Hydrological and Morphometric Study of the Girna River Basin, Maharashtra Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques (original) (raw)

Abstract

The present study aims to conduct a morphometric analysis of the Girna River Basin watershed, a tributary of the Tapi River in Maharashtra, India. A detailed morphometry analysis was performed using remote sensing and GIS using a Digital Elevation Model (Aster DEM) and SOI toposheets, and various drainage basin parameters such as Linear, Areal, and Relief aspects were also calculated. The Girna River Basin comprises 2,137 streams and has 6th order stream networks, in which 1,071, 526, 261, 125, 107, and 47 are the first-, second-, third-, fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-order streams, respectively. The Girna River Basin is 6th order stream with a circular shape, dendritic pattern, coarse drainage texture, and longer flow duration in lower areas. The bifurcation ratio lies between 1 and 2, indicating that the geological structure does not have a significant impact on the drainage patterns. The present study indicates various parameters of the Girna River Basin, which indicates that the basin has a high slope in the northwestern part, whereas most of the area has a low slope angle and a very low gradient ratio. The stream order helps understand the estimation of floods near the basin area because high stream order rivers have a high chance of floods. Determining the water discharge

Figures (12)

Figure 4.1 Location map of the Girna River Basin. 34 GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Figure 4.1 Location map of the Girna River Basin. 34 GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Figure 4.2 Stream order map of the Girna River Basin watershed.

Figure 4.2 Stream order map of the Girna River Basin watershed.

Table 4.2 Linear parameter of the Girna River Basin.

Table 4.2 Linear parameter of the Girna River Basin.

Table 4.5 Bifurcation ratio of the Girna River Basin.

Table 4.5 Bifurcation ratio of the Girna River Basin.

Table 4.6 Areal parameter of the Girna River Basin. The total number of stream segments of all orders in the watersheds Der perimeter of the basin describes the drainage texture. Knowing the geo- morphology or relative distances between the drainage lines is crucial. The infiltration capacity, underlying lithology, and relief aspect of the topog- raphy, as well as natural factors such as rainfall, climate, vegetation, type. stage, and relief of improvement of the rock and soil, affect drainage tex- ture. According to Smith (1950), drainage texture can be divided into five distinct categories: very coarse has a value of less than 2, coarse has a va ue

Table 4.6 Areal parameter of the Girna River Basin. The total number of stream segments of all orders in the watersheds Der perimeter of the basin describes the drainage texture. Knowing the geo- morphology or relative distances between the drainage lines is crucial. The infiltration capacity, underlying lithology, and relief aspect of the topog- raphy, as well as natural factors such as rainfall, climate, vegetation, type. stage, and relief of improvement of the rock and soil, affect drainage tex- ture. According to Smith (1950), drainage texture can be divided into five distinct categories: very coarse has a value of less than 2, coarse has a va ue

Figure 4.3 Drainage density map of the Girna River Basin watershed.

Figure 4.3 Drainage density map of the Girna River Basin watershed.

Figure 4.4 Stream frequency map of the Girna River Basin watershed. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FoR GIRNA RIVER BASIN. 14

Figure 4.4 Stream frequency map of the Girna River Basin watershed. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FoR GIRNA RIVER BASIN. 14

Table 4.7 Relief parameter of the Girna River Basin. The basin relief is the elevation difference between the highest and lowest points of the valley floor. It plays an important role in drainage develop- ment, landform development, surface and subsurface water flow, perme- ability, and the erosion properties of the terrain. The relief of the Girna River Basin is 1,428 m above the MSL, and the relief ratio is 0.26 with a ruggedness number of 0.73 (Table 4.7).

Table 4.7 Relief parameter of the Girna River Basin. The basin relief is the elevation difference between the highest and lowest points of the valley floor. It plays an important role in drainage develop- ment, landform development, surface and subsurface water flow, perme- ability, and the erosion properties of the terrain. The relief of the Girna River Basin is 1,428 m above the MSL, and the relief ratio is 0.26 with a ruggedness number of 0.73 (Table 4.7).

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR GIRNA RIVER BASIN 14 The relief ratio is the ratio of basin relief to basin length. High values were and valleys. The height-to- opography. According to, riangle and tangent of the horizontal. Thus, it measure indicator of the intensity o of the basin. The relief ratio of the Girna watershed was 0.26 (Table 4.7). ength ratio, known as the relief ratio, can used to compare the relative relief of any basin regardless of its scale he relief ratio is the same as the right-angled hypotenuse’s angle of slope with respect to t f the erosion processes operating on the slo s the overall steepness of a drainage basin as an found in mountainous areas, whereas low values were found in the plains DE or ne pe

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR GIRNA RIVER BASIN 14 The relief ratio is the ratio of basin relief to basin length. High values were and valleys. The height-to- opography. According to, riangle and tangent of the horizontal. Thus, it measure indicator of the intensity o of the basin. The relief ratio of the Girna watershed was 0.26 (Table 4.7). ength ratio, known as the relief ratio, can used to compare the relative relief of any basin regardless of its scale he relief ratio is the same as the right-angled hypotenuse’s angle of slope with respect to t f the erosion processes operating on the slo s the overall steepness of a drainage basin as an found in mountainous areas, whereas low values were found in the plains DE or ne pe

Figure 4.6 Gradient ratio map of Girna River Basin Watershed. A crucial parameter in geomorphic studies is the slope analysis. The climato-morphogenetic processes in the region with rocks of variable resistance control the slope elements. A slope map provides data for plan- ning, settlement, agricultural mechanization, deforestation, engineering structure planning, and morph conservation practices (Kanga et al., 2 Understanding the distribution of slopes is crucial. The Aster DEM 023). was used to create the slope, DEM, and aspect maps. Using this method, the maximum rate of change in the value between each cell and its neighbors was used to determine the slope grid. The Girna watershed has a slope ranging from 0° to 72.96° (Figure 4.6). The majority of the Girna River Watershed has a low slope, whereas the extremes to the north and south have high slopes.

Figure 4.6 Gradient ratio map of Girna River Basin Watershed. A crucial parameter in geomorphic studies is the slope analysis. The climato-morphogenetic processes in the region with rocks of variable resistance control the slope elements. A slope map provides data for plan- ning, settlement, agricultural mechanization, deforestation, engineering structure planning, and morph conservation practices (Kanga et al., 2 Understanding the distribution of slopes is crucial. The Aster DEM 023). was used to create the slope, DEM, and aspect maps. Using this method, the maximum rate of change in the value between each cell and its neighbors was used to determine the slope grid. The Girna watershed has a slope ranging from 0° to 72.96° (Figure 4.6). The majority of the Girna River Watershed has a low slope, whereas the extremes to the north and south have high slopes.

Table 4.8 Morphometric parameters of the Girna River Basin.

Table 4.8 Morphometric parameters of the Girna River Basin.

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References (25)

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