Differences in infectivity and pathogenicity of two Plantago asiatica mosaic virus isolates in lilies (original) (raw)
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Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2017
Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) was detected in Costa Rica infecting lily plants showing foliar chlorotic and necrotic streaking. Virus identity was established by TEM, sequencing and ELISA. Pathogenicity was confirmed on Nicotiana benthamiana by mechanical inoculation, and PlAMV was detected by ELISA and RT-PCR. Keywords Potexvirus. ELISA. RT-PCR. PlAMV. International trade of infected plants. Emerging viral disease Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) (genus Potexvirus; family Alphaflexiviridae; order Tymovirales) infects lily plants (Lilium spp.) among other hosts (Komatsu et al. 2017).
First Report of the Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) Incidence on Lilium sp. in Hungary
Plant Disease, 2015
Rehmannia glutinosa (family Scrophulariaceae) is a widely used traditional medicinal plant. In Korea, the area under the cultivation of this plant, as well as its production, has gradually increased because of its medicinal properties. R. glutinosa is conventionally propagated using its tuberous roots rather than its seeds, which have poor viability and low propagation rate. However, vegetative propagation is vulnerable to the accumulation of viruses over subsequent generations. Viral diseases cause significant loss of yield and deterioration of quality in R. glutinosa (Ling and Liu, 2009). In 2010, three R. glutinosa plants showing viruslike symptoms, namely chlorotic and necrotic local spots, vein necrosis and mosaic on the leaves, and stunting, were collected from a greenhouse in the Hwasun area of Korea. Electron microscopy and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses indicated that these plants were infected with three different virus species, Broad bean wilt virus 2
Identification, detection and frequency of lily viruses in Northern India
Scientia Horticulturae, 2005
In a survey of lily growing fields in various parts of Himachal Pradesh, India, three viruses, Cucumber mosaic (CMV), Lily symptomless (LSV) and Lily mottle virus (LMoV) lily strain, were found quite prevalent in Asiatic (12 cultivars) and Oriental hybrids (4 cultivars) of lily, Lilium longiflorum and L. tigrinum. Apart from these viruses, Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) was also found to infect Oriental hybrid lily. The disease incidence on the basis of symptoms observed ranged between minimum (40.7%) in cv. Alaska and maximum (83.7%) in cv. America, both Asiatic hybrid lily types. These viruses were indexed by testing outer and inner scales of bulbs and the leaves at early and flowering stages using ELISA and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Mechanical and insect transmission, purification, electron microscopy and sequencing of the PCR fragments were carried out for these viruses. Cloning and sequence analysis confirmed the viruses as CMV-subgroup II, LSVand LMoV. There were 96-98% nucleotide and 93-97% amino acid homology with CMV subgroup II sequences, 97-99% nucleotide and 91-92% amino acid homology with LSV sequences and 92-99% nucleotide and 85-98% amino acid homology with LMoV sequences. #
Advances in horticultural science, 2016
In order to evaluate the health status of Calla and Peruvian lily in Tuscan nurseries, 18 viruses belonging to six families and one unassigned virus were assayed. Tests were carried out on 90 Zantedeschia aethiopica plants and 48 Alstroemeria spp. plants collected from 12 Tuscan nurseries in two years, via RT-PCR tests. Z. aethiopica was mainly affected by viruses belonging to the Potyviridae family, with the main infection caused by Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV) and Zantedeschia mild mosaic virus (ZaMMV). Even if Alstroemeria spp. plants were affected by Potyviridae family viruses too, higher infection rates were recorded for Betaflexiviridae , where Lily symptomless virus infected more than half of plants. This is the first known report of Lily mottle virus (LMoV) in Alstroemeria spp. and Z. aethiopica or ZaMMV in Alstroemeria spp. in Italy.
Variability in the coat protein of Lily symptomless virus isolates infecting various lily species
Plant pathology, 2005
The coat protein sequences were characterized of Lily symptomless virus (LSV) isolates infecting Lilium longiflorum , Lilium tigrinum , Hymenocalis littoralis (spider lily) and Asiatic and Oriental hybrid lilies in India. The Indian isolates showed 78 -96% homology with each other. With LSV isolates from elsewhere in the world, the Indian isolates showed 83 -98% homology. The LSV-L ( L. longiflorum ) and LSV-A (Asiatic hybrid) isolates had unique stretches in the middle portion of the protein not found in other LSV isolates, even the Indian ones. The LSV gene sequence from the spider lily isolate (LSV-S) was reported for the first time outside the Liliaceae. LSV-S was 84 -96% similar to the other Indian isolates at the protein level. The isolate infecting tiger lily (LSV-T) was found to be different from the characterized isolates from elsewhere in the world (78 -84% homology at the protein level). At the same time, LSV-T showed much variability in the C-terminal of the protein. A stretch of 41 amino acids in the C-terminal was unique to this isolate. LSV-T is proposed as a distinct isolate of LSV infecting L. tigrinum indigenous to India.
Detection of Viruses Infecting Lilium Spp. By RT-PCR and Real-Time PCR
XI International Symposium on Flower Bulbs and Herbaceous Perennials, 2013
In order to enhance the Italian lily bulb production, a breeding program was carried out at CRA-VIV in Pescia (PT-Italy) during the last years. Asiatic hybrids (Lilium × elegans Thunb.), lily cultivars and other native species were involved in the program. The obtained lily lines, which presented interesting traits, were preserved in a collection. After years of vegetative propagation, some of the new selections showed symptoms referable to viral infections. Virus diseases represent some of the most dangerous threats of Lilium, so the application of fast and effective diagnostic techniques for early detection is very important. The aim of the present study, in the frame of a phytosanitary survey of the lily collection, is to investigate the presence and incidence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Lilium symptomless virus (LSV), Lily mottle virus (LMoV) and two tospoviruses (Impatiens necrotic spot virus, INSV, and Tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV). Among the 60 samples object of this study, infections by LSV and CMV were frequently observed. Also LMoV was detected in a smaller amount of samples. All of the samples were negative to INSV and TSWV.
Virus Detection and Propagation of Virus-Free Bulbs from Selected Progenies of Pollenless Lilies
Acta Horticulturae, 2011
In Italian floriculture lilies have become the most important cut flower crop in the last 30 years. More than one hundred million lily bulbs are imported from abroad each year. The availability of Italian cultivars has become an important objective in the national production of lilies as cut flowers. The aim of this research was to develop a fast and effective RT-PCR protocol to identify the species of virus in pollenless Asiatic hybrid lilies. Lily symptomless virus (LSV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are two of the most common viruses that decrease plant growth, vigour and cut flower quality. Bulbs of Asiatic hybrids bred at CRA-VIV ('409', '599', '20', '00158', '0045', '0097', '0035', '00136', '216', '505'), with good commercial and agronomic characteristics were propagated in vitro. New bulblets were obtained and subjected to molecular analysis by RT-PCR. In order to produce virus-free plants, a protocol was established combining repeated shoot tip meristem excision and tissue culture before and during thermotherapy applied to bulblets in vitro. Shoot meristems were excised and micropropagated. Thermotherapy at 35°C with different exposure times were tested on the growth of bulblets in vitro. A second meristem was then cut from the heat-treated material. Leaf tissues from bulblets formed before or after heat treatments were analyzed by RT-PCR reactions. Virus-free plants resulting from a second meristem cut were grown in vitro and acclimatized in greenhouses.
Phytoparasitica, 1996
The recent past has seen little diminution in the damage caused to crops by viruses. Improved control of some virus diseases is counterbalanced by the increased prevalence of others, fueled in part by international movement of plant material and increased resistance of vectors to pesticides. In contrast, the science of plant virology has advanced rapidly. This progress is illustrated by research on geminiviruses, which are the causes of several recent devastating disease epidemics. Although the circular single-stranded DNA genomes of geminiviruses were not characterized until 1977, the number now completely sequenced exceeds that for any other plant virus family. The origin of DNA replication has been identified recently, functions of the replication-associated protein (AL1) have been demonstrated, and the roles of proteins BL1 and BR1 in transport of viral DNA between nucleus and cytoplasm, and from cell-to-cell, were discovered. The first evidence of distortion of plant nuclear activity is provided by the virus-induced accumulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in differentiated cells. Analyses of nucleotide sequences and epitope profiles of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses have indicated that they evolved differently in different continents, independently of host range. They have also become differentially adapted for transmission by various Bemisia tabaci biotypes occurring in diverse geographical areas.
Occurrence and molecular analysis of quarantine virus in lily cultivation areas in Brazil
Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2016
The objective of this work was to describe the occurrence of quarantine Tulip breaking virus (TBV, synonym Lily mottle virus-LMoV) and Lily symptomless virus (LSV), and their respective molecular analyses, to provide data for supporting TBV removal from the Brazilian A1 quarantine pest list, since this virus has spread among the main commercial lily crops in Brazil. The occurrence of these viruses was detected in 12 cultivation areas through multiplex reverse transcription (RT-PCR), using specific primers to genes encoding the respective coat proteins (CP). Eight fragments of 800 nucleotides (nt) obtained from the LMoV-infected lilies and nine fragments of 600 nt from LSV-infected lilies were sequenced. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction showed a robust branch containing the LMoV Brazilian sequences, other LMoV isolates, TBV, and Tulip band breaking virus, suggesting that all are LMoV isolates, although they are clustered into two subgroups. Phylogenetic analysis also showed a robust branch supporting all Brazilian and other LSV sequences, except for an LSV Japanese isolate. Recombination analyses also showed an LMoV recombinant isolate, whereas no recombination events were found among LSV isolates. Lily mottle virus is the prevalent virus in lily crops in Brazil, in single and mixed infections with LSV or Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV).