Influence of a maternal cholesterol-enriched diet on [1-14C]-linoleic acid and L-[4, 5-3H]-leucine entry in plasma of rabbit offspring (original) (raw)
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Maternal High Linoleic Acid Alters Placental Fatty Acid Composition
Nutrients, 2020
Fetal development is modulated by maternal nutrition during pregnancy. The dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA), an essential dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), has increased. We previously published that increased LA consumption during pregnancy does not alter offspring or placental weight but fetal plasma fatty acid composition; the developing fetus obtains their required PUFA from the maternal circulation. However, it is unknown if increased maternal linoleic acid alters placental fatty acid storage, metabolism, transport, and general placental function. Female Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed either a low LA diet (LLA; 1.44% of energy from LA) or high LA diet (HLA; 6.21% of energy from LA) for 10 weeks before pregnancy and during gestation. Rats were sacrificed at embryonic day 20 (E20, term = 22 days) and placentae collected. The labyrinth of placentae from one male and one female fetus from each litter were analyzed. High maternal LA consumption increased placental total...
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 2004
Linoleic acid (18:2n-6) is metabolised to arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), the precursor for 2-series prostaglandins (PGs). Increased consumption of 18:2n-6 during pregnancy may thus modify PG synthesis during labour. We have investigated whether increased 18:2n-6 composition during gestation altered the fatty acid consumption and PG synthesis of maternal and fetal tissues in the sheep. Ewes were fed a control diet or a diet providing 40% more 18:2n-6 from 96 days gestation. Half of each group received dexamethasone on day 136 to upregulate the PG synthetic pathways promoting parturition. Maternal and fetal tissues were collected at 138 days. The 18:2n-6 diet significantly increased the 20:4n-6 content of maternal plasma, fetal plasma and allantochorion (51-81%) phosphatidylcholine, and fetal liver (40%) and maternal caruncular endometrium (57%) phosphatidylethanolamine. Increased 18:2n-6 intake increased production of PGF 2a and PGE 2 in all placental tissues (maternal caruncular and intercaruncular endometrium and fetal allantochorion) by 23-98%, whereas dexamethasone increased it by 32-142%. This suggests that consumption of an 18:2n-6-enriched diet in late pregnancy enhanced placental PG production by increasing the supply of 20:4n-6. Variations in the extent to which the diet altered the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of the different tissues indicated complex interactions between nutrient availability and metabolic adaptation. D
Effect on Placental Transfer of Exogenous Lipid Administered to the Pregnant Rabbit
Pediatric Research, 1995
The transfer of lipids across the placenta was measured after infusion of an emulsion of triacylglycerol and phospholipid (Intralipid) into 10 anesthetized rabbits. Maternal and umbilical venous and arterial samples were collected at 10-min intervals. All samples were analyzed for concentration and fatty acid composition of FFA, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid fractions. At the end of the infusion period of Intralipid, there was a significant increase in the maternal concentrations of total triacylglycerol (p < 0.01) and of total phospholipid (p = 0.01) but not of total FFA (p > 0.05). Maternal plasma triacylglycerol and phospholipid altered in composition to match that of the infused Intralipid by the end of the infusion. Despite the significant rise in maternal triacylglycerol and phospholipid concentrations, the umbilical vein-artery difference for these lipid fractions remained unchanged and very low. In contrast, the umbilical vein-artery difference for FFA (p < 0.02) rose gradually throughout the
Reproduction Nutrition Développement, 1988
The effects of a dietary a-linolenic acid (18 : 3 n-3) deficiency on lipid fatty acid composition of the liver and serum of lactating rats have been studied during three gestations and over three generations. These females were compared to corresponding females which remained sterile. Two lots of female rats received, respectively, a diet containing lipids either in the form of 1.50 g of sunflower oil per 100 g of diet (deficient diet) or as 1.87 g of soya oil per 100 g of diet (control diet). Both diet contained the same amount of linoleic acid (18 : 2 n-6), i.e. 940 mg/100 g of diet, but the sunflower diet supplied 43 times less 18 : 3 n-3 than the soja diet, or 3 mg vs 130 mg/100 g of diet. Results show that successive gestations appeared to be more efficient means of depleting material n-3 PUFA (1) stores than successive generations. The 18 : 3 n-3 deficient diet caused a considerable decrease in the level of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in liver and serum lipids, and particularly of 22 : 6 n-3. This decline was compensated by an increase in the level of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA), and particularly by a very high augmentation of 22 : 5 n-6. The ratio n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA in liver phospholipids and in serum lipids was a good index of the adequacy of dietary n-3 PUFA supply. However, the ratio 22 : 5 n-6/22 : 6 n-3 was a finer index. This ratio appeared to be a reliable index of dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency when it was higher than 1 in serum lipids of a fasting animal. The proportion of 22 : 5 n-6 as well as the ratios n-6/n-3 and 22 : 5 n-6/22 : 6 n-3, were also increased in the liver phospholipids of lactating females receiving the soya oil diet ; this suggested that a supply of 130 mg/100 g of diet, corresponding to a ratio of n-6/n-3 = 7.2, was not sufficient for these rats during pregnancy and lactation. A supply of 200 mg of n-3 PUFA/ 100 g of diet, corresponding to a ratio of n-6/n-3 = 5, is recommended for these animals. Introduction. Fatty acids in the n-3 series, of which a-linolenic acid is the main one, are usually found in phospholipids and thus in cellular and subcellular membranes of mammals (
Lipids in Health and Disease, 2011
Background: Maternal nutrition in pregnancy has a crucial impact on the development of the fetus. Dietary trans fatty acids (tFA) are known to have adverse health effects, especially during pregnancy. However, the distribution of tFA produced via partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils (mainly elaidic acid; t9) differs compared to ruminantderived tFA (mainly vaccenic acid; t11). Recent findings indicate that they may have different impact on human health. Therefore, in this study, plasma and erythrocytes of mother-child pairs (n = 55) were sampled to investigate the distribution of tFA, including individual trans C18:1 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in fetal related to maternal lipids; with additional consideration of maternal dairy fat intake.
Neonatology, 2003
To determine whether the composition of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could be modified in the fetus by maternal dietary fatty acids, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed semipurified diets that differed only in the non-vitamin lipid component. The diets contained either 10 g palm, sunflower, olive or fish oil (FOD)/100 g diet. A total of 5–6 rats were studied in each group. At day 20 of gestation, corresponding to 1.5 days prior parturition, the fatty acids in maternal adipose tissue were closely related to the fatty acid composition in the corresponding diet. An important proportion of arachidonic acid (AA) appeared in maternal liver and plasma, although it was lower in the FOD than in the other groups. Except for saturated fatty acids, the proportion of individual fatty acids in the placenta correlated linearly with that in maternal plasma. Also, PUFA in fetal plasma and liver showed significant correlations with PUFA in maternal plasma. Again, AA showed the lowe...
Lipids, 1996
Preterm guinea pigs were delivered on day 65 of gestation (term = 68 d) and were allowed either free or restricted access to food for the subsequent 48 h. Plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentration increased postnatally from 190 (range 144-307) to 751 (426-1039) and 883 (758-977) pM for fed and starved pups, respectively. Plasma PC composition in both groups of pups was characterized by selective and equivalent relative increases to individual molecular species containing 18:0 at the sn-1 position. Hepatic PC concentration increased from 6.75 (5.41-8.20)to 8.65 (6.54-10.63) and 9.23 (8.18-10.17) tJmol/g for fed and starved pups, respectively, and, under all conditions, hepatic PC molecular composition closely mirrored that of plasma PC. These results support the hypothesis that the molecular species composition of plasma PC for the guinea pig in the immediate postnatal period is determined largely by the composition of the hepatic PC pool destined for lipoprotein secretion. Hepatic PC composition and concentration of the starved neonatal guinea pig were maintained independently of any dietary nutrient intake, at the expense of mobilization of extra hepatic lipid reserves. While this adaptive mechanism has inherent limited survival potential in neonatal starvation, it has implications for studies measuring plasma phospholipid fatty acid compositions as biochemical markers of dietary fat intake in preterm infants. Lipids 31, 489-495 (1996).
British Journal of Nutrition, 2021
Linoleic acid (LA), an essential n-6 fatty acid (FA), is critical for fetal development. We investigated the effects of maternal high LA (HLA) diet on offspring cardiac development and its relationship to circulating FA and cardiovascular function in adolescent offspring, and the ability of the postnatal diet to reverse any adverse effects. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed low LA (LLA; 1·44 % energy from LA) or high LA (HLA; 6·21 % energy from LA) diets for 10 weeks before pregnancy and during gestation/lactation. Offspring, weaned at postnatal day 25, were fed LLA or HLA diets and euthanised at postnatal day 40 (n 6–8). Maternal HLA diet decreased circulating total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in females and decreased total plasma n-3 FA in males, while maternal and postnatal HLA diets decreased total plasma n-3 FA in females. α-Linolenic acid (ALA) and EPA were decreased by postnatal but not maternal HLA diets in both sexes. Maternal and postnatal HLA diets increased total pla...
Linoleic Acid Transport by Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblast Membranes
European Journal of Biochemistry, 1994
Abbreviation. Linoleic acid, ~is-cis-A~~'~-octadecadienoic acid. Enzymes. Alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) ; Na+/K+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3). membranes [ 111, and many physiological essential functions of the fetus [12]. Some studies have demonstrated that intrauterine growth retardation could be due to a deficiency in essential fatty acids intake by the mother during pregnancy, especially in linoleic and a-linoleic acids (~is-~is-d~~'~-octadecadienoic