Environmental security in the eastern Indian Ocean, Antarctica and the Southern Ocean: a risk mapping approach (original) (raw)

We make the following recommendations for the area south of latitude 60°S: 10. Australia and France should continue to cooperate in delivering reliable surveillance, compliance and enforcement in the Southern Ocean. 11. They should continue to promote multilateral cooperation on sustainable uses of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica. 12. They should cooperate on SAR planning and work with other countries in the region to foster effective SAR responses. 13. They should facilitate a regular multilateral SAR exercise in the future around the HIMI and Kerguelen Islands area, in the Southern Ocean and on the Antarctic continent. 14. They should jointly examine the management implications of climate change in the Antarctic region, looking at future Antarctic infrastructure, logistics, environmental management, the terrestrial environment, the marine environment and resources. 15. As a trust-building measure for Antarctic countries, Australia and France should lead on identifying guidelines for establishing and reinforcing the resilience of Antarctic infrastructure that take current and predicted climate changes into account. 16. Australia and France should set an example by including more specialists on climate change in delegations to key Antarctic Treaty and Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) meetings. 17. There should be more active inspections under the Antarctic Treaty, including joint inspections where practical. 18. Australia and France should be working to advance cooperation in East Antarctic science and logistics, including through pooling their resources. 19. They should promote cooperation on environmental and resource protection among Antarctic Treaty parties. 20. They should continue to cooperate on scientific research, such as the recent symposium on the Kerguelen Plateau convened by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Department of the Environment and Energy. 21. They should play an active role in having CCAMLR and Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings cooperate with the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in understanding the impacts of climate change on the objectives of CCAMLR and the Antarctic Treaty. 22. They should consider organising a joint logistics exercise with a focus on environmental management. 23. They should convene events during climate change conferences to highlight the risks and challenges identified in this report. COP 25 in Chile could be a suitable venue. 24. On the basis of this report, Australia and France should identify challenges and issues that warrant further research and cooperation.