Concentrations of cytokines in plasma of patients with large burns: their relation to time after injury, burn size, inflammatory variables, infection, and outcome (original) (raw)
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Serum cytokine levels (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, GM-CSF) in burned patients
Burns, 1995
The presence and concentration of selected rytokines (inferleukin 4 (IL-g), inferleukin 6 [lL-6), inferleukin 8 (IL-S), granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colonysfimulafing facfor (GM-C,%)) were evaluated in the sera of 12 burned patients (6-W per cent body surface area), The presence of cytokines in the sem of 20 healthy volunteers (control group) was always undetectable { < 2 pglml). In seru of the burned patients the concentrations of IL-4 or GM-C.% were also below the test sensifivify leveis, while G-CSF and IL-6 were presenf throughout all the observation period and IL-8 was detectable at the onset of massive infections. The serum concentrations of G-CSF and IL-6 increased during the episodes of clinically and bacteriologically detectable infections. Their increases were, however, observable 12-24 h later than the other infection symptoms. Sin&r increases in G-CSF and IL-6 levels have been defected during corrective surgery (covering of granulation tissue with skin grGIJts). If may be concluded that serum G-CSF and IL-6 levels in burned patients may be considered as diagnostic factors, but the delays in fhe reaction to the massive infection do not allow MS to use them for predicting the time of onset of the infection.
Burns, 2019
Burn injury causes major inflammatory activation and cytokine release, however, the temporal resolution of the acute and sub-acute inflammatory response has not yet been fully delineated. To this end, we have quantified 20 inflammatory mediators in plasma from 44 adult patients 0-21 days after burn injury and related the time course of these mediators to % total body surface area (TBSA) burned, clinical parameters, organ failure and outcome. Of the cytokines analyzed in these patients, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) correlated to the size of the injury at 24-48h after burn injury. In our study, the concentration of IL-10 had prognostic value in patients with burn injury both measured at admission and at 24-48h after injury. However, simple demographic data such as age, % burned TBSA, inhalation injury and their combination, the Baux score and modified Baux score, outperform most of the cytokines, with the exception of IL-8 and MCP-1 levels on admission, in predicting death.
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 1993
We measured plasma levels of interieukin-1l6 (IL-1j5), tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa), and interdeukin-6 (IL-6) following thermal injury. Cytokine levels In the plasma of 27 burned patients were serially screened by ELISA and compared with cytokine levels > in 16 healthy laboratory employees. The relationships between cytokine_ (.0 concentrations and patient mortality, bum size, and time postbum were examined. Plasma samples with detectable amounts of IL-1ft and IL-6 were significantly more frequent in burned patients than In controls, whereas TNFa was undetectable in most plasma samples. All nonsurviving burned patients had detectable -6 levels; theseSt were significantly higher than those of surviving patients. The IL-1# and IL-6 concentrations were highest during the first week after injury and declined over time. The IL-18 concentrations were positively correlated with bum size. These findings ___ suggest that IL-16 and IL-6 may influence metabolic and Immunologic responses in the first few weeks following thermal Injury. Tumor necrosis factor a was transiently Q elevated in a small subpopulation of burned patients with no obvious relationship to MM bum size or time posthum.r S From the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston,
Immune system effectors as biomarkers of prognosis after acute burns in a case-control study
Academia Biology, 2024
Burns are a global health problem due to frequent complications, which lead to systemic inflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan dysfunction, and death. Following the initial injury, it has been demonstrated that the immune system plays a key role in early inflammation, tissue regeneration, and the response against pathogens. In this study, the performance of laboratory determinations as biomarkers of prognosis in acute burned patients was evaluated in a retrospective case-control protocol. Laboratory determinations were immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C4 protein (C4), total serum protein (TP), albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol (CHOL), pseudocholinesterase activity (CHE), and transferrin. Patients in the deceased group (DG) showed lower initial IgG levels (p < 0.05) than patients in the survivor group (SG), with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.86, and this difference persisted during the hospitalization period. Furthermore, DG patients showed a decrease in CHOL and CHE during the hospitalization period (NPV of 0.86), a tendency that was not observed for the SG. Albumin, TP, C4, and transferrin showed lower initial values in DG than the SG, with a strong correlation with the total burned surface area (TBSA). These results indicate that IgG, CHOL, and CHE measurement might provide useful information for medical intervention independently of the TBSA and suggest that the measurement of TBSA-linked parameters might help to estimate the severity of burns more objectively. In this paper, the causes and implications of the alteration of effector molecules of the immune system are discussed.
Frontiers in Immunology, 2021
Introduction: Burn injury is associated with a high risk of death. Whether a pattern of immune and inflammatory responses after burn is associated with outcome is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the association between systemic immune and inflammatory responses and outcome in severely-ill burn patients.Materials and Methods: Innate immunity, adaptive immunity, activation and stress and inflammation biomarkers were collected at admission and days 2, 7, 14, and 28 in severely-ill adult burn patients. Primary endpoint was mortality at day 90, secondary endpoint was secondary infections. Healthy donors (HD) served as controls. Multiple Factorial Analysis (MFA) was used to identify patterns of immune response.Results: 50 patients were included. Age was 49.2 (44.2–54.2) years, total burn body surface area was 38.0% (32.7–43.3). Burn injury showed an upregulation of adaptive immunity and activation biomarkers and a down regulation of innate immunity and stress/inflammation bi...
Assessment of Neopterin and Interleukin-1 Beta Serum Levels in Burn Patients
Background: The burn is an injury consisting of the destruction of the skin and the underlying tissues. The neopterin(Neo) is produced by activated macrophages, in response to interferon-gamma derived from activated T cell. Interleukin1 beta (IL-1β) is an important mediator of the inflammatory response. Objective: Estimation of Neo and IL-1β in burned patients to determine the changes in these parameters in relation to percentage of total burn body surface area (TBSA%) and the duration of hospital stay. Patients and Methods: Fifty burned patients who were admitted to West Erbil Emergency Hospital in Erbil governorate were included. Out of 50 burnt patients 20 patients were secondly sampled to follow-up serum levels for Neo and IL-β. The burn patients in this study was divided into four groups according to the TBSA%. Results: Comparing mean concentration of serum Neo and IL-1β in burn patients and healthy control revealed increased levels of Neo and IL-1β in burnt patients with increased TBSA% , indeed IL-1β serum level also increased in non-survivor burn patients compared with survivor patients and HC. Indeed levels of Neo level increased significantly in (10) day post burn. Conclusion: Levels of Neo and IL-1β increased in burnt patients with increased TBSA%, non-survivor compared with survivor patients and HC. Indeed levels of Neo level increased in (10) day post burn.
Interleukin-6 Serum Levels Correlate With Severity of Burn Injury but Not With Gender
Journal of Burn Care & Research, 2017
Burn injury is still tragically associated with a very high morbidity and a significant overall mortality. 1 Severe burns are characterized by 2 stages: an initial systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) followed by the compensatory anti-inflammatory syndrome. The early overwhelming inflammatory response and the secondary occurring immunoparalysis are considered key factors in the propensity for development of secondary infection resulting in the high morbidity and mortality rates observed in severely burned patients. 2 Proinflammatory cytokine production in the immediate phase after burn injury is considered to be a hallmark of SIRS, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to be an important initiator of this inflammatory cascade. 3-6 A variety of inducers like LPS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 have been identified in sepsis, while additional factors modulating IL-6 levels are
Burns, 2000
Tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) and tumor necrosis factor receptor I and II (TNFRI and TNFRII) were studied in 24 burn patients who had a total burn surface area (TBSA) of 50.2220.4%. Immediately after the injury, both the TNFRI and TNFRII levels correlated signi®cantly with TBSA r 0X7344, P < 0.0001; r 0X6074, P 0X0012). The TNFRI and TNFRII levels immediately after the injury were signi®cantly higher in the 11 patients who later died of their burns than in the 13 patients who survived (0.8 2 0.4 ng/ml vs. 1.8 2 0.7 ng/ml, P 0X0002; 2.3 2 1.1 ng/ml vs. 4.5 2 1.6 ng/ml, P 0X0009). The TNF-a levels immediately after the injury did not dier signi®cantly between the group that survived and the group that died. The TNFRI and TNFRII values for the entire follow-up period also correlated signi®cantly with TBSA. Peak TNFRI and TNFRII levels were signi®cantly higher in the group that died than in the group that survived (6.024.7 ng/ml vs. 14.127.8 ng/ml, P 0X0009; 7.0 2 5.1 ng/ml vs. 16.7 2 5.2 ng/ml, P 0X0003). The TNF-a levels correlated signi®cantly with both the TNFRI and the TNFRII levels. The TNFRI and TNFRII levels thus closely re¯ected the severity of the burns in both the acute postburn period and the subsequent follow-up period. In other words, these parameters well re¯ected the severity and outcome of the burns, irrespective of the presence or absence of accompanying infection. #
Sanamed, 2020
Introduction: Burn, depending on the degree of severity and depth, induces significant pathophysiological response of the body. Our study is the prospective study for assessment of T lymphocyte immunological changes in patients with burns, with different degrees of %TBSA and depth of burns. Research objectives: Objectives of this study were to assess %CD3+Ly, %CD4+Ly, %CD8+Ly, %CD3+ HLA-DR+Ly, %CD4+Ly /CD8+Ly), of burned body with different %TBSA degrees, different depth burns and to establish predictive value of immune suppression these parameters. Patients and methods: According to %TBSA, patients were classified into three groups: mild burns with TBSA% < 15% (30 patients), group of medium burns with %TBSA from 15%-25% (30 patients) and group with %TBSA > 25% to 40% (30 patients). According to the depth of burns, patients were classified into two groups, partial-thickness burns, (39 patients), and full-thickness burns (51 patients). We followed laboratory parameters: % CD3+L...
Immunological approaches and therapy in burns (Review)
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2020
Burns have become an important public health problem in the last two decades, with just over a quarter of a million deaths annually. Major burns are accompanied by a strong inflammatory response, which will most often lead to systemic response inflammatory syndrome, followed by sepsis and finally induce multiple organ failure. The main mechanism involved in wound healing after burns is the inflammatory process, characterized by the recruitment of myeloid and T cells and by the involvement of numerous cytokines, chemokines, complement fractions, as well as various growth factors. Inflammasomes, protein-based cytosolic complexes, activated during metabolic stress or infection, play a role in modulating and improving the defense capacity of the innate immune system. Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been studied predominantly and several hypotheses have been issued. Restoring the balance between the pro-inflammatory response and the anti-inflammatory activity is the key element to effective therapy in burns. Severe burns require nutritional support and pharmacotherapy not only for burn area but for different pathological complications of burn injury. In-depth research is required to find new ways to modulate the defense capacity, to prevent the complications of abnormal immune response and to treat burn injuries efficiently. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Burns and host immune response 3. The involvement of inflammasomes in burn and host immune response 4. Burns and the therapy 5. Conclusions