Prenatal anaemia and risk of postpartum haemorrhage: A cohort analysis of data from the Predict-PPH study (original) (raw)
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African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2022
In developing countries such as Nigeria, anaemia in pregnancy is thought to be one of the most common complications of pregnancy accounting for a significant level of maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy among women attending the booking Antenatal Clinic (ANC) in Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH), North-Central, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from May 2019 to January, 2020 on 299 women. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic, clinical, and nutritional information from pregnant women attending the clinic who consented to participate in the study. Haematocrit levels were stratified according to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) classification as follows: <7mg/dL-severe, 7-8.99mg/dL-moderate, 9-10.99mg/dL-mild anaemia and ≧ 11mg/dL-non-anaemic. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.0. Chi-square test was conducted to determine relationships. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for anaemia among pregnant women. P-value <0.05 and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were used to assess the association. The mean age of respondents was 29.9, ranging from 18-40 years. One hundred and twenty-three (41.1%) women were anaemic (haemoglobin [Hb] < 11.0 g/dL). The majority (95.1%) of these anaemic patients were mildly anaemic, whereas 4.9% were moderately anaemic. There was no case of severe anaemia (Hb < 7.0 g/dL). The prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher in those within the age group of 20-24 years and those with lower levels of education (P < 0.05). The patient's gestational age, number of miscarriages and birth interval had no significant relationship with the haemoglobin concentration among the pregnant women in this study (P > 0.05). However, parity, clinical features such as fever, and practices like use of haematinics and non-consumption of meat, poultry and fish were significantly related to anaemia (P < 0.05). The pregnant women who did not take haematinics were 5.8 times likely to develop anaemia (OR=5.8, 95%CI [2.3, 14.5]) while pregnant women who did not eat meat, poultry or fish were 9 times more likely to become anaemic than pregnant women who ate (OR=9.0, 95%CI [1.0, 79.5]). The prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy is high among women attending booking antenatal clinic at BSUTH, North-Central, Nigeria, and requires specific intervention that address the identified risk factors.
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is the commonest haematological condition seen in pregnant women in most developing countries. It is a global public health problem causing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Objective was to determine the prevalence of anaemia and associated socio-demographic factors among pregnant women at booking at Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH).Methods: A retrospective study conducted from 1st January, 2015 to 31st December, 2020 at the antenatal clinic (ANC) of RSUTH. The laboratory records of 9990 pregnant women who booked for antenatal care were retrieved and reviewed. This included the socio-demographic characteristics and routine investigations. Data was extracted, coded and analyzed using the IBM statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 (Armonk, NY). P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Total number of women who booked for antenatal care was 9990 women. Of this, 8635 women were an...
Anaemia in pregnancy: a survey of pregnant women in Abeokuta, Nigeria
African health sciences, 2007
Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is a common problem in most developing countries and a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially in malaria endemic areas. In pregnancy, anaemia has a significant impact on the health of the foetus as well as that of the mother. 20% of maternal deaths in Africa have been attributed to anaemia Objectives and Methods: This study was therefore carried out to determine the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in two hospitals and a traditional birth home in order to obtain a broader prevalence data. Pregnant women were enrolled in the study at their first antenatal visit and were monitored through pregnancy for anaemia. Packed cell volume (PCV) was used to assess level of anaemia; Questionnaires were also administered to obtain demographic information. Results: Three hundred and sixty five (76.5%) of the women were anaemic at one trimester of pregnancy or another. Anaemia were more prevalent among primigravidae (80.6%) than the multigravidae(74.5%)(P>0.05). Two hundred and eleven women (57.8%) had moderate anaemia while 147 (40.3%) had mild anaemia and 7(1.9%) were severely anaemic (5 (71.4%) of which were primigravidae). All severely anaemic women were under 30 years old. Women attending TBH for antenatal care were found to be more anaemic (81.2%) (Even at various trimesters of pregnancy) than those attending the hospitals (72.5%) (P<0.05). However, in all the antenatal centers more women were anaemic in the 2 nd trimester of pregnancy. Forty-seven (9.8%) of the enrolled women booked for antenatal care in the first trimester, while 303(63.5%) booked in the second trimester and 127(26.6%) in the 3 rd trimester of their pregnancies. 62.5% of these women were already anaemic at the time of antenatal booking, with a higher prevalence among the primigravidae (69.7%)(P< 0.05). Absence of symptoms of ill health was the major reason for late antenatal booking. Anaemia was higher among unemployed women and those with sickle cell traits. Conclusion: Educating women on early antenatal booking and including those in TBHs in health interventions is necessary to reduce the problem of anaemia in pregnancy in Nigeria.
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Vol.46, Issue.4: 1354-1359., 2013
A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2012 and February 2013 to assess anaemia prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women attending three antenatal clinics in malaria endemic south-western Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Haemoglobin (Hb) levels were determined using the Haemocue haemaglobinometer detecting system for 660 of the 702 eligible women, while their obstetrics and socioeconomic information were obtained using close-ended structured questionnaire. Mean age of the participants was 24.9 ± 6.1 years (range, 18 – 47 years); mean number of previous pregnancies was 4.7 ± 1.2 per woman (range, 1 – 12). Overall prevalence of anaemia during pregnancy (Hb ≤ 11 g per decilitre) was 60.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 58-62). Prevalence of mild (10 g /dl ≤ Hb < 11 g /dl), moderate (7 g /dl ≤ Hb < 9 g/dl), and severe (Hb < 7 g /dl) anaemia was 56.8%, 37.9% and 5.3% respectively. Over 90% of the total anaemic women had Hb levels below the benchmark for pregnant women (11 g /dl). Multivariate analysis showed that anaemia in pregnancy was significantly and independently associated with low socio-economic status, advanced age of gestation and increasing number of previous pregnancies. The result is discussed in relation to the need for increased awareness campaign of the associated predisposing factors of anaemia in pregnancy at the antenatal clinics levels.
PREVALENCE OF ANAEMIA IN PREGNANCY AT ANTENATAL CARE BOOKING IN JIGAWA, NORTH-WEST NIGERIA
Introduction: Anaemia in pregnancy is a major reproductive health problem and an important cause of foetomaternal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy, its severity and possible correlates. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out among 250 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. A pretested structured interviewer questionnaire was used to collect relevant biodata, obstetric and medical history. Packed cell volume (PCV) of each pregnant woman was determined. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 21.0. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean PCV was 29.8 + 4.2 and the prevalence of anaemia was 69.2%. Majority (58.4%) of the anaemic pregnant women had moderate anaemia, and 1.7% had severe anaemia. Most (31.2%) of the participants were multiparous and 81.2% had either no formal, or only primary level of education. Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy was high. Improved dietary intake of nutritious foods and socioeconomic condition may help reduce the prevalence and severity of anaemia in pregnancy.
International advanced research journal in science, engineering and technology, 2023
INTRODUCTION: Anaemia is a global public health problem in both developing and developed countries; over 1.62 billion people suffer from anaemia, and is particularly more prevalent among pregnant women. The World Health Organization estimates that the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy varies from 53.8% to 90.2% in developing countries and 8.3% to 23% in developed countries. AIM: This investigation is aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors among pregnant women attending Fati Lami antenatal care clinic of Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital Birnin-Kebbi, northwest Nigeria. METHODS. A total of 221 pregnant women were recruited from Fati Lami antenatal care clinic of Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital Birnin-Kebbi using simple random technique after ethical approval was obtained from Research Ethics Committee of Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital and consent from each study participant. Data on sociodemographics, economic status, and clinical history were collected using a pretested structured interviewer's questionnaire. Anaemia was diagnosed using the WHO-recommended cutoff of less than 33%. Participants were categorized into a subgroup of anaemia severity using the WHO cutoffs for mild, moderate, and severe anaemia. RESULTS. The overall prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in this study was found to be 126 (57.0%).Of this, 76 (60.3%) had mild anaemia, while 50 (39.7%) had moderate anaemia. Residence, Marital status, monthly family income, occupation, Number of deliveries, Inter-pregnancy interval, and current malaria attack were the variables which had statistically significant association with the prevalence of anaemia. CONCLUSION. Based on the findings from our study, it showed a high prevalence of anaemia (57.0%) among pregnant women, making anaemia in pregnancy a severe public health problem. The predisposing factors associated with anaemia in this study were being in the rural area, having low monthly family income, women with less than eighteen months interval between pregnancies, women with greater than three number of deliveries and recent malaria attack. Educating pregnant women on anaemia should be intensified in antenatal care clinics.
Anaemia among pregnant women at the booking clinic of a teaching hospital in south-western Nigeria
Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is a global public health challenge. It is the commonest medical disorder of pregnancy and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in most developing countries. Aim: This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy and to identify the confounding socio-demographic factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study designed to determine the socio-demographic characteristics and prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women at their booking antenatal visit in a teaching hospital in Southwestern Nigeria. Pregnant women were enrolled for the study by consecutive sampling method at their first antenatal visit and the packed cell volume (PCV) was used to assess level of anaemia. Socio-demographic information was obtained from the case records of the enrolled women. Results: One hundred and thirty-eight (27.6%) of the 500 enrolled women were found to be anaemic at the time of antenatal booking. Anaemia were more prevalent among primigravidae (33.9%) than the multigravidae (25.3%), although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.079). Anaemia was higher among women with no formal education, those unemployed, single mothers and women with sickle cell traits. Conclusion: Anaemia in pregnancy remains a major health challenge in Nigeria with primigravidae identified as being those at most risk. So also are pregnant teenagers and women that book late for antenatal care (ANC). It is therefore important to educate women on early ANC booking and the need for compliance with prescribed medications in pregnancy.
Risk factors of anaemia among postpartum women in Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana
BMC Nutrition
Introduction Anaemia is a major public health problem affecting women of reproductive age globally. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and determinants of anaemia among postpartum women in Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana. Methods The study employed an analytical cross-sectional study design to recruit 405 women who delivered in the last 6 weeks from 9 health facilities in the Municipality. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric characteristics, dietary diversity, knowledge on iron-folic acid (IFA), iron and anaemia, and haemoglobin level of the women. Postpartum anaemia (PPA) was defined as hemoglobin < 12 g/dl. Chi-square and logistic regression analysis were used to identify the determinants of PPA. Results The mean age of the participants was 27.4 ± 5.3 years and 46.70% of them had PPA. The risk factors of PPA were not meeting dietary diversity [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.96; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.67–5.25], low knowledge ...
African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 2012
Background : Anaemia, though a common problem in Nigeria, has not been adequately studied amongst pregnant women in primary health care facilities. Objective : This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of anaemia and socio-demographic factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy in a primary health centre in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methodology : This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a primary health centre. Association between variables was analysed using the Chi-square test. Results : Two hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women whose ages ranged from 16 to 40 years with a mean age of 26.8 ± 4.3 years were recruited for the study. The haemoglobin concentration ranged from 6 g/dL - 15 g/dL with a mean of 10.10 ± 1.27g/dL. A total of 142 (62.6%) participants were anaemic. Anaemia was observed to be least prevalent in women within the extremes of reproductive age (≤ 20 years and 36-40 years). There was no statistically significant association between age, educational le...
ANAEMIA IN PREGNANCY AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
2021
Background: Anaemia is a serious global public health problem that particularly affects pregnant women especially in tropical regions of the world. This phenomenon is typically associated with a variety of unwanted pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women contributing to the high rate of maternal morbidity and mortality. Aim: The study was carried out to assess prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy among women attending Primary Health Care Centres in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State. Methods: A retrospective assessment of 1748 pregnant women attending 17 primary healthcare centers in the study area was carried out. A structured PROFORMA data collection sheet was used to collate information on the sociodemographic characteristics and anaemia diagnoses among the patients. Data analysis was done with the SPSS v25 software. Results: There was a 17.2% prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women. The proportion of anaemia was slightly greater in women between 16-25 years old (17.19%) compared to 17.08% of women that were 26 years above. While the proportion of anaemia in pregnancy was significantly higher among married women (20.10%) compared to women that were single/divorced/separated (10.40%), chi-square = 24.4, p =0.0001. The study showed that anaemia in pregnancy was 2.1 times (95% CI; 1.5-2.9) more likely among married women. Conclusion: Findings of the study shows that anaemia is prevalent among women attend primary healthcare centres in Rivers state, Nigeria. Health promotion campaigns are recommended to educate pregnant women on prevention measures to control the occurrence of anaemia in pregnancy and ensure improved pregnancy outcomes.