The Impact of Diabetes on the Labour Force Participation and Income Poverty of Workers Aged 45–64 Years in Australia (original) (raw)
Related papers
BMC Public Health, 2012
Background: Globally, diabetes is estimated to affect 246 million people and is increasing. In Australia diabetes has been made a national health priority. While the direct costs of treating diabetes are substantial, and rising, the indirect costs are considered greater. There is evidence that interventions to prevent diabetes are effective, and cost-effective, but the impact on labour force participation and income has not been assessed. In this study we quantify the potential impact of implementing a diabetes prevention program, using screening and either metformin or a lifestyle intervention on individual economic outcomes of pre-diabetic Australians aged 45-64. Methods: The output of an epidemiological microsimulation model of the reduction in prevalence of diabetes from a lifestyle or metformin intervention, and another microsimulation model, Health&WealthMOD, of health and the associated impacts on labour force participation, personal income, savings, government revenue and expenditure were used to quantify the estimated outcomes of the two interventions. Results: An additional 753 person years in the labour force would have been achieved from 1993 to 2003 for the male cohort aged 60-64 years in 2003, if a lifestyle intervention had been introduced in 1983; with 890 person years for the equivalent female group. The impact on labour force participation was lower for the metformin intervention, and increased with age for both interventions. The male cohort aged 60-64 years in 2003 would have earned an additional 30millioninincomewiththemetforminintervention,andtheequivalentfemalecohortwouldhaveearnedanadditional30 million in income with the metformin intervention, and the equivalent female cohort would have earned an additional 30millioninincomewiththemetforminintervention,andtheequivalentfemalecohortwouldhaveearnedanadditional25 million. If the lifestyle intervention was introduced, the same male and female cohorts would have earned an additional 34millionand34 million and 34millionand28 million respectively from 1993 to 2003.
The financial vulnerability of individuals with diabetes
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, 2010
T o quantify the impact of early retirement due to diabetes on the level and type of savings among those aged 45-64 years in Australia, the output dataset of the microsimulation model, Health&WealthMOD was analysed. Compared with those who are in full-time employment with no health condition, those who have retired early due to diabetes have significantly lower odds of owning any wealth (odds ratio 0.03, 95% confidence interval 0.00-0.30). Among those with any accumulated wealth, the value of this wealth is 90% less for people who are out of the labour force due to diabetes relative to those in full-time employment, after adjusting for age, sex and education (p=0.037). Retiring from the labour force early due to diabetes is likely to cause large financial stress in the future as not only have retired individuals lost an income stream from paid employment, but they also have little or no savings to draw upon.
Socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes mellitus across Europe at the beginning of the 21st century
Diabetologia, 2008
Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to determine and quantify socioeconomic position (SEP) inequalities in diabetes mellitus in different areas of Europe, at the turn of the century, for men and women. Methods We analysed data from ten representative national health surveys and 13 mortality registers. For national health surveys the dependent variable was the presence of diabetes by self-report and for mortality registers it was death from diabetes. Educational level (SEP), age and sex were independent variables, and age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and risk ratios (RRs) were calculated.
BMJ open, 2017
To project the number of people aged 45-64 years with lost productive life years (PLYs) due to diabetes and related costs (lost income, extra welfare payments, lost taxation revenue); and lost gross domestic product (GDP) attributable to diabetes in Australia from 2015 to 2030. A simulation study of how the number of people aged 45-64 years with diabetes increases over time (based on population growth and disease trend data) and the economic losses incurred by individuals and the government. Cross-sectional outputs of a microsimulation model (Health&WealthMOD2030) which used the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers 2003 and 2009 as a base population and integrated outputs from two microsimulation models (Static Incomes Model and Australian Population and Policy Simulation Model), Treasury's population and labour force projections, and chronic disease trends data. Australian population aged 45-64 years in 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030. Lost PLY...
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. It is a major public health concern, affecting millions of people worldwide. Diabetes can lead to a variety of complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and blindness. Social determinants of health are the social and economic factors that influence health outcomes. These factors include income, education, housing, and access to healthcare. Research has shown that social determinants of health play a significant role in diabetes outcomes. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of social determinants of health on diabetes mellitus outcomes. Methods: This was a cross-sectional community-based study of adults with diabetes mellitus. Data was collected from a sample of adults with diabetes mellitus in a community setting. The data was analyzed using a variety of statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariate regression analysis. Results: The study found that social determinants of health were significantly associated with diabetes mellitus outcomes. People with lower incomes, less education, and less access to healthcare were more likely to have poor diabetes outcomes, such as uncontrolled blood sugar levels, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and diabetes complications. Conclusion: The Darfur region has seen a significant increase in diabetes complications, particularly among young adults aged 24-29. The study revealed a gender disparity in the sample population, with males having a higher prevalence of complications compared to females. The high incidence of diabetes-related complications highlights the need for effective interventions and strategies to manage and prevent the condition. The Darfur region also had the highest incidence of diabetes-related complications, emphasizing the need for better healthcare resources. The findings suggest the need for targeted interventions, gender-sensitive healthcare, improved healthcare accessibility, early detection and prevention strategies, and addressing regional inequalities to improve the quality of life for individuals living with diabetes.
14-YEAR Diabetes Incidence: The Role of Socio-Economic Status
Health reports, 2010
Diabetes prevalence is associated with low socioeconomic status (SES), but less is known about the relationship between SES and diabetes incidence. Data from eight cycles of the National Population Health Survey (1994/1995 through 2008/2009) are used. A sample of 5,547 women and 6,786 men aged 18 or older who did not have diabetes in 1994/1995 was followed to determine if household income and educational attainment were associated with increased risk of diagnosis of or death from diabetes by 2008/2009. Three proportional hazards models were applied for income and for education--for men, for women and for both sexes combined. Independent variables were measured at baseline (1994/1995). Diabetes diagnosis was assessed by self-report of diagnosis by a health professional. Diabetes death was based on ICD-10 codes E10-E14. Among people aged 18 or older in 1994/1995 who were free of diabetes, 7.2% of men and 6.3% of women had developed or died from the disease by 2008/2009. Lower-income w...
The Impact of Diabetes on Workforce Participation: Results from a National Household Sample
Health Services Research, 2004
Diabetes is a highly prevalent condition that results in substantial morbidity and premature mortality. We investigated how diabetes-associated mortality, disability, early retirement, and work absenteeism impacts workforce participation. We used the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a national household sample of adults aged 51-61 in 1992, as a data source. We conducted cross-sectional analyses on the baseline HRS data, and longitudinal analyses using data from eight years of follow-up. We used two-part regression models to estimate the adjusted impact of diabetes on workforce participation, and then estimated the economic impact of diabetes-related losses in productivity. Diabetes is a significant predictor of lost productivity. The incremental lost income due to diabetes by 1992 was 60.0 billion US dollars over an average diabetes duration of 9.7 years. From 1992 to 2000, diabetes was responsible for 4.4 billion US dollars in lost income due to early retirement, 0.5 billion US dollars due to increased sick days, 31.7 billion US dollars due to disability, and 22.0 US dollars billion in lost income due to premature mortality, for a total of 58.6 billion dollars in lost productivity, or 7.3 billion US dollars per year. In the U.S. population of adults born between 1931 and 1941, diabetes is associated with a profound negative impact on economic productivity. By 1992, an estimated 60 billion US dollars in lost productivity was associated with diabetes; additional annual losses averaged 7.3 billion US dollars over the next eight years, totaling about 120 billion US dollars by the year 2000. Given the rising prevalence of diabetes, these costs are likely to increase substantially unless countered by better public health or medical interventions.