Additive effect of congenital heart disease and early developmental disorders on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: a nationwide population-based longitudinal study (original) (raw)
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The Correlation Between Congenital Heart Disease and The Risk of ADHD in Children
International Journal Of Scientific Advances
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect in the world, and patients are more prone to intellectual functioning deficits, developmental issues, and academic performance issues. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder and is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). While cardiac patients with ADHD symptoms are frequently misdiagnosed and, as a result, undertreated, this study examines the association between CHD and the risk of ADHD, including the effect of cardiac surgery on children. The data for this study was compiled by searching multiple databases using pertinent keywords. Through school age and adolescence, children with CHD have an elevated risk of neurodevelopmental impairment, specifically ADHD. In children with surgically corrected ADHD, inattention becomes the predominant subtype, and scores were significantly increased. However, the severity of the symptoms is reduced if cardiac surgery is performed at a ...
Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 2013
Background: As more children survive with congenital heart disease, their neurodevelopmental outcomes (including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) are becoming increasingly important. The objective of our study was to determine if school-aged children who underwent early cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease are more likely than healthy control subjects to have screening scores on the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV (SNAP-IV) questionnaire suggestive of ADHD. Methods: Children aged 7-15 years who underwent open-heart surgery before 1 year of age were identified from the Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Children's Heart Centre Database. Control subjects were R ESUM E
Frontiers in Psychology
BackgroundA national birth cohort study was used to investigate whether high-risk family factors at 1.5-year-olds can increase the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis when children reach 5.5 years. The pathway relationship of high-risk family factors, children's developmental conditions, risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID), learning disability (LD), and ASD was also investigated.MethodsThe 1.5-, 3- and 5.5-year-old Taiwan Birth Cohort Study (TBCS) dataset was used (N = 19,185). The high-risk familial factor was measured using five questions assessing whether parents are currently unmarried, unemployed, do not have any social insurance, perceive a “very heavy” economic childcare burden, and at least one of the parents has a disability certification. Developmental conditions were assessed using the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study—Developmental Instrument (TBCS-DI), and ASD risk was measured using the Modifie...
Istanbul Medical Journal, 2019
Amaç: Nörogelişimsel bozuklukların patogenezinde doğum öncesi ve erken yaşam dönemi maruziyetlerini içeren epigenetik değişiklikler, kalıtsal genler kadar ilgi çekici olmaya başlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada puberte öncesi dönemde dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB), otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) ve özgül öğrenme bozukluğu (ÖÖB) tanılı çocuklar için olası çevresel ve gelişimsel risk faktörlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 7-12 yaş aralığında 98 çocuk (24 DEHB, 24 ÖÖB, 26 OSB, 24 kontrol) alınmıştır. Tanısal değerlendirmede Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabına dayalı görüşme, Okul Çağı Çocukları için Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Görüşme Çizelgesi-şimdi versiyonu kullanılmıştır. Klinik değerlendirmede ebeveynler tarafından sosyo-demografik veri formu doldurulmuştur ve bilişsel değerlendirmede Wechsler Çocuklar İçin Zeka ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda düşük ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi, ebeveyn işsizliği, düşük gelirli aile ve birinci derece akrabalarda psikiyatrik hastalık öyküsü ÖÖB riski ile, prematürite öyküsü ve erken dönem kendini düzenleme güçlükleri OSB riski ile, allerji öyküsü DEHB riski ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada nörogelişimsel bozukluklarda olası rol oynayan pek çok farklı risk faktörü bulunması ileri epigenetik çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Öğrenme bozukluğu, otizm spektrum bozukluğu, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu, gelişimsel özellikler, risk faktörleri Introduction: Epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, including prenatal and early life exposures, are becoming as appealing as hereditary genes. This study aimed to investigate possible pre-pubertal environmental and developmental risk factors for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Specific Learning Disorder (SLD). Methods: The study included 98 children (24 ADHD, 24 SLD, 26 ASD, 20 controls) aged 7-12 years. The diagnostic evaluation was based on the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-age Childrenpresent version. Parents completed socio-demographic data form for clinical evaluation, and The Wechsler Children's Intelligence scale was used to assess cognitive skills. Results: In our study, low parental education level, parental unemployment, low-income, and history of psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives were associated with SLD risk, prematurity, and early self-regulation difficulties were associated with ASD risk, and history of allergy was associated with ADHD risk. Conclusion: In this study, the presence of many different risk factors that play a possible role in neurodevelopmental disorders suggests that further epigenetic studies are needed.
BMC Psychiatry, 2012
Background: Preterm survivors from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are considered to be at risk for some neurobehavioral disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study aimed to explore the relationship between ADHD and premature infants in Taiwan. Methods: A total of 195 children (157 males and 38 females) diagnosed with ADHD based on DSM-IV and aged between 6 to 12 years and a control group of 212 (164 males, 48 females) age-and sex-matched healthy children were enrolled. The ADHD-Rating scale and CGI severity were performed by child psychiatrists. Demographic data of the children, including birth history, perinatal neurological and respiratory problems were collected to facilitate the investigation of whether a correlation exists between ADHD and prematurity. Results: The ADHD group had a significantly higher rate of prematurity and significantly higher rate of low birth body weight (defined as <2500 g) than the control group (both P = 0.003). Pearson correlation showed a significantly negative correlation between gestational age and ADHD-RS score, inattentive score, hyperactivity and CGI-S score (P = 0.004, 0.013, 0.015 and 0.002, respectively). However, only a CGI-S score (P = 0.018) showed a significantly correlation between low birth weight and ADHD. Conclusions: Premature infants have significantly more severe symptoms of ADHD at school age and they were highly correlated. Further study is necessary to determine the main effect and pathogenesis of moderate as well as extreme preterm birth on the development of ADHD.
Cureus
Background Congenital heart conditions often cause developmental delays and impact neurodevelopment throughout one's lifetime. Hence, it is crucial to analyze the impact that heart defects have on the developing brain of a child. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken given the paucity of studies on the developmental status in children with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in central India, where we tried to evaluate and compare the prevalence of neurodevelopmental delay in individuals with different congenital cardiac disorders. The objectives of our study were, firstly, to utilize the Denver Developmental Screening Test 2 (DDST-2) to evaluate the neurodevelopmental conditions in children with CHD; secondly, to compare the neurodevelopmental state of children with acyanotic CHD (ACHD) and cyanotic CHD (CCHD); and thirdly, to ascertain the prevalence of developmental delay in children with CHD. Methodology The study population comprised children aged six months to six years with two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography confirmation of CHD; those who were critically ill, had genetic syndromes, and were not willing to participate in the study were excluded. The neurodevelopmental assessment was conducted using the DDST-2. The screening looked at each patient's progress in four areas: personal-social, fine motoradaptive, language, and gross motor. Based on these observations, results were obtained and interpreted. Result Out of 82 children with CHD, the prevalence rate of developmental delay according to the DDST-2 was found to be maximum in the gross motor domain and the least affected in the social domain, which was similar to the analysis of developmental delay by developmental quotient (DQ). The comparative analysis of developmental delay in ACHD and CCHD according to the DDST-2 showed a significant P value only in the gross motor domain. Conclusion The DDST-2 is a straightforward screening tool for determining how well-developed infants with CHD are. The gross motor domain is the most frequently damaged in ACHD and CCHD, followed by the fine motor domain, and the social domain is the least affected. Cyanotic CHD patients are more susceptible to developmental delay than children with ACHD.
National Journal of Research in Community Medicine
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a Neuro-developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, restricted and repetitive behaviors. The symptoms of ASD and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) often co-occur. The DSM-V, in its revised ADHD diagnostic criteria, recognizes the frequency of this co-occurrence and allows, for the first time, a co-morbid diagnosis of ADHD with ASD. This allows more efficient clinical management of these children. Aim: To describe the profile of children with ASD enrolled in the Multimodal therapy unit of a tertiary care hospital and to estimate the co-occurrence of ADHD among these children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 50 children with ASD enrolled in the Multimodal therapy unit of a tertiary care hospital in Tirunelveli in 2018after obtaining informed consent from the parent. Children were classified into the 3 levels based on the support they need. The diagnosis on the co-occurrence of ADHD was made based on DSM-V criteria. Results: Among the children ,78% were males and 22% were females. The mean age of diagnosis of ASD was 2 years. 38% were in level 1, 46% in level 2 and 16% in level 3 based on the support they need. Co-occurrence of ASD with ADHDwas28% (10% attention deficit and 18% hyperactivity). Conclusion: The co-occurrence of ASD and ADHD is high. The study stresses the need for a very detailed examination for ADHD features among children with ASD for better management.
Pre- and Perinatal Risk Factors in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Biological Psychiatry, 2012
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent and disabling lifespan disorder, but little is yet known about risk factors for ADHD persisting beyond adolescence. The present study investigates the association between pregnancy and birth complications and ADHD in adulthood. We used data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to compare pre-and perinatal risk factors among 2323 adults approved for medical treatment for ADHD, with the remaining population born during the same years, 1967-1987, and surviving into adulthood (n = 1,170,073). Relative risks (RR) adjusted for potential confounders were calculated. Preterm (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 37 weeks of gestation) and extremely preterm birth (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 28 weeks of gestation) were associated with 1.3- and 5-fold increased risks of ADHD, respectively. Birth weights &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;2500 g and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;1500 g also increased the risk of ADHD (RR: 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-1.8, and RR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3-3.6, respectively). Five-minute Apgar scores &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;4 and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;7 were associated with 2.8- and 1.5-fold increased risks of persisting ADHD, respectively. Maternal epilepsy (RR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.7) and offspring oral cleft (RR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6-4.9) occurred more frequently among adult ADHD patients. This is the first population-based study of pre-and perinatal risk factors in adults with ADHD. We show that low birth weight, preterm birth, and low Apgar scores increase the risk of ADHD, persisting up to 40 years after birth. The increased risk of ADHD related to oral cleft and to maternal epilepsy warrants further investigation to explore possible causal mechanisms.
Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses, 2020
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are both lifelong neurological and developmental disorders that affect children at an earlier age. The etiology of both disorders is complex. Aim: was to assess the risk factors associated with pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum periods among mothers having Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and Attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) children retrospectively. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-retrospective study design was used to recruit 134 Saudi mothers having autistic and ADHD children from 3 settings located at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Three tools were used to collect data which are The Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI), risk factors questionnaires, and demographic characteristics of the participants. Validity, reliability, and piloting of the tools were done and ensured. Results: Mothers ages range between 23 years and 65 years. The mean of maternal age was 27...
Risk Factors for Abnormal Developmental Trajectories in Young Children With Congenital Heart Disease
Circulation, 2015
Background— Children with congenital heart disease are at risk for developmental delay. This study sought to identify early risk factors for abnormal developmental trajectories in children with congenital heart disease. Methods and Results— Children with congenital heart disease at high risk for developmental delay, without known genetic abnormality, and with ≥3 assessments by the use of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, were studied. Logistic regression was used to assess the impact of patient and clinical factors on cognitive, language, and motor score trajectories; classified as: average or improved if all scores were ≥85 (<1 standard deviation below the mean) or increased to ≥85 and never decreased; or abnormal if all scores were <85, fell to <85 and never improved, or fluctuated above and below 85. Data on 131 children with 527 Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition assessments were analyzed. Subject age was 5.5...