Biodiesel production from algae grown on food industry wastewater (original) (raw)
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The feasibility of biodiesel production by microalgae using industrial wastewater
Bioresource Technology, 2012
This study investigated nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation and lipid production of microalgae in industrial wastewater. Two native strains of freshwater microalgae were evaluated their biomass growth and lipid production in modified BBM medium. Chlamydomonas sp. TAI-2 had better biomass growth and higher lipid production than Desmodesmus sp.TAI-1. The optimal growth and lipid accumulation of Chlamydomonas sp. TAI-2 were tested under different nitrogen sources, nitrogen and CO 2 concentrations and illumination period in modified BBM medium. The optimal CO 2 aeration was 5% for Chlamydomonas sp. TAI-2 to achieve maximal lipid accumulation under continuous illumination. Using industrial wastewater as the medium, Chlamydomonas sp. TAI-2 could remove 100% NH 4 + -N (38.4 mg/L) and NO 3 À -N (3.1 mg/L) and 33% PO 4 3À -P (44.7 mg/L) and accumulate the lipid up to 18.4%. Over 90% of total fatty acids were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 18:1, and 18:3 fatty acids, which could be utilized for biodiesel production.
Cultivation of micro-algae for Production of Biodiesel: An optimized Process
Research in Biotechnology, 2016
Microalgae are considered as one of the potential source of biodiesel for the future. The search to obtain the potential strains from the algal diversity capable of producing oil is critical for sustainable production of biodiesel. In the present study, microalgae biomass with oil/lipid accumulation capability and their morphological features was isolated from Lake Abaya and Chamo. The algal biomass was cultivated in vitro and media optimization for maximum biomass was done using different basal media, BG-11 medium, and Chu-10. In addition the various carbon sources, nitrogen sources, pH and temperature were considered in this study for optimization. Green algae Oedogonium, Chlorella and Cladophora species were observed to be dominant species and the maximum oil per dry algal biomass was found to be from Oedogonium sp. Thus from the present study for the cultivation of the selected algae, BG-11 medium supplemented with tryptone (0.2%) sucrose (2%) and pH-6 with incubation temperature of 30 0 C was found to be suitable. These results suggest that Oedogonium sp. has several desirable features that make it a potential candidate for biodiesel production.
Cultivating Microalgae in Domestic Wastewater for Biodiesel Production
Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2012
The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of nine species of microalgae (green and blue green microalgae) on domestic wastewater obtained from Zenein Wastewater Treatment Plant (ZWWTP), Giza governorate, Egypt. The species were cultivated in different wastewater treatments namely: without treatment; after sterilization; with nutrients with sterilization and with nutrients without sterilization. The experiment was conducted in triplicate and cultures were incubated at 25±1°C under continuous shaking (150 rpm) and illumination (2000 Lux) for 15 days. Algal growth parameters i.e., pH, electric conductivity (EC), optical density (OD), dry weight (DW) and chlorophyll-a (Ch-a) were measured at zero-time and at the end of the experimental period; while, the percentages of total lipids, biodiesel and the residual sediments (glycerine, pigments, etc) were determined in the harvested algal biomass. The data revealed that domestic wastewater with nutrients and with sterilization (T 3) was promising for cultivating five algal species as compared to the synthetic media. Moreover, the sterilized-domestic wastewater (T 2) was the selective medium for cultivating Oscillatoria sp. and Phormedium sp; however, T 1 medium (wastewater without treatment) was the promising medium for cultivating Nostoc humifusum. Biodiesel production from the algal species cultivated in synthetic media was ranging between 3.90% (Wollea saccata) and 12.52% (Nostoc muscorum). On the other hand, the highest biodiesel production from algal biomass cultivated in wastewater was obtained by Nostoc humifusum (11.80%) when cultivated in wastewater without treatment (T 1) and the lowest (3.80%) was recorded by Oscillatoria sp. when cultivated on the sterilized-domestic wastewater (T 2). The results of this study suggest that cultivating microalgae on domestic wastewater combines nutrients removal and algal lipid production for potential use as a biodiesel feedstock. Additionally, using the domestic wastewater, as nutrient media for microalgae cultivation, is suitable and non-expensive method as compared to the conventional cultivation methods for sustainable biodiesel and glycerol production.
Waste-free technology of wastewater treatment to obtain microalgal biomass for biodiesel production
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017
Five axenic cultures of microalgae were isolated from the wastewater of Almaty city and identified as Chlorella vulgaris strain N 1, Chlorella sp. strain N 3, Scenedesmus obliquus, Phormidium foveolarum and Lyngbya limnetica. Among these strains, C. vulgaris strain N 1 was characterized by the maximum growth rate and the highest productivity. Mass cultivation of this strain in wastewater resulted in accumulation of 5 Â 10 7 cells per ml in 16 days, and in the removal of~95% of pollutants from water. Cells of C. vulgaris consisted of~35% proteins, 29% carbohydrates, 30% lipids, and 6% ash, as calculated on a dry weight basis. The major fatty-acids of C. vulgaris were represented by palmitic, cis-7,10hexadecenoic acid, linoleic, and a-linolenic acids. Culturing in wastewater decreased the unsaturation index of FAs. Thus, C. vulgaris cells are suitable for both waste water purification and accumulation of biomass for further biodiesel production.
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Local single cell microalgae isolated from a wastewater swamp and identified as Scenedesmus obliquus was used to determine its applicability for utilization of domestic wastewater for biomass and lipid production. Secondary treated domestic wastewater with or without mixing of growth medium was used to cultivate S. obliquus for the biomass and lipid production as a renewable feedstock for biodiesel. S. obliquus showed the highest OD when grown in 100% Bold's basal medium (BBM). S. obliquus utilized 95.2% and 78.5% of P and N contents, respectively, when grown in 25% WW+75% BBM mixture and the utilization efficiency of both elements decreased with the increasing wastewater portion in the mixture. Although the BBM displayed the highest dry biomass and lipid production (25.15% of the cell dry biomass). The lowest values were recorded for the uninoculated wastewater, followed by 100% wastewater enriched with S. obliquus. The obtained data revealed that the lipid classes of S. obliquus differs according to the cultivation medium and conditions. The highest percentage of C16-C18 fatty acids (54.76% from total lipids) were recorded in case of algae cultivated in 100% wastewater, followed by 46.96% in case of 100% BBM medium. These results suggest the utilization of mixtures containing a higher portion of secondary treated wastewater, such as 75% WW+25% BBM or 50% WW+50% BBM, could increase the economical production of the lipid-rich microalgae S. obliquus for biodiesel through saving water and nutrients.
Characterization of biodiesel produced from microalgae grown on fish farm wastewater
SN Applied Sciences
This project investigated the influence of fish wastewater nutrients on properties of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of three microalgae species (Tetradesmus obliquus, Heterochlorella luteoviridis and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) cultivated in unmodified and modified fish farm wastewater (FFW). The fuel properties obtained from the FAME of microalgae cultivated in FFW were then compared to the fuel properties obtained from FAME of the same microalgae species cultivated in a standard growth media of modified tris-acetate-phosphate. FFW nutrients supported the accumulation of desirable biodiesel fatty acids. C16-C18 were the main fatty acid component in all samples making up to 95%. All samples had saturated fatty acids above 22% and over 60% unsaturated fatty acids. Fuel properties of biodiesel produced from microalgae species cultivated in FFW were similar to fuel properties of biodiesel from the same species cultivated in the standard growth media. When compared to ASTM D6751-02 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards, biodiesel from FFW had desirable fuel properties (cetane number, kinematic viscosity, density, higher heating value, cold filter plugging point and iodine value). Overall, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (in both FFW media) had the most suitable biodiesel property, especially when looking at the cold filter plugging point.
Potential of microalgae scenedesmus obliquus grown in brewery wastewater for biodiesel production
Chemical Engineering Transactions, 2013
This work aims to analyze the possibility of growing microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus) in a brewery wastewater as a potential candidate for biodiesel production. For this purpose S. obliquus was cultivated in a synthetic brewery wastewater at 12,000 Lux of light intensity, with a 12 h period of daily light and aeration. Under these conditions, results revealed an average lipid content of 27 % of dry-weight (dwt) biomass and average biomass and lipid concentrations of respectively, 0.90 and 0.24 g/L (of dwt biomass). The fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) transesterified from the lipids are mainly composed of saturated esters (56.4 %) among which, palmitate (C16:0) is the most significant with a relative percentage of 47.8 % (wt). With regard to the unsaturated esters, the percentage of 10.6 % (wt) obtained for linolenate (C18:3) is below the maximum limit imposed by the EN 14214:2003 standard for this ester in biodiesel. The average molecular mass of these lipids and FAME are respectively 845.2 and 283.1 g/mol.
Cultivation of algae consortium in a dairy farm wastewater for biodiesel production
Water Resources and Industry, 2015
Dairy farm wastewaters are potential resources for production of microalgae biofuels. A study was conducted to evaluate the capability of production of biodiesel from consortium of native microalgae culture in dairy farm treated wastewater. Native algal strains were isolated from dairy farm wastewaters collection tank (untreated wastewater) as well as from holding tank (treated wastewater). The consortium members were selected on the basis of fluorescence response after treating with Nile red reagent. Preliminary studies of two commercial and consortium of ten native strains of algae showed good growth in wastewaters. A consortium of native strains was found capable to remove more than 98% nutrients from treated wastewater. The biomass production and lipid content of consortium cultivated in treated wastewater were 153.54 t ha À 1 year À 1 and 16.89%, respectively. 72.70% of algal lipid obtained from consortium could be converted into biodiesel.
In this study, five microalgal cultures were isolated from municipal wastewater. These cultures were identified as Micractinium reisseri GHTR01, Scenedesmus obliquus GHTR02, Scenedesmus obliquus GHTR03, Scenedesmus obliquus GHTR04, and Scenedesmus obliquus GHTR05 based on the 92%, 98%, 98%, 99%, and 99% sequence similarities, respectively. Under similar experimental conditions the M. reisseri showed the highest dry biomass (1.06 ± 0.06 g/L) after 20 days incubation in BBM comparing to the other four isolates. M. reisseri was selected to be cultivated in an influent and two different effluents of domestic wastewater to determine its potential in the coupling of domestic wastewater treatment and biodiesel production. The highest dry biomass (0.29 ± 0.02 g/L) of the M. reisseri was observed in the influent. Dry biomass, lipid content and composition were evaluated in the influent and the two effluents after 10 days. The highest lipid content (40%) was observed in the tertiary effluent....
Micro Algae: A Potential Source of Biodiesel
Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, 2012
The economic development of the world is highly dependent on fossil fuel supplies which are constrained not only by limited availability but also generate high levels of pollution. Looking at the limited fossil fuel associated with problems, concerted efforts have been started to search for alternative bio fuels like bio ethanol and biodiesel. Since the diesel is being used massively in industrial commercial, agriculture and other sectors. Therefore, the production and utilization of biodiesel from oil seeds crops has been getting renewed interest in recent years in the India to overcome the demerits of oil from oil seed crops. The production of biodiesel from microalgae has several advantages over the above resources due to higher algal biomass and oil productivities and the need of non-arable land for its growth. Industrial and municipal wastewaters can be potentially utilized for cultivation of micro algal oil that can be used for the production of biodiesel to completely displace petro diesel. The micro algal biomass has been reported to yield high oil contents and have the diesel production. Accordingly, lot of R & D work has been initiated for the growth, harvesting, oil extraction and conversion to biodiesel.