Preparation of type 4A zeolite from Iraqi kaolin: Characterization and properties measurements (original) (raw)
Feasibility Study for Production of Zeolite A based on Kaolin
E3S Web of Conferences, 2018
In industry, kaolin is widely employed as an additive to paper, rubber and ceramics, among other uses, and can be synthesized into zeolite. Zeolites have been hydrothermally synthesized using alumina and silica based on deposits (kaolin) sampled from region in Bangka- Belitung. The synthesis of Zeolite A based on kaolin through several process stages such as drying, grinding and sieving prior to the hydrothermal process. It is then calcined into metakaolin, followed by the addition of NaOH solution, heating, filtration and washing to obtain the synthesis. This study examines how assessment models can be built and used for financial, technical, and marketing feasibility analysis of synthesized Zeolite A from kaolin. A new optimization method used to estimate financing requirements of investment products is presented, as well as a new method to predict the optimal year to sell the product. The conclusion is that Net Present Value with a positive value, Pay Back Period, Internal Rate o...
Nanochemistry Research, 2023
Zeolite A was synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal transformation of kaolin. The kaolin was first transformed to meta kaolin by calcination at 600OC, then treated with 3M NaOH solution (1:5 ration) in a stainless-steel autoclave with a teflon liner. The mixture was heated to 121°C for 2h to insert the sodium ions into the metakaolin structure. The treated kaolin clay was washed three times with deionized water to remove the excess unreacted NaOH, filtered and dried in an oven at 100°C overnight. Different analytical techniques were used to characterize the synthesized Zeolite A and the individual zeolie/metal oxide nanocomposites including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Furrier transform infrared (FTIR), and Brunnuer Emmett teller (BET) analysis. FTIR confirmed the presence of Si-O, Si-Al, Al-O, and metal oxygen bonds. SEM/EDX revealed a cubic morphology with some bigger particles that are mono dispersed and partially spherical, along with different compositions of the elements present. XRD showed a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with 25.73 nm lattice, while XRF confirmed the presence of SiO2, Al2O3 as well as with different major and trace metal oxides. The BET analysis showed 3.9457 and 4.3044 (m2/g), 0.6032 and 0.5598 (cm3/g), 603.087 and 617.503(Ǻ) for both the kaolin clay and the synthesized zeolite A, respectively. The results of this synthesis route demonstrate that Zeolite A was successfully synthesized.
2020
The synthesis of zeolite materials by hydrothermal transformation of kaolin using a conventional hydrothermal method was investigated. Different analytical techniques were used to characterize the starting kaolin and produced zeolite A samples, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The synthetic zeolite type A was obtained after activation of kaolin and metakaolin followed by different thermal and chemical treatments. The metakaolinization phase was achieved by calcining the kaolin in air at 600°C for 3 hours, a much lower temperature than previously reported in the literature. Metakaolin was treated with 3 M sodium hydroxide solution at a ratio of 1:5 and, using stainless steel autoclaves with teflon liners, heated the mixture to 200°C in a microwave for 24 hours. The results from this synthesis route...
Synthesis of Zeolite A employing Amazon kaolin waste
Cerâmica, 2015
The synthesis of zeolite A employing kaolin waste from paper coating was studied. The kaolin waste was pre-treated at 550 to 800 °C. For comparison purposes, a sample of zeolite A was also prepared using the IZA procedure. The materials were characterized by 27Al MAS NMR, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy using a microprobe. Pretreatment was necessary, and the best temperatures were between 600 and 700 °C. The zeolite A formation was observed in all the prepared materials, reaching 52% crystallinity. On the other hand, the sodalite phase and amorphous materials were also formed.
Synthesis of Zeolite from Kaolin Clay from Erusu Akoko Southwestern
Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria, 2018
Nigeria is blessed with abundant kaolin clay and solid mineral deposits scattered in various parts of the country, yet the country solely depends on imported zeolite as commercial adsorbent for wastewater treatment, catalyst for the petroleum industry and other applications. This work describes the development of a process to produce zeolite from clay mineral.The beneficiated kaolin clay was converted to metakaolin at 600oC, and then leached with sulphuric acid to achieve the required silica-alumina ratio for zeolite synthesis. An alkaline fusion stage was then carried-out to transform the metakaolin into zeolite. Identification of the crystalline phase by X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed that it consists of both zeolite X and Y. Infrared spectra analysis confirmed the presence of zeolite framework structure. Transmission electron microscopy, surface area and pore volume of the synthesized zeolite were examined and the results from all the analysis confirmed that zeolite can be pro...
Zeolite P from kaolin via hydrothermal method
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2018
Zeolite P has been successfully synthesized from natural kaolin via two step hydrothermal process. The natural kaolin from Lampang, Thailand was studied for this research. In first hydrothermal, kaolin was mixed with sodium hydroxide solution at 200 o C for different reaction times from 3-5 hours, respectively .Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were added into the mixture to adjust their pH before they were formed into gel. Second hydrothermal process, the gel was kept of 90 o C for 3 days to obtain zeolite P. Synthesized zeolite P was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for identification the type and crystallization. Besides, the morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy)SEM.(The functional group was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From this study, it was found that the increasing of reaction time in first hydrothermal activation and hydrochloric acid concentration lead to the high quality of zeolite P
Synthesis of Zeolite Y from Kaolin via hydrothermal method
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019
ZeoliteY has been successfully synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal method with kaolin from Lampang province as a precursor. For the first hydrothermal, kaolin with an addition of sodium silicate (NaSi 3 O 7) or tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was mixed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and autoclaved for 200 o C at different reaction times for 6 , 8 and 10 h, respectively. Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were added into the compound mixture to adjust its pH before it was formed into gel. After a second time hydrothermal at 90°C for 2 days, the solid product was filtered out, washed by deionized water and dried overnight. The zeolite was then characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) to identify type and crystallization, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify its functional group and N 2 adsorption to study the adsorption/desorption isotherm and pore distribution. From N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, it is revealed that the zeolite obtained by this method have 571 m 2 /g surface area and pore size distribution around 4.89 nm.
Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2012
The synthesis of adsorbing zeolite materials requires fine control of the processing variables. There are distinct process variable settings for obtaining specific desired types of zeolites. The intent of this study was to obtain 4A zeolites from kaolin in order to obtain 5A zeolites through ionic exchange with the previously synthesized zeolite. This zeolite 5A was used as an adsorbent for arsenic ions. The results obtained were satisfactory.
Hydrothermal syntheses of zeolite N from kaolin
Applied Clay Science, 2012
Zeolite N, an EDI type framework structure with ideal chemical formula K 12 Al 10 Si 10 O 40 Cl 2 ·5H 2 O, was produced from kaolin between 100°C and 200°C in a continuously stirred reactor using potassic and potassic + sodic liquors containing a range of anions. Reactions using liquors such as KOH, KOH + KX (where X = F, Cl, Br, I, NO 3 , NO 2 ), K 2 X (where X = CO 3 ), KOH + NaCl or NaOH+ KCl were complete (>95% product) in less than 2 h depending on the batch composition and temperature of reaction. With KOH and KCl in the reaction mixture and H 2 O/Al 2 O 3~4 9, zeolite N was formed over a range of concentrations (1 M b [KOH] b 18 M) and reaction times (0.5 h b t b 60 h). At higher temperatures or higher KOH molarity, other potassic phases such as kalsilite or kaliophyllite formed. In general, temperature and KOH molarity defined the extent of zeolite N formation under these conditions. The introduction of sodic reagents to the starting mixture or use of one potassic reagent in the starting mixture reduced the stability field for zeolite N formation. Zeolite N was also formed using zeolite 4A as a source of Al and Si albeit for longer reaction times at a particular temperature when compared with kaolin as the source material.
Adsorption of CO 2 on Zeolite 13X Prepared from Modified Natural Iranian Kaolin
Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment, 2016
Synthesis of zeolite 13X from modified natural Iranian kaolin at 65˚C for 72 h at various concentration of NaOH solution was investigated. Metakaolinization process was done at 900˚C for 2 h. NaOH solution with different concentrations, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4 M were separately mixed with metakaolins. A mixture of zeolite 13X, A, quartz and hydroxysodalite (HS) was obtained. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The prepared zeolite 13X has been used to study the adsorption of carbon dioxide, and the results are compared with commercial zeolite 13X.