Caries prevention programs for children based on the current health care system in Poland (original) (raw)
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Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
INTRODUCTION: To counteract tooth decay in the Żywiec area, the local authorities implemented a health programme aimed at children from 4 to 15 years of age. The programme included educational and preventive actions (oral examinations and the sealing of I and II permanent molars). The aim of this study was to measure the effectiveness of the health programme. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 12-year-olds who participated in the study were from: the town of Żywiec and covered by the Programme (P group; n = 441); the town of Żywiec, but not covered by the Programme (CT group; n = 131) and non-participants in the Programme from the countryside around Żywiec (CR group; n = 135). The effectiveness of the programme was measured by analysing a survey evaluating the children's awareness of oral health and an examination of their teeth, in particular, the first and second permanent molars. RESULTS: The children from Group P were more knowledgeable (p < 0.001), had a lower frequency of decay in their permanent teeth (p < 0.001), lower than average values for DMFT (1.3; p < 0.001) and DMFS (1.4; p < 0.001), lower rates of SiC (3.2; p < 0.001) and higher rates of preventive sealant on I (p < 0.001) and II (p < 0.001) molars, than in both control groups. For comparison, Group CT: DMFT = 4.5, DMFS = 5.2, SiC = 7.2; and group CR: DMFT = 3.5, DMFS = 4.3, SiC = 7.0. The treatment index in Group CR (0.44) was much lower than in Groups P (0.80) and CT (0.76). CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a preventative programme of this nature could bring benefits not only in Poland but also in countries where the state of oral health is very low. KEY WORDS 12-year-old children, health programme, frequency of caries, DMFT, sealing of molars STRESZCZENIE WSTĘP: Aby obniżyć częstość występowania próchnicy zębów w Żywcu, władze samorządowe wdrożyły program dedykowany dzieciom w wieku 4-15 lat. Program obejmował działania edukacyjne i profilaktyczne (badanie jamy ustnej oraz lakowanie I i II stałych zębów trzonowych). Celem pracy było zmierzenie skuteczności programu zdrowotnego.
Revista de Cercetare şi Intervenţie Socială, 2010
The purpose of the paper is the identification of knowledge regarding the prophylaxis of dental caries in a group of children coming from disadvantaged backgrounds. A number of 86 children coming from disadvantaged environments were assessed, registered in SOS Children's Villages Association of Romania-Counseling and Support Centre for Children and Parents of Cisn\die, who received questionnaires applied for this study purpose. Daily brushing requirement is known by a rate of 89.5% children included in the study, 96% of children knowing that they should have their own toothbrush. The toothbrush change frequency is known by 68.6% of study participants. When asked about the technique of brushing, the response rate was only 52.3%, there is a large number of questionnaires that had not marked any answer to this question. The role of auxiliary dental hygiene means is known in the proportion of 79.1% for mouthwash, and 50% for the dental floss. There is a significant difference between flossing and mouthwash (<0,001%), the concepts being known therefore differently. Carioprophylactic nutrition has been recognized by 89,5% of study participants. Most children do not know or they are not enrolled in a program of sealing or fluorization (94,2%). There is a significant difference between the procedures of sealing and fluorization. (<0,001%). A continuing medical edu
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 2016
Introduction. Dental caries is considered to be a modern civilization disease;however, the state of oral health negatively influences psychological and sociological relations in children which leads to feelings of discomfort from early age. Objective. The aim of study was evaluation of the association between incidence of dental caries (d 3 ft index) in preschool children from urban and rural areas, and determining the relationship between dental caries intensity and hygienic habits. Materials and Method. 844 children aged 3-6 years from the city and the countryside were examined. The survey was conducted among parents/care givers regarding dental care of children. With parents' consent, the children had a dental examination. Results. The incidence of caries was recorded at the level of 52.61%, with an average value of 4.31 on the d 3 ft index; however, for the children from the urban area this ratio amounted to 4.15, and in the countryside it reached the value of 4.7. A correlation was found between age and area of residence of the children and various components of hygienic behavior model. Conclusions. More than a half of the children had dental caries in combination with a high frequency of unsatisfactory hygiene needs. There is a relationship between oral hygiene habits and age of the children, depending on the place of residence.
Prevalence of Dental Caries in the Municipality Gorazde During the Period 2007-2012
Materia Socio Medica, 2013
Introduction: Dental caries today, regardless of known multi causal etiology of the disease and the possibility of its effective prevention still represents the most widespread disease of our civilization, which affects about 95% of our population. It affects all populations and age groups and is a disease that is very difficult to completely eradicate due to a complex interaction of biological factors, eating habits, social status Etc. Goal is to report the prevalence of dental caries, DMFT-index and DMFT index in the first and seventh grades of grammar school in the municipality Gorazde during the last six years. Material and methods: Children, which have yet to enroll in school and in the seventh grade children, have required medical examinations. A total of 1198 first grade and 1666 seventh-grade students are included. To determine the prevalence of dental caries DMFT was used. Examinations are carried out in accordance with the methodology and criteria of the WHO, by a dental mirror and dental probe. Results:
Evaluation of an intensified preventive programme aimed at 12-year-olds with increased caries risk
2012
Aim Selective intensified prevention (SIP) was introduced by the Dental Public Health Service in Marburg County in 1995. SIP is offered at individual schools in underprivileged districts including enhanced health education and oral hygiene instructions as well as fluoride varnish applications four times per year. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the programme in 12-year-old children in comparison to a control region. Subject and Methods The intervention group consisted of children attending schools in socially deprived areas in the county of Marburg-Biedenkopf who had participated in the preventive programme for 6 years. Control group subjects were recruited from schools in socially deprived areas in the county of Osnabrück with no school-based topical fluoridation programme. Caries experience was recorded using the criteria of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II). Other variables such as oral hygiene behaviour, knowledge of dental health and dental fear were examined psychometrically. The statistical evaluation was performed by SPSS 17.0. To compare the mean caries scores of various subgroups, non-parametric tests were performed. Results In Marburg 236 children were examined, and 689 were participating in the control region. The samples were parallelized by constructing matched pairs with children from the control region. After matching the data of 210 children in each region, a total of 420 were involved in the statistical evaluation. Combining ICDAS scores 3 to 6 children from the control region (mean D 3-6 MFT: 1.73) showed roughly double the caries experience compared to the test group (mean D 3-6 MFT: 0.88, p<0.005). Concerning health knowledge, Marburg pupils did not exhibit superiority but dental fear was reported to a lesser extent. Conclusion The results of our study confirm a caries preventive effect of SIP. The intervention group showed better oral health in all dental outcome variables reviewed. Both groups showed similar results regarding dietary habits, prophylaxis knowledge and oral hygiene. This leads to the conclusion that the effect of the preventive programme is primarily based on the application of fluoride varnish.
Incidence of caries in children of rural and subrural areas in Croatia
Collegium antropologicum, 2008
The aim of this paper was to determine certain regularities in caries incidence in children in primary and permanent dentition in respect of clinical and non-clinical variables that can be collected in everyday dental practice. This way it could be easier for the operator to adjust individual preventive therapy of patients. The study was conducted on 301 subjects, aged 3-6 (74 subjects) and 11-14 (227 subjects) inhabitants of Petrinja and Topusko, postwar rural and subrural areas in Central Croatia. Using an oral hygiene questionnaire, habits, diet and use of fluoride were assessed. The clinical finding comprised the dental status, amount of stimulated saliva, oral hygiene index and the presence of orthodontic anomaly. Children showed very high values of the dmf-t/DMF-T (decayed, missing, filled index) (7.7/6.7), dmf-s/DMF-S (16.5/11.8), and significant index of caries (SiC = 10.89). The study confirmed correlation between the OHI (oral hygiene index) and dmf-t/DMF-T and dmf-s/DMF-S...
Risk factors associated with the development of dental caries in Bulgarian children
International Journal of Public Health Science, 2021
The purpose of this study was to examine the risk factors associated with the development of dental caries in children in Bulgaria. The research has been carried out at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, in the period 2015-2016, with the permission of the University Scientific Research Committee and informed consent signed by each parent. The subject of observation was parents of children from Varna region in Bulgaria. The results were statistically processed with SPSS v.20.0, using variation and comparison (chi-square) analyzes. For significance level we assume p<0.05. The volume of observation encompasses 100 persons. Units of observation are patients aged three to six years with the need for prevention and treatment of dental caries of the primary dentition. The registration was done in a specially developed questionnaire, including 22 questions, each with the possibility of more than one answer. In processing the obtained data, Student's criterion was used to compare the mean values of two independent samples. In a comparative analysis of the results, we found that 71.01% of children aged three to six years visit a dentist, and patients use fluoride only in the form of toothpaste containing fluoride. When studying the knowledge and behavior of parents in the direction of risk factors for the development of dental caries and oral prophylaxis, need for a new approach of pediatric dentists has been found, focused on programming preventive and non-invasive treatment of children according to their individual needs.
Anthropological Review, 2019
The prevalence of early childhood caries and its level varies. The present study was to establish the trends in dental caries and the impact of behavioural changes on the prevalence of caries in three-yearolds in Poland within a fifteen-year period. The results of a cross sectional survey carried out on 3439 three-year-olds in 2002, 2009, and 2017 using WHO criteria for dental caries (dmft, dmft=0, dmft≥4) and the results of a questionnaire filled by their parents with data on sociodemographics, oral hygiene and dietary habits, especially their sugar intake, were assessed. The dmft/dmfs index is applied to the primary dentition and is expressed as the total number of teeth/surfaces that are decayed, missing, or filled. The Cochran-Armitage test for trend was used to assess the fraction changes in time. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the changes in dmft trends and the correlations between behavioural changes, awareness levels, and the prevalence of caries. Within the fifteen-year period minimal changes in the prevalence of early childhood caries (15% down), dmft≥4 (11.4% down) and a lower dmft (36% down) were accompanied by a better parent awareness about the causes of caries and better oral hygiene routines. Sugary beverages were no longer drank at least once a day, however sweetened milk, cake, doughnuts, and sweet rolls were consumed more often. Being female, living in an urban area, having parents more aware about caries, consuming sugary beverages less frequently, brushing teeth twice a day, and using a fluoride toothpaste promoted lower early childhood caries. Gradually healthier teeth are linked to an increased awareness of the parents and healthier routines. A too frequent exposure to sugar promotes early childhood caries. Should the changes of dietary habits be insufficient, brushing teeth with fluoride toothpaste becomes crucial.
Protective Factors for Early Childhood Caries in 3-Year-Old Children in Poland
Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2021
Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) remains highly prevalent in preschool children worldwide. Dental caries affects every second 3-year-olds in Poland. The aim of the study was to assess protective factors for ECC in 3-year-olds.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2017 among 3-year-olds attending kindergartens in all 16 provinces of Poland. The questionnaire included socioeconomic factors, and oral health behaviors. Decayed, missing due to caries and filled teeth and surfaces were assessed. Caries indices (dmft and dmfs), percentage of caries-free and severe ECC (S-ECC) were calculated. The Student's t-test, Spearman correlation, univariate and multivariate logistic regression (the odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR): confounding factors: socioeconomic conditions, oral health behaviors) were performed; p < 0.05.Results: A total of 1,638 children were included. ECC was confirmed in 41.1%; S-ECC in 23.4%. The dmft index was 1.85 ± 3.14, dmfs = 2....