Preparation of type 4A zeolite from Iraqi kaolin: Characterization and properties measurements (original) (raw)
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A method for converting natural Jordanian kaolin without thermal pre-activation into a synthetic zeolitic molecular sieve, known as zeolite A, is presented. All previous efforts to convert the kaolin into zeolite A have involved the use of high temperature or expensive minerals or organic acids. Natural Jordanian kaolin and citric acid were used under these conditions for the first time and reaction parameters were optimized. In this approach, an optimized low temperature zeolite synthesis process is performed for production of zeolite A of suitable quality at interesting commercial conditions. The process comprises direct alkaline conversion of natural kaolin into hydroxysodalite, subsequent to dissolving the hydroxysodalite in a dilute acid, prior to
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Zeolites are microporous materials that nd a lot of applications in today's world due to their different properties. In this research, the effect of different calcination temperatures (700oC and 900oC) and acid leaching (7% and 15% dilution) on zeolite-X crystals has been investigated using the hydrothermal method. The results from the different sample characterization show that the SiO2/Al2O3ratio is approximately 5.6 while the Infrared spectra indicate that Zeolite-X was produced with slight shifts in the wavenumbers. The diffraction patterns show that in addition to the formation of zeolite-X crystals, other phases were also obtained. The thermal analysis indicates that the zeolite is stable below 500oC. Thermogravimetric study shows that after about 200oC, only about 13% of the mass was lost. The differential thermal analyzer indicates that the samples followed the same trend until a temperature of 300oC where the samples calcined at 700oC had a positive heat loss while the samples calcined at 900oC had a negative heat loss. The BET analyses show that the zeolite from samples calcined at 700oC had lower adsorptiondesorption isotherms compared to those at 900oC. The pore volume and sizes of the former were also lower than those of the latter. These results have shown that leached kaolin is effective in producing zeolite-X samples.
Influence of Metakaolinization Temperature on the Formation of Zeolite 4A from Kaolin
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Kaolin has been used as an alternative cheap raw material for the synthesis of zeolite 4A. Two steps are involved in the reaction: (1) dehydroxylation of kaolin at 550–900°C to form an activated X-ray amorphous material called metakaolin; (2) hydrothermal treatment of metakaolin with aqueous alkali to form the zeolite. The inherent colouring impurities in kaolin, especially the Fe minerals, affect the brightness of metakaolin and the resultant zeolite. The dehydroxylation temperature is found to have a significant influence on the kinetics of zeolite formation as well as on the brightness of zeolite. The present investigation deals with the preparation of metakaolins from a good quality kaolin at different temperatures and their characterization by XRD, IR, TGA, MAS NMR and brightness measurements. Hydrothermal reactions of these metakaolins with aqueous alkali have been conducted. The residual Fe in the mother liquor has been estimated. The improvement in brightness and change in r...
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E3S Web of Conferences, 2018
In industry, kaolin is widely employed as an additive to paper, rubber and ceramics, among other uses, and can be synthesized into zeolite. Zeolites have been hydrothermally synthesized using alumina and silica based on deposits (kaolin) sampled from region in Bangka- Belitung. The synthesis of Zeolite A based on kaolin through several process stages such as drying, grinding and sieving prior to the hydrothermal process. It is then calcined into metakaolin, followed by the addition of NaOH solution, heating, filtration and washing to obtain the synthesis. This study examines how assessment models can be built and used for financial, technical, and marketing feasibility analysis of synthesized Zeolite A from kaolin. A new optimization method used to estimate financing requirements of investment products is presented, as well as a new method to predict the optimal year to sell the product. The conclusion is that Net Present Value with a positive value, Pay Back Period, Internal Rate o...
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Zeolite A was synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal transformation of kaolin. The kaolin was first transformed to meta kaolin by calcination at 600OC, then treated with 3M NaOH solution (1:5 ration) in a stainless-steel autoclave with a teflon liner. The mixture was heated to 121°C for 2h to insert the sodium ions into the metakaolin structure. The treated kaolin clay was washed three times with deionized water to remove the excess unreacted NaOH, filtered and dried in an oven at 100°C overnight. Different analytical techniques were used to characterize the synthesized Zeolite A and the individual zeolie/metal oxide nanocomposites including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Furrier transform infrared (FTIR), and Brunnuer Emmett teller (BET) analysis. FTIR confirmed the presence of Si-O, Si-Al, Al-O, and metal oxygen bonds. SEM/EDX revealed a cubic morphology with some bigger particles that are mono dispersed and partially spherical, along with different compositions of the elements present. XRD showed a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with 25.73 nm lattice, while XRF confirmed the presence of SiO2, Al2O3 as well as with different major and trace metal oxides. The BET analysis showed 3.9457 and 4.3044 (m2/g), 0.6032 and 0.5598 (cm3/g), 603.087 and 617.503(Ǻ) for both the kaolin clay and the synthesized zeolite A, respectively. The results of this synthesis route demonstrate that Zeolite A was successfully synthesized.
2020
The synthesis of zeolite materials by hydrothermal transformation of kaolin using a conventional hydrothermal method was investigated. Different analytical techniques were used to characterize the starting kaolin and produced zeolite A samples, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The synthetic zeolite type A was obtained after activation of kaolin and metakaolin followed by different thermal and chemical treatments. The metakaolinization phase was achieved by calcining the kaolin in air at 600°C for 3 hours, a much lower temperature than previously reported in the literature. Metakaolin was treated with 3 M sodium hydroxide solution at a ratio of 1:5 and, using stainless steel autoclaves with teflon liners, heated the mixture to 200°C in a microwave for 24 hours. The results from this synthesis route...
Synthesis of Zeolite A employing Amazon kaolin waste
Cerâmica, 2015
The synthesis of zeolite A employing kaolin waste from paper coating was studied. The kaolin waste was pre-treated at 550 to 800 °C. For comparison purposes, a sample of zeolite A was also prepared using the IZA procedure. The materials were characterized by 27Al MAS NMR, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy using a microprobe. Pretreatment was necessary, and the best temperatures were between 600 and 700 °C. The zeolite A formation was observed in all the prepared materials, reaching 52% crystallinity. On the other hand, the sodalite phase and amorphous materials were also formed.
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Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria, 2018
Nigeria is blessed with abundant kaolin clay and solid mineral deposits scattered in various parts of the country, yet the country solely depends on imported zeolite as commercial adsorbent for wastewater treatment, catalyst for the petroleum industry and other applications. This work describes the development of a process to produce zeolite from clay mineral.The beneficiated kaolin clay was converted to metakaolin at 600oC, and then leached with sulphuric acid to achieve the required silica-alumina ratio for zeolite synthesis. An alkaline fusion stage was then carried-out to transform the metakaolin into zeolite. Identification of the crystalline phase by X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed that it consists of both zeolite X and Y. Infrared spectra analysis confirmed the presence of zeolite framework structure. Transmission electron microscopy, surface area and pore volume of the synthesized zeolite were examined and the results from all the analysis confirmed that zeolite can be pro...