Overexpression, purification, and characterization of recombinant Ca-ATPase regulators for high-resolution solution and solid-state NMR studies (original) (raw)
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Structural and dynamic basis of phospholamban and sarcolipin inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase
Towards the full …, 2008
Phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN) are two single-pass membrane proteins that regulate Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA), an ATP-driven pump that translocates calcium ions into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, initiating muscle relaxation. Both proteins bind SERCA through intramembrane interactions, impeding calcium translocation. While phosphorylation of PLN at Ser-16 and/or Thr-17 reestablishes calcium flux, the regulatory mechanism of SLN remains elusive. SERCA has been crystallized in several different states along the enzymatic reaction coordinates, providing remarkable mechanistic information; however, the lack of high-resolution crystals in the presence of PLN and SLN limits the current understanding of the regulatory mechanism. This brief review offers a survey of our hybrid structural approach using solution and solid-state NMR methodologies to understand SERCA regulation from the point of view of PLN and SLN. These results have improved our understanding of the calcium translocation process and are the basis for designing new therapeutic approaches to ameliorate muscle malfunctions.
2007
Phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN) are two single-pass membrane proteins that regulate Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA), an ATP-driven pump that translocates calcium ions into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, initiating muscle relaxation. Both proteins bind SERCA through intramembrane interactions, impeding calcium translocation. While phosphorylation of PLN at Ser-16 and/or Thr-17 reestablishes calcium flux, the regulatory mechanism of SLN remains elusive. SERCA has been crystallized in several different states along the enzymatic reaction coordinates, providing remarkable mechanistic information; however, the lack of high-resolution crystals in the presence of PLN and SLN limits the current understanding of the regulatory mechanism. This brief review offers a survey of our hybrid structural approach using solution and solid-state NMR methodologies to understand SERCA regulation from the point of view of PLN and SLN. These results have improved our understanding of the calcium translocation process and are the basis for designing new therapeutic approaches to ameliorate muscle malfunctions.
Biochemistry, 2008
Phospholamban (PLN) regulates cardiac contractility by modulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity. While PLN and SERCA1a, an isoform from skeletal muscle, have been structurally characterized in great detail, direct information about the conformation of PLN in complex with SERCA has been limited. We used solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy to deduce structural properties of both the A 36 F 41 A 46 mutant (AFA-PLN) and wild-type PLN (WT-PLN) when bound to SERCA1a after reconstitution in a functional lipid bilayer environment. Chemical-shift assignments in all domains of AFA-PLN provide direct evidence for the presence of two terminal R helices connected by a linker region of reduced structural order that differs from previous findings on free PLN. ssNMR experiments on WT-PLN show no significant difference in binding compared to AFA-PLN and do not support the coexistence of a significantly populated dynamic state of PLN after formation of the PLN/ SERCA complex. A combination of our spectroscopic data with biophysical and biochemical data using flexible protein-protein docking simulations provides a structural basis for understanding the interaction between PLN and SERCA1a.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2007
Cardiac contraction and relaxation are regulated by conformational transitions of protein complexes that are responsible for calcium trafficking through cell membranes. Central to the muscle relaxation phase is a dynamic membrane protein complex formed by Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and phospholamban (PLN), which in humans is responsible for approximately 70% of the calcium re-uptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Dysfunction in this regulatory mechanism causes severe pathophysiologies. In this report, we used a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, and coupled enzyme assays to investigate how single mutations at position 21 of PLN affects its structural dynamics and, in turn, its interaction with SERCA. We found that it is possible to control the activity of SERCA by tuning PLN structural dynamics. Both increased rigidity and mobility of the PLN backbone cause a reduction of SERCA inhibition, affecting calcium transport. Although the more rigid, loss-of-function (LOF) mutants have lower binding affinities for SERCA, the more dynamic LOF mutants have binding affinities similar to that of PLN. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to harness this knowledge to design new LOF mutants with activity similar to S16E (a mutant already used in gene therapy) for possible application in recombinant gene therapy. As proof of concept, we show a new mutant of PLN, P21G, with improved LOF characteristics in vitro.
Journal of Molecular Biology, 2006
Sarcolipin (SLN) is an integral membrane protein that is expressed in both skeletal and cardiac muscle, where it inhibits SERCA (calcium ATPase) by lowering its apparent Ca 2C affinity in a manner similar to that of its homologue phospholamban (PLN). We use solution NMR to map the structural changes occurring within SLN upon interaction with the regulatory target, SERCA, co-reconstituting the two proteins in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) detergent micelles, a system that preserves the native structure of SLN and the activity of SERCA, with the goal of comparing these interactions with those of the previously studied PLN-SERCA complex. Our analysis of the structural dynamics of SLN in DPC micelles shows this polypeptide to be partitioned into four subdomains: a short unstructured N terminus (residues 1-6), a short dynamic helix (residues 7-14), a more rigid helix (residues 15-26), and an unstructured C terminus (residues 27-31). Upon addition of SERCA, the different domains behave according to their dynamics, molding onto the surface of the enzyme. Remarkably, each domain of SLN behaves in a manner similar to that of the corresponding domains in PLN, supporting the hypothesis that both SLN and PLN bind SERCA in the same groove and with similar mechanisms.
Biochemistry, 2002
The skeletal muscle sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA1a) mediates muscle relaxation by pumping Ca 2+ from the cytosol to the ER/SR lumen. In efforts aimed at understanding the structural basis for the conformational changes accompanying the reaction cycle catalyzed by SERCA1a, we have studied the ATP-binding domain of SERCA1a in both nucleotide-bound and -free forms by NMR. Limited proteolysis analyses guided us to express a 28 kDa stably folded fragment containing the nucleotide-binding domain of SERCA1a spanning residues Thr357-Leu600. ATP binding activity was demonstrated for this fragment by a FITC competition assay. A nearly complete backbone resonance assignment of this 28 kDa ATP-binding fragment, in both the AMP-PNP-bound and -free forms, was obtained by means of heteronuclear multidimensional NMR techniques. NMR titration experiments with AMP-PNP revealed a confined nucleotide-binding site which coincides with a cytoplasmic pocket region identified in the crystal structure of apo-SERCA1a. These results are consistent with previous site-directed mutagenesis studies of SERCA1a.
Febs Letters, 2003
Two recent X-ray structures have tremendously increased the understanding of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA) and related proteins. Both structures show the ¢fth transmembrane span (M5) as a single continuous K K-helix. The inherent structural and dynamic features of this span (Lys758^Glu785) were studied in isolation in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles using liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We ¢nd that a £exible region (Ile765^Asn768) is interrupting the K K-helix. The location of the £exible region near the Ca 2+ binding residues Asn768 and Glu771 suggests that together with a similar region in M6 it has a hinge function that may be important for cooperative Ca 2+ binding and occlusion.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2005
We have used magnetic resonance to map the interaction surface of an integral membrane protein for its regulatory target, an integral membrane enzyme. Phospholamban (PLN) regulates cardiac contractility via its modulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity. Impairment of this regulatory process causes heart failure. To map the molecular details of the PLN/SERCA interaction, we have functionally reconstituted SERCA with labeled PLN in dodecylphosphocholine micelles for high-resolution NMR spectroscopy and in both micelles and lipid bilayers for EPR spectroscopy. Differential perturbations in NMR linewidths and chemical shifts, measured as a function of position in the PLN sequence, provide a vivid picture of extensive SERCA contacts in both cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of PLN and provide structural insight into previously reported functional mutagenesis data. NMR and EPR data show clear and complementary evidence for a dynamic (μs-to-ms) equilibr...
Analytical Biochemistry, 2002
For the characterization of posttranslational modifications of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase (SERCA), we developed a two-dimensional separation protocol based on reversed-phase HPLC followed by SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS analysis of in-gel tryptic digests. Representative experiments are shown for the rabbit fast-twitch skeletal muscle isoform SERCA1. Matrixassisted laser desorption-ionization and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of SERCA1 tryptic digests revealed ca. 66% coverage of the protein sequence. This approach was used for the detection and quantitation of nitrotyrosine formation after exposure of SERCA1 to peroxynitrite in vitro. At molar ratios of nitrotyrosine to protein of 0.23 we confirmed by LC-MS/MS the nitration of predominantly Tyr 122 in the SERCA1 sequence. Ó