Unraveling the secrets of Medulloblastoma: a comprehensive review of molecular pathways associated with pathogenesis, therapeutic resistance and potential treatment strategies (original) (raw)

Abstract

Background: Medulloblastoma (MB), a leading intracranial malignant tumor in children, presents complex challenges due to its diverse molecular pathways and resistance to traditional therapies. Recent research has provided insights into its pathogenesis, revealing significant genetic aberrations and molecular subgroups that influence disease progression and treatment response. Objective: This review aims to synthesize current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying MB's pathogenesis, therapeutic resistance, and to evaluate the potential and efficacy of emerging treatment strategies. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on studies published in major scientific databases. The criteria for inclusion involved relevance to MB's molecular pathways, epidemiology, treatment strategies, and therapeutic resistance. Key data were extracted and analyzed systematically to understand the disease's molecular underpinnings and treatment implications. Results: MB is classified into four molecular subgroups-WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4-each with distinct genetic mutations and clinical presentations. Key findings include the identification of specific signaling pathways crucial for tumor growth and survival, such as Wnt, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and Hedgehog. Treatments are evolving towards targeted therapies, including immunotherapies and drugs focusing on specific signaling pathways. Diagnostic approaches primarily rely on imaging techniques like CT and MRI, which help in identifying tumor characteristics essential for treatment planning. Conclusion: Advancements in molecular biology have significantly enhanced the understanding of MB, leading to more personalized and targeted treatment approaches. These developments promise to improve survival rates and reduce treatment-related morbidity, thereby improving the quality of life for MB patients. However, ongoing research and innovation remain crucial to address the challenges in treating this complex disease.

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