Frequency-domain equalization for OFDMA-based multiuser MIMO systems with improper modulation schemes (original) (raw)
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Code division multiple access (CDMA) suffers from intersymbol interference (ISI) and multi-user interference (MUI) in a frequency-selective multipath fading channel, but when properly designed, it enjoys multipath diversity. Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (FDMA) is a promising MUI free but it dose not enable the multi-path induced diversity without employing error control coding. Group Orthogonal Multi-carrier CDMA (GO-MC-CDMA) merges the advantages of OFDMA and CDMA systems.
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This paper focuses on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with channel order larger than the cyclic prefix (CP) length. Writing the demodulating fast Fourier transform (FFT) as a sliding FFT followed by a downsampling operation, we show in this paper that by swapping the filtering operations of the MIMO channel and the sliding FFT, the data model for the temporally smoothened received signal of each individual tone of the MIMO OFDM system is very similar to the data model for the temporally smoothened received signal of a MIMO single-carrier (SC) system. As a result, to recover the data symbol vectors, the conventional equalization approach for MIMO SC systems can be applied to each individual tone of the MIMO OFDM system. This so-called per-tone equalization (PTEQ) approach for MIMO OFDM systems is an attractive alternative to the recently developed time-domain equalization (TEQ) approach for MIMO OFDM systems. In the second part of this paper, we focus on direct per-tone equalizer design and adapt an existing semi-blind equalizer design method for space-time block coding (STBC) SC systems to the corresponding semi-blind per-tone equalizer design method for STBC OFDM systems.
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In MIMO receivers, the channel state needs to be estimated for equalization, detection, and for feedback to the transmitter in case of adaptive modulation and coding. Most current iterative [1, 2, 3] and noniterative schemes in the singleuser MIMO case are training-based and rely on the transmission of pilot symbols. Alternatives to pilot-based algorithms are semiblind schemes which exploit, for example, the known structure of the space-time code to allow reliable channel estimation during ongoing data transmission . Channel estimation and equalization for multiuser MIMO systems involve both information-theoretic [9, 10] and signal processing aspects.
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Regularized MIMO Equalization for SC-FDMA Systems
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, 2012
In this paper, we propose an efficient frequency domain equalization scheme for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Single-Carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems. The proposed scheme avoids the complexity problem associated with the conventional MIMO Zero-Forcing (ZF) equalizer as well as the noise enhancement problem. The matrix inversion process associated with the proposed equalization scheme is performed in two steps to reduce complexity. A regularization term is added in the second step of the matrix inversion to avoid the noise enhancement. Simulation experiments on uplink MIMO SC-FDMA systems show that the proposed equalization scheme provides better performance than that of the ZF equalizer and its complexity is far less than that of the ZF equalizer.
2009
Joint transmitter-receiver optimization in generalized multicarrier code-division multiplexing (GMC-CDM) systems is investigated in this paper. The optimization consists of a one-tap post-frequency-domain equalizer (post-FDE) and a onetap pre-FDE. While the one-tap post-FDE is optimized under the criterion of minimum mean square error (MMSE), the one-tap pre-FDE is achieved through three stages of optimization, which are operated at different levels and motivated to achieve, possibly, different objectives, including maximum throughput and maximum reliability. Specifically, in our three-stage pre-FDE, the first-stage pre-FDE is operated at the symbol level, concerning only the symbols within a group. The second-stage pre-FDE is carried out at the group level for harmonization among the groups. Finally, the third-stage pre-FDE handles group partition. In this paper, the error and throughput performance of the GMC-CDM systems is investigated when assuming communications over frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels. It can be shown that the reliability or throughput of the GMC-CDM systems can be significantly improved by employment of the proposed pre-and post-FDE schemes. Furthermore, the pre-and post-FDE algorithms obtained can be implemented with high flexibility, which facilitates a GMC-CDM system to achieve a good tradeoff between its throughput and reliability.
IET Communications, 2011
Similar to the orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, the single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system also suffers from frequency mismatches between the transmitter and the receiver. As a result, in this system, the carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) disrupt the orthogonality between subcarriers and give rise to inter-carrier interference (ICI) and multiple access interference (MAI) among users. The authors present a new minimum mean square error (MMSE) equaliser, which jointly performs equalisation and carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) compensation. The mathematical expression of this equaliser has been derived taking into account the MAI and the channel noise. A low complexity implementation of the proposed equalisation scheme using a banded matrix approximation is presented here. From the obtained simulation results, the proposed equalisation scheme is able to enhance the performance of the SC-FDMA system, even in the presence of estimation errors.