs have been conducted to investigate the capabilities of the structure. In addition, a compact divider along with harmonic suppression and a practical divider with a large power-dividing ratio has been constructed and measured. The simulation and measurement results are in good agreement with each other. This indicates that the structure can effectively be used as a power divider for miniaturized or arbitrary power division ratio applications. Index Terms-Compact power divider, harmonic suppression, unequal power divider, Wilkinson power divider. I. INTRODUCTION T HE performance of lots of microwave subsystems, such as power amplifiers, mixers, linearizers, and frequency multipliers, depend on the proper functionality of power combiners or splitters. The conventional equal and unequal Wilkinson power dividers consist of two quarter-wavelength lines with the same and different characteristic impedances, respectively, at the designed frequency [1]. Therefore, they have large sizes, especially at low frequencies and are limited to the low power division ratios (up to 1:4). Due to the very high impedance transmission lines, they cannot be implemented in practice [10]-[15]. There is extensive research on compact or realizable high ratio unequal dividers. Capacitive loading of the quarter-wave transmission lines [2] and slow-wave loading using-type coupled lines [3], electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) cells [4], [5], defected ground structure (DGS) [6], or high-low impedance resonator cells [7], [9] are recent techniques that were used to design compact power dividers. Recently, a Wilkinson power divider with arbitrary power division ratios