Synthesis and characterization of low dimensional structure of carbon nanotubes (original) (raw)
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were discovered by S. Iijima, 3 who was looking for new carbon structures, in the deposit formed on graphite cathode surfaces during the electric-arc evaporation (or discharge) that is commonly employed to produce fullerene soot. The CNTs, also known as tubular fullerenes, are cylindrical graphene sheets of sp 2 bonded carbon atoms. These nanotubes are concentric graphitic cylinders closed at either end due to the presence of five-membered rings. The CNTs can be multiwalled with a central tube of nanometric diameter surrounded by graphitic layers separated by ~0.34nm [ ]. Unlike the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) there is only the tube and no graphitic layers i.e. SWNTs consist of singular graphene cylindrical walls. In 1999, Rode et al., 4,5 prepared a new form of carbon, a low-density cluster assembled carbon nanofoam. Carbon nanofoam has been prepared by a high-repetition-rate, high-power laser ablation of glassy carbon in Ar atmosphere. The nanofoam possesses a fractallike structure consisting of carbon clusters with an average diameter of 6-9 nm randomly interconnected into a web-like foam.The nanofoam is the first form of pure carbon to display ferromagnetism albeit temporary, at room temperature . 6 Ever since, the discovery of CNTs, several ways of preparing them has been explored. The CNTs have been synthesized by various methods e.g. electric arc discharge, laser evaporation and chemical vapor deposition. 7-9 These methods are very useful and are of widespread importance. The CNTs can be inert and can have a high aspect ratio, high tensile strength, low mass density, high heat conductivity, large surface area and versatile electronic behavior including high electron conductivity.
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Carbon nanotubes are in the forefront of nanomaterials research since their discovery last decade. These carbon molecules are tiny tubes with diameters down to 0.4 nm, while their lengths can grow up to a million times their diameter. In this paper the most common fabrication methods for Carbon Nanotubes are explained and their remarkable properties are portrayed, namely mechanical, electrical and electronic properties. Finally, some applications of Carbon Nanotubes based on the aforementioned properties are discussed.
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In this paper we review history, types, structure and different synthesis methods for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) including arc discharge, laser ablation & chemical vapor deposition. CNTs are hollow carbon structures with one or more walls, a small diameter on the nanometer scale and a large length in comparison. Because of their remarkable electronic and mechanical properties, they are unique and exciting and offer tremendous opportunities for the development of fundamentally new material systems. These cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology. Their unique surface area, stiffness, strength and resilience have led to much excitement in the field of pharmacy.