Morphological variations of human pulmonary fissures: an anatomical cadaveric study in Sri Lanka (original) (raw)
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Variations in the lobes and fissures of lungs – a study in South Indian lung specimens
European Journal of Anatomy
Detailed knowledge of variations in the lobes and fissures of the lungs is important for radiologists to be able to correctly interpret radiological images and also for clinicians in planning segmental resection or pulmonary lobectomy. The right lung normally has three lobes divided by two fissures, and the left lung has two lobes divided by one fissure. Many studies have presented variations in the fissural and lobar patterns of the lungs through radiological examination, CT scan, and also through embalmed cadavers and specimens. We have conducted a study on 76 formalin- fixed lung specimens (36 right and 40 left) from male cadavers ranging from 45-65 years of age to characterize the variations in the formalinfixed lung specimens from a population of South Indian origin. It was found that four out of seventy -six lungs (5%) exhibited accessory lobes, and fourteen out of seventy-six lungs (18%) presented accessory fissures. These findings are of clinical importance and also of acade...
Morphological and morphometric analysis of lung: A cadaveric study
Asian journal of medical sciences, 2024
The lung is a respiratory organ in which steady development begins during the embryonic period at 0-7 weeks' gestation and continues into early childhood. Cardiothoracic surgeries and procedures such as lobectomy, segmental resection of bronchoscopy, require a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the lung. Study of length, fissures and lobes of the lung can guide the surgeons for the above procedures and help them to prevent undue complications during surgery. Many variations are noted by researchers till date in both the lungs in regards to length, breadth, fissures, and lobes. In the current study, we have also observed variations in fissures of lung. Aims and Objectives: To study the normal length, breadth, and thickness of both sides of lungs, variations in the length, breadth, and thickness of both sides of the lungs. To study the normal fissures, lobes and their variations, of both right and left lungs, and also to study the number of bronchi, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary vein. Materials and Methods: 50 Right and 50 left lungs were obtained from embalmed cadavers, used for dissection in the Department of Anatomy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, by using measuring tape and measuring scale. Photography was done by a DSLR camera. Results: The left lung shows maximum variations in the hilum. Out of 50 left lungs, 6 showed the absence of oblique fissures, 2 lungs had 2 arteries, 2 lungs had 2 Veins, and 1 had 2 bronchi. Out of 50 right lungs, 2 lungs showed 2 arteries, 2 lungs had 2 veins, and 2 had 3 bronchi. Conclusion: Knowledge of normal measurements of both sides of the lungs and their variations may help cardiothoracic surgeons avoid complications during surgery and it may help radiologists resolve uncertain radiographic findings.
A Study on Fissural Anatomy of lungs in Adult Human Cadavers -Its Clinical Importance
IOSR Journals , 2019
The lungs are essential organs of respiration and are situated in the thoracic cavity on either side of the mediastinum. The arrangement of lung tissue into lobes by fissures facilitates the movements of the lobes in relation to one another thus helping in uniform expansion of the whole lung in inspiration. The fissure may be complete, incomplete, or absent altogether. In the presence of these major variations, the left lung may have three lobes and the right lung may have four or only two lobes. The identification of the completeness of the fissure is important before lobectomy. Individuals with incomplete fissure are more prone to develop postoperative air leaks. Methods: 62 adult lungs available in the department were studied and the fissures with respect to the borders were noted. Results: Out of total 62 lungs studied, 30 were from left side and 32 were from right side. Out of 32 right lungs examined, the horizontal fissure was absent in 11 lungs and incomplete in 11 lungs. Complete horizontal fissure was seen in 10 lungs. Oblique fissure was incomplete in 20 lungs. The complete oblique fissures were reported in 12 lungs. Out of 30 left lungs, the incomplete oblique fissure was noted in 12 lungs and complete oblique fissures were present in 17 lungs. The oblique fissure was absent in 1 lung. Horizontal fissure is present in one left lung having three lobes. Studies have recorded the importance of fissural anatomy in explaining various radiological appearances of inter-lobar fluid, extension of fluid into an incomplete fissure, or spread of diseases through them. Recognition of laterality of fissure in the lung improves understanding of pneumonia, pleural effusion, collateral air drift along with disease, carcinoma spreading within lung, postoperative air leakage in incomplete fissure and misinterpretation of accessory fissure as atelectasis or consolidation, and segmental localization of the lung for thoracic, cardiothoracic surgeons for planning segmental resections or pulmonary lobectomy.
Variations of Lung Fissures: A Cadaveric Study
Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University
Background: The presence of fissures in the normal lungs enhances uniform expansion and hence facilitates more air intake. Accessory and incomplete fissures of varying depth can be seen in unusual locations of the lung, delimiting abnormal lobes which correspond to the normal bronchopulmonary segments. The knowledge of anatomical variations of lung fissures is essential for clinicians, surgeons, and for radiologist for recognizing various images of related abnormalities because an accessory or anomalous fissure can be mistaken for a lung lesion or an atypical appearance of pleural effusion. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to observe the variations of lung fissures in Indian population. Fifty pairs (right-50; left-50) of lungs were used for this study. Each lung was studied carefully for number of fissures whether complete or incomplete or absent. Presences of accessory fissures were noted. Results: We observed complete absence of fissures in two right and left l...
MedPulse International Journal of Anatomy, 2017
Background: Anatomical variations of lungs which include fissures and lobes of lungs are very necessary for the clinicians for recognizing their variable imaging appearances as well as related abnormalities. Aims and Objectives: So present study was undertaken to note such variations and compare these results with the other studies as well as to identify their clinical significance. Methods: For the study 32 pairs of formalin fixed lungs were taken. These specimens were cleaned, fine dissected and thoroughly observed for any variations of the fissures and lobes of the lungs. Variations were noted and photographed. Results: Among the left lungs, 01 showed presence of incomplete oblique fissure while in another lung there was total absence of oblique fissure, although in one lung there was presence of oblique fissure in the middle part of lung on the sternocostal surface. Accessory fissure was seen in 07 lungs. In right lungs 02 had incomplete oblique fissure, while horizontal fissure was incomplete in 12 lungs. 05 lungs were without the horizontal fissure. Accessory fissure was present in 05 lungs. Conclusion: The present results showed variations on the left side in 35.71% of total lungs in the form of incomplete/absent oblique fissure and presence of accessory fissure. On the right side 75% of the total lungs showed variations in the form of incomplete/absence of fissures and presence of incomplete fissures. These results were compared with previous studies n found to be correlated. Knowledge of these variations is important for both the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases of lungs.
Variations in the Morphology of Human Lungs and its Clinical Implications
Journal of Morphological Sciences, 2019
Objective To observe variations in the fissures, in the lobes, and in the hilar pattern of lungs and correlate these findings with clinical implications. Materials and Methods The present study was performed on random lung specimens available in the Department of Anatomy. A total of 96 lungs (47 right and 49 left) were studied for variations in the fissures and lobes, and 92 lungs (45 right and 47 left) for variations in the hilar pattern. Results Among the right-sided lungs, 70% presented incomplete horizontal fissure, 15% with absence of the horizontal fissure, and 51% with incomplete oblique fissure. Accessory fissures were also seen, but incomplete, and accounted for 17% of the total number of right lungs.Among the left-sided lungs, 62% presented incomplete oblique fissures, and 4% with absence of the oblique fissure. Accessory fissures accounted for 6% of the total number of left lungs.Regarding hilar pattern variations, 11% of the right-sided lungs showed > 2 bronchi, 69% s...
Lungs Lobes and Fissures: A Morphological Study
2014
Aim and Objective: The lobe pattern and fissures of lungs and their variations have a great clinical study as compared to gross anatomy. During routine dissections we have come across many variations in the fissure and lobes of lungs. Hence, the present study is undertaken, to note such variations, compare them with the previous studies and identify their clinical implications. Methods: Twenty five pairs of lungs were taken for the study, obtained from 25 formalin fixed Indian cadavers. These specimens were thoroughly observed for the pattern of lobes and fissures. Variations were noted and the specimens were photographed. Results: Ten right sided lungs showed absence of horizontal fissure. Incomplete oblique fissure was observed in 05 right sides and 04 left side lungs. 01 left lung showed absence of fissures a single solid lung. Accessory or supernumerary lobes were seen in 06 right side lungs and 04 left side lungs. Conclusion: The present results when compared with the previous ...
Morphological Variations of the Lung: A Cadaveric Study in Mumbai Population
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2017
The lungs are vital organs of respiration and are situated in the thoracic cavity on either side of the mediastinum. The lungs are divided by fissures into lobes which facilitate movements of lobes in relation to one another during respiration. The arrangement of lung tissue into lobes helps in uniform expansion of the whole lung in inspiration. As a medical specialist detailed knowledge of anatomical variations in lung is important. Materials and Methods: We studied the variations of fissures, lobes and hilar structures in 25 right and 25 left isolated lungs from the anatomy dissection hall at LTMMC &GH,
Journal of Nobel Medical College
Background: Fissures of lungs facilitate the movement of lobes which helps in expansion of lungs during breathing. The fissures may be complete, incomplete or absence. Sometime the accessory fissures may also present. Awareness of variations is essential during segmental resections as well as during radiological interpretation of lungs. Hence, the present study was aimed to study the morphological variations in fissures and lobes. Material and Methods: This study was consisted of sixty nine human lungs with irrespective of sex which were available in the department of anatomy of various medical colleges. All lung specimens were carefully observed and recorded for the presence of any variations in fissures and lobes. Results: The present study revealed that the absence of horizontal fissure was observed in 7.89%, while no specimen showed absence of oblique fissure on both sides. 35.48% of left lungs had incomplete oblique fissure compared to 28.95% of the right lungs. In addition, 2...