The Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercise on Flexibility and Strength of Stroke Patients (original) (raw)
Related papers
Effects of Progressive Increased Intensity of PNF Stretching on Hamstring Force and Flexibility
International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 2020
In most previous studies of PNF stretching performed at different intensities, the subjects were provided with the intensities in a randomized order. In addition, subjects were aided in maintaining a steady level of contraction force using a dynamometer as visual feedback. However, such a procedure differs from the procedure used in actual clinical settings. This study aimed to examine the effect of the applied order of three different intensities of PNF stretching on the ability to regulate the contraction force and increase muscle flexibility. During the 1 st period, three different stretching intensities were applied in the order of 25%, 50%, and 75% of MVC in the group A and in the order of 75%, 50%, and 25% of MVC in the group B. This order was reversed during the 2 nd period. The contraction force was measured using the strain gauge and hamstring flexibility was measured using active knee extension. There was no significant difference between target and contraction intensity at three target intensities in both groups. Additionally, contraction forces between different intensities clearly were distinguished by subjects in both groups. In Group A, increase in flexibility was significantly higher in the 1 st period than in the 2 nd period. Healthy adults could clearly differentiate and regulate contraction intensity when the intensities were differentially applied at 25% intervals. The higher target intensity compliance and increase in flexibility may be anticipated when progressively increase intensity was applied, compared to the same factors in reverse order.
International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability and inpatient rehabilitation admissions. The WHO definition of stroke is rapidly developing clinical signs of focal (global) disturbance of cerebral function, with symptoms lasting 24hours or longer or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin: it includes patients presenting clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of subarachnoid haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage or cerebral ischemic necrosis. An estimated 70% of the patients who survive a stroke are unable to use their limbs (Upper Limb/Lower Limb) independently during the first three to four weeks post stroke. Patients who have suffered a stroke experience loss, uncertainty, and social isolation, as stroke represents a sudden, overwhelming, and fundamental change for the survivor. Personal control over progressoptimism, and fears of dependency, as well as markers of independence and interaction with therapists, were identified as import...
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to study the effects of neural tissue mobilisation and hold-relax technique of lower extremity flexibility in post stroke patients. Materials and Methods: 26 subjects were recruited in the study, 13 in each group. Group A (NDS) received sliders to the sciatic nerve in supine while Group B received PNF Hold-relax to hamstrings in supine. Both the treatment techniques were given in addition the set treatment protocols of the subjects. Popliteal angle was measured before commencing the treatment and after termination of the treatment. Results: No significant results were found between both the groups indicating equal effectiveness of both the treatment techniques. Conclusion: Both, Neural mobilisation and Hold-Relax can be used equally in improving flexibility in post stroke patients.
EFFECT OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION STRETCHING ON FLEXIBILITY IN HAMSTRING TIGHTNESS
BACKGROUND: Many people suffer with tight Hamstring. Tight Hamstring can also be responsible for postural problems and other back problems as they will tend to pull pelvic out of normal position. Hamstring tightness can be caused by genetic reason. Children born with naturally short Hamstring when some people are naturally supple, not enough stretching, problems in the lower back can put pressure on the sciatic nerve which runs down the leg and causes muscles to tighten. OBJECTIVE: To find out the effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching on flexibility of Hamstring tightness. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted in Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and hospital, Annamalai University. 30 Male subjects were selected for this study. The technique of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching (contract Relax method) was applied as the treatment programme. The subject were assessed for the range of motion of knee joint before the application of technique. Treatment was given 2 sessions a day using contract relax technique with help of Stretch Out Strap (SOS) band maintaining the knee in extension for 15 to 20 second. This treatment was repeated for 4 days. After the final day treatment the subject was reevaluated for the knee joint range of motion at the end of session. RESULT: The Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching technique has been effective in decreasing Hamstring tightness. The improvement was statistically significant at p<0.001. So, this study shows that there was significant improvement in the range of motion in both legs after the treatment. CONCLUSION : Based on the results, the study conclude that the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) techniques (contract Relax method) I effective in relieving Hamstring tightness. All the 30 subjects were shown a significant improvement in increasing range of motion and extension of knee joint.
Improvement of Hamstring Flexibility: A Comparison between Two PNF Stretching Techniques
2010
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of two PNF stretching techniques for improving hamstring flexibility and to compare the effectiveness of two PNF stretching techniques (Hold Relax and Contract Relax- Antagonist Contract) for improving hamstring flexibility. Subjects: 45 normal healthy male subjects. Design: A randomised pre-test post-test control group design. Method: The subjects were randomly assigned into three groups each consisting of 15 subjects. Hamstring flexibility for each group was measured using the active knee extension (AKE) test. Subjects of group A were treated with PNF hold relax stretching, whereas the subjects of group B were treated with PNF CRAC technique. The subjects of group C served as control group and were not subjected to any type of stretching. For each experimental group, stretch was performed three times a week for a total training period of three weeks. Results: A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Post HOC analysis using Bo...
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2005
Low Back Ache (LBA) is the second most common cause of disability. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is a form of flexibility training that involves both the stretching and contraction of the muscle group being targeted. Recent advances have shown that Dynamic Soft Tissue Mobilization (DSTM) is an effective means to produce beneficial effects such as increase in muscle perfusion and decrease muscle stiffness in improving hamstring flexibility in patients with LBA. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of PNF stretching and DSTM on hamstring flexibility in subjects with LBA.103 subjects satisfying selection criteria in the age group of 20-35 years were randomly allotted in to PNF or DTSM group and were assessed for hamstring flexibility and pain using Active Knee Extension (AKE) test and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) respectively. Subjects were treated as per their group allotment for four weeks. Within group analyses showed significant difference in both outcome measures with p less than 0.0001. This study concludes that Dynamic Soft Tissue Mobilization is more effective than Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Contract Relax Antagonist Contract stretching in improving hamstring flexibility and decreasing pain in low back ache subjects.
The PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation) Stretching Technique - a Brief Review
2013
The aim of this paper is to realize a brief review on the PNF stretching technique. PNF stretching (or proprioceptive muscular facilitation) is one of the most effective forms of flexibility training for increasing range of motion. PNF stretching is a method of flexibility training that can reduce hypertonus, allowing muscles to relax and lengthen and can be applied to patients of all ages. PNF can be used to supplement daily stretching and these techniques help develop muscular strength and endurance, joint stability, mobility, neuromuscular control and coordination. PNF techniques are as follows: Contract Relax, Hold Relax, Rhythmic Initiation, Rhythmic Stabilisation, Slow reversals, Alternating isometrics and Alternating rhythmic stabilization. Conclusion. Whether promoting flexibility, developing muscular strength and endurance, improving joint stability or increasing neuromuscular control and coordination, PNF is a valuable part of every rehabilitation program.
Effect of Stretching Exercises on Spasticity in Stroke Patients-A Systematic Review
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
Introduction: Stroke is the commonest and most severe neurological disorder, causing reduced functional level, decreased quality of life and even loss of life. Researches with inconsistent outcomes and several procedural restrictions have been directed to evaluate the effectiveness of starching for patients with stroke. Objective: This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of stretching exercises on patients with stroke. Method: Five databases (PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched to identify eligible studies. Pooled standardized mean differences were calculated using a random effects model. The PRISMA statement was followed to increase clarity of reporting. Results: Five studies, including 168 patients, reporting on the subject of stretching exercises and conventional physiotherapy were analyzed. These interventions showed a statistically significant effect on gain of range of motion, reduction of spasticity, improvement of myoelectric activity, increase of muscle flexibility and improvement in distribution of body weight and postural balance. Conclusion: Stretching exercises seemed to be the most effective treatment to reduced spasticity. When it is appropriately targeted, it significantly improves flexibility and postural balance.
2016
The purpose of this case study was to describe the acute effects of contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (cRPNF) and static stretching (SS) on hamstring flexibility, vertical jump performance and electromyography (EMG) of vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM) and gastrocnemius (GAS) in two sedantary males. Each participant completed 8 activities: warm-up, pre-stretching range of motion (ROM) of hip, pre-stretching countermovement jump (cMJ), pre-stretching EMG recording, cRPNF or SS procedure, post-stretching ROM of hip, post-stretching cMJ and post-stretching EMG recording. The results of this study revealed that there were no significant increases in ROM of hip (25,34% and 24,19%) and no significant decreases in cMJ (-8,67% and-8,17%), EMG activities of VL (-12,52% and-29,34%), VM (-13,02% and-32,80%) and GAS (-20,63% and-24,81%) following cRPNF and SS. There were no significant differences were found between both experimental groups for all variables (p > 0,05). It was concluded that cRPNF ans SS resulted in similar changes of ROM of the hip joint, cMJ and EMG activities of VL, VM and GAS muscles in sedantary males.
Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Flexibility in Males with Hamstring Tightness
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.9\_Issue.5\_May2019/IJHSR\_Abstract.029.html, 2019
Flexibility is necessary for overall health and physical condition. Reduced flexibility of muscles leads to tightness in the muscles which may be a consequence of low or inadequate level of physical activity or sedentary life style. In present study, a total of 134 male subjects (age 20-24 years) with bilateral hamstring tightness were recruited. The subjects were randomly divided into Group A and Group B. Group A was given proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation-hold relax (PNF-HR) and Group B (Control group). The outcome measures-straight leg raise-dominant leg side (SLR-D), straight leg raise-non-dominant leg side (SLR-nD), knee extension angle-dominant leg side (KEA-D), straight leg raise-non-dominant leg side (KEA-nD), sit and reach test (SRT) were measured at first day before treatment and fifth day after treatment. The results show significant improvement in group A with p value ≤ 0.05. Whereas, no improvement was found in group B. The findings conclude that PNF-HR is effective in improving flexibility in males with hamstring tightness.