Standard Doses of Cholecalciferol Reduce Glucose and Increase Glutamine in Obesity-Related Hypertension: Results of a Randomized Trial (original) (raw)
European Journal of Endocrinology, 2008
Objective: Investigate whether cholecalciferol supplementation leads to weight loss in overweight and obese adults. Design: Randomized double blind clinical trial with 20 000 IU cholecalciferol twice a week, or 20 000 IU once a week plus placebo, or placebo twice a week, for 12 months. All subjects were given 500 mg calcium supplementation. Methods: Four hundred and forty five healthy, overweight, and obese men and women (age 21-70 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.0-47.0 kg/m 2 ). Body weight, fatness, and fat distribution parameters were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry, blood samples and 24-h urinary samples were collected. Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences between the groups, but there was a significant inverse relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and BMI, and a significant positive association between calorie intake and BMI. Three hundred and thirty four subjects completed the study. During the study, there was no significant change in weight, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or percentage body fat in any of the groups, nor between them. Parathyroid hormone decreased and 25(OH)D increased significantly in both groups receiving cholecalciferol, and serum levels of 25(OH)D stabilized after 3 months. Serum calcium was unchanged in all groups. Urinary calcium excretion increased in all groups, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Weekly dosage of 20 000-40 000 IU cholecalciferol for 12 months was associated with a low risk of adverse effects, at least in overweight and obese adults living at latitude 708 N. Conclusion: Significant weight reduction in overweight and obese subjects is unlikely to occur with cholecalciferol supplementation.
Scientific Reports, 2020
Observational and experimental data reinforce the concept that vitamin D is associated with the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. We investigated the effect of a single dose of 100,000 IU of cholecalciferol, in office blood pressure (BP), and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hypovitaminosis D. Forty-three patients were randomized to a placebo or cholecalciferol group. BP was assessed by office measurements and 24-h ABPM, before and after intervention. At week 8, a greater decrease in median ABPM values was observed in cholecalciferol supplementation than in the placebo group for systolic 24-h (− 7.5 vs. − 1; P = 0.02), systolic daytime (− 7 vs. − 1; P = 0.007), systolic nighttime (− 7.0 vs. 3; P = 0.009), diastolic 24-h (− 3.5 vs. − 1; P = 0.037), and daytime DBP (− 5 vs. 0; P = 0.01). Office DBP was also reduced after vitamin D supplementation. A single dose of vitamin D3 improves BP in patients ...
Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 2017
Background and purpose: To investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients who have vitamin D deficiency. Patients and methods: One hundred twenty-five type 2 diabetic patients taking oral hypoglycemic agents as mono-or combination therapy were recruited from the diabetes and endocrinology clinic. Subject demographics, duration of diabetes, antidiabetic medication, body mass index (BMI), pulse, and blood pressure (BP) were assessed. Laboratory measurements of serum vitamin D3 level, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and lipid profile were measured. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated whenever fasting insulin (FI) was available. Forty-one patients (27 males and 14 females) were started on cholecalciferol replacement-45,000 units once weekly for 8 weeks and then 22,500 units once weekly for 16 weeks. Calcium carbonate tablets 500 mg once daily were also prescribed for the initial 2 months of treatment. Measured variables were reassessed after 6 months of replacement therapy. During the trial, subjects were instructed not to change their diabetes drugs or lifestyle. Results: No significant association was found between vitamin D3 level and any of the measured variables apart from a significant positive correlation with blood urea nitrogen. Vitamin D3 replacement was associated with a significant increase in its level (14.0±4.0 vs 31.0 vs 7.9 ng/mL, P,0.001). This was associated with a significant reduction of HbA1c (7.9±1.7 vs 7.4%±1.2%, P=0.001) and FPG (9.1±4.3 vs 7.9±2.4 mmol/L, P=0.034). Mean reduction of HbA1c was 0.54% and that of FPG was 1.22 mmol/L. FI, c-peptide and insulin resistance (IR) were reduced but this was statistically insignificant (P=0.069, 0.376, 0.058, respectively). FI decreased by 22%, HOMA-IR by 27.6%, and c-peptide by 1.83%. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, and pulse rate significantly decreased (4.3±0.9 vs 4.0±0.
Effect of Cholecalciferol on GLUT4 Expression in Adipocyte of Diabetic Rats
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies, 2015
This research was conducted to examine the effect of cholecalciferol on fasting blood glucose (FBG), adipocyte diameter and glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 expression in adipocytes of diabetic rats. Nineteen male Wistar strain diabetic rats were divided into 4 groups (K, X1, X2 and X3). Cholecalciferol was administered in the amount of 6.25 μg/kg in X1, 12.5 μg/kg in X2 and 25 μg/kg in X3 per orem, once daily for 14 days. Group K received the placebo. There were no significant differences in FBG (p=0.199) and adipocyte diameter (p=0.218) between groups but there were significant differences in the expression of GLUT4 between control and treatment groups. Thus, cholecalciferol can increase GLUT4 expression in adipocyte without altering FBG and adipocyte diameter of diabetic rats.
Clinica Chimica Acta, 2005
Objectives: To compare changes in vitamin D status and cathelicidin (LL-37) levels in septic ICU patients treated with placebo versus cholecalciferol. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, trial. Setting: Medical and surgical ICUs of a single teaching hospital in Boston, MA. Patients: Thirty adult ICU patients. Interventions: Placebo (n = 10) versus 200,000 IU cholecalciferol (n = 10) versus 400,000 IU cholecalciferol (n = 10), within 24 hours of new-onset severe sepsis or septic shock. Measurements and Main Results: Blood samples were obtained at baseline (day 1) and on days 3, 5, and 7, to assess total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, as well as vitamin D-binding protein and albumin to calculate bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Plasma LL-37 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were also measured. At baseline, median (interquartile range) plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 17 ng/mL (13-22 ng/mL) and peaked by day 5 in both intervention groups. Groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Relative to baseline, on day 5, median change in biomarkers for placebo, 200,000 IU cholecalciferol, and 400,000 IU cholecalciferol groups, respectively, were as follows: 1) total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 3% (-3% to 8%), 49% (30-82%), and 69% (55-106%) (p < 0.001); 2) bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 4% (-8% to 7%), 45% (40-70%), and 96% (58-136%) (p < 0.01); and 3) LL-37: -17% (-9% to -23%), 4% (-10% to 14%), and 30% (23-48%) (p = 0.04). Change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels did not differ between groups. A positive correlation was observed between bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D and LL-37 (Spearman ρ = 0.44; p = 0.03) but not for total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and LL-37. Conclusions: High-dose cholecalciferol supplementation rapidly and safely improves 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Changes in bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with concomitant increases in circulating LL-37 levels. Larger trials are needed to verify these findings and to assess whether optimizing vitamin D status improves sepsis-related clinical outcomes. (Crit Care Med 2015; XX:00-00) S epsis is a clinical entity that complicates severe infections (1). It is characterized by the cardinal signs of inflammation (e.g., vasodilation, leukocytosis, and increased microvascular permeability) occurring in tissues that are remote from the site of an infection (2). The spectrum of disease severity can range from sepsis to severe sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (3). Although recent data suggest that survival rates have improved modestly over
The Journal of nutrition, 2015
There is increasing interest in the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D, particularly in the obese state with regard to the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of 2 doses of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) supplementation on insulin action (Si) and pancreatic β-cell function in obese adolescents. We performed a 12-wk double-blind, randomized comparison of the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on Si and β-cell function in obese Caucasian adolescents (body mass index > 95(th) percentile). The subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 400 IU/d (n = 25) or 2000 IU/d (n = 26) of vitamin D3. Each subject underwent a 7-sample 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, with glucose, insulin, and C-peptide measurements, to calculate Si and β-cell function as assessed by the disposition index (DI), with use of the oral minimal model before and after supplementation. A total of 51 subjects aged 15.0 ± 1.9 y were enrolled. Incl...
PLOS ONE, 2016
Background Low levels of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D are associated with increased arterial stiffness and hypertension. Supplementation with vitamin D precursors has been proposed as a treatment option for these conditions. We examined the effect of oral cholecalciferol on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in healthy normotensive adults. Methods 40 healthy adults were randomised in this double-blinded study to either oral cholecalciferol 3000 IU/day or matching placebo and were followed for 16 weeks to examine any effects on pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), peripheral and central blood pressure and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. Results 22 subjects in the cholecalciferol arm and 18 subjects in the placebo arm completed the 16 weeks of follow-up. There was no difference in changes in PWV, AIx corrected for heart rate or central or peripheral blood pressure between the two groups. There was no correlation between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and any of these parameters. Conclusions Oral cholecalciferol 3000 IU/day does not affect arterial stiffness or blood pressure after 16 weeks of treatment in healthy normotensive adults.
American journal of hypertension, 2012
Low 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are inversely related to blood pressure (BP) and have been associated with incident hypertension. In people living at northern latitudes diminished cholecalciferol synthesis in the winter increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency. We wanted to test the hypothesis that daily cholecalciferol supplementation in the winter lowers BP in patients with hypertension. We investigated the effect of 75 µg (3,000 IU) cholecalciferol per day in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in 130 hypertensive patients residing in Denmark (56º N). Ambulatory BP (24-h BP) and arterial stiffness were measured before and after 20 weeks of treatment, that took place between October and March. A total of 112 patients (mean age 61 ± 10) with a baseline p-25(OH)D of 23 ± 10 ng/ml completed the study. Compared with placebo, a nonsignificant 3/1 mm Hg (P = 0.26/0.18) reduction was found in 24-h BP. In patients with vitamin D insufficiency (<32 ng/ml) at...
Scientific Reports
Diabetes mellitus accelerates vascular calcification (VC) and increases the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Nevertheless, the impact of VC in renal disease progression in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is poorly understood. We addressed the effect of VC and mechanisms involved in renal dysfunction in a murine model of insulin resistance and obesity (ob/ob), comparing with their healthy littermates (C57BL/6). We analyzed VC and renal function in both mouse strains after challenging them with Vitamin D3 (VitD3). Although VitD3 similarly increased serum calcium and induced bone disease in both strains, 24-hour urine volume and creatinine pronouncedly decreased only in ob/ob mice. Moreover, ob/ob increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), indicating kidney dysfunction. In parallel, ob/ob developed extensive intrarenal VC after VitD3. Coincidently with increased intrarenal vascular mineralization, our results demonstrated that Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) was high...