Study of the Facial Index in Young Bulgarians by 3D laser Scanning (original) (raw)
Related papers
Study of the Facial Morphology of Young Bulgarians with 3D Laser Scan
Trakia Journal of Sciences, 2019
AIM: The aim of study was to make a cephalometric characterization of young Bulgarians using 3D laser scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 46 males and 49 females of Bulgarian origin aged 21-30 years. Three-dimensional images were obtained using a hand-held laser scanner (FastSCAN Cobra, Polhemus Inc., Colchester VT). A set of probing points on the obtained images were used to make certain facial measurements: morphological face height, physiognomical upper facial height, lower face height. The data were statistically analyzed in SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: The facial measurements were significantly greater in males than in females. For morphological facial height most of the individuals were in very high category. For physiognomical upper facial height majority of males were in category high and females in moderate high. Regarding lower facial height most of the individuals were assessed as metriognath. CONCLUSION: The data obtained characterizing facial morphology can be used a...
Anthropometric study of the facial index in the population of central Serbia
Archives of Biological Sciences, 2013
The aim of this study was to determine the craniofacial parameters in the population of the central part of Serbia. The research was conducted on 700 persons (360 males and 340 females), aged 18-65 years, selected randomly. The measured parameters were morphological facial height and breadth. The standard spreading caliper with scale was used for the measurement of facial parameters. There were significant differences in the facial parameters of male compared to female subjects in all observed parameters. The mean value of the morphological facial height in the study population was 116.8 mm ± 7.28, maximum facial breadth 124.12 mm ± 8.44, while the mean value of the total facial index was 93.68 ± 6.86. The total facial index was calculated according to the formula and the obtained results were analyzed statistically using the t-test. The dominant phenotype in the studied population was leptoprosopic. The data obtained in our study may be useful in anthropological research, forensics, genetic research, as well as in medical clinical practice.
Evaluation of Face Shape in Turkish Individuals
International Journal of Morphology, 2016
The aim of this study was to determine the types of face shape in the Turkish population. Knowledge on face shape is important in anthropology and for planning medical procedures such as in aesthetic, maxillofacial and orthodontic surgery. The study group consisted of 1003 healthy subjects (470 male, 533 female) aged 18-68 years. Mean height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were 1.74 m, 78.65 Kg, 25.80±3.50 kg/m 2 and 1.62 m, 60.55 kg, 22.87±3.49 kg/m 2 in males and females, respectively. Face length (FL; the distance from nasion to gnathion) and face width (FW; bizygomatic breadth) were measured, from which a Prosopic Index (PI) was determined using the following formula: (PI= FL/FW x 100). The types of face shape were classified according to Banister's classification Type I (hypereuryprosopic), Type II (euryprosopic), Type III (mesoprosopic), Type IV (leptoprosopic), Type V (hyperleptoprosopic) in both males and females.
Anthropometric study of facial index of medical students
Journal of Kathmandu Medical College
Background: The human facial contour has always been an interesting subject for anatomists, anthropologists, plastic surgeons and artists. The purpose of study was to create and evaluate data on face anthropometry. Objectives: To determine total facial index in medical students and to compare these with the data from other population for use in forensic, archaeological studies, anatomy and plastic surgery. Methods: This is a descriptive study. A total of one hundred and forty medical students, presently studying at Kathmandu Medical College, aged between eighteen and twenty four years were selected as the subjects for the present study. Among the one hundred and forty students, forty four were female and ninety six were male. Two measurements: morphological facial length and bizygomatic breadth were taken by using spreading calibre. Results: The mean morphological facial length was 110.7mm with a standard deviation of 5.98mm in males and 102.1mm in females. Bizygomatic breadth was 130.8 mm in males & 123.5mm in females. The facial index (mean) was 86.09 in males and 84.84 in females. The dominant type of face shape in males was mesoproscopic (48.66%) followed by euriprosopic (23%), leptoprosopic (13.33%), hypereuriprosopic (13%) & hyperleptoprosopic (2%). In females the dominant type of face was also mesoprosopic (37%) followed by hypereuriprosopic (22%), euriprosopic (20.33%), leptoprosopic (19%) and hyperleptoprosopic (1.66%). Conclusion: The dominant phenotype in the studied population was mesoprosopic. The data obtained may be useful in anthropological research, forensic, genetic research, as well as in medical clinical practice.
MORPHOMETRIC FACIAL ANALYSIS OF TURKISH ADULTS
ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalışma, cinsiyete göre, yüzün antropometrik normlarının ortalama değerlerini belirlemek ve yetişkin Türk bireylerin nazal indeksini tanımlamak amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve yöntemler: Bu çalışma, 20-35 yaş aralığında bulunan, toplam 200 sağlıklı (100 kadın, 100 erkek) yetişkin birey üzerinde yapıldı. Antropometrik landmarklar kullanılarak, milimetrik kumpas ile yüz üzerinden horizontal ve vertikal direk ölçümler alındı. Bulgular: Bulgular nazal index ile karşılaştırıldı. Her iki grup değerlendirildiğinde, alt ve üst dudak kalınlığı hariç tüm parametreler erkeklerde daha yüksek bulundu. Cinsiyetler karşılaştırıldığında, üst yüz genişliği, göz genişliği, burun ucu yüksekliği, alın yüksekliği I ve II hariç tüm diğer parametrelerde anlamlı bir fark gözlendi (P<0.05). Nazal indeks kadınlarda 64.17, erkeklerde ise 66.12 olarak tespit edildi. Sonuç: Yüzün vertikal ve horizontal ölçümlerinin kantitatif analizine göre elde edilen bulgular, rekonstrüktif ve estetik operasyonların hazırlığında, yetişkin Türk bireylerin yüzünün değerlendirilmesinde cerrahlara rehber olacaktır. SUMMARY: Objective: This study has aimed to determine the average values of facial anthropometric norms according to sex and to establish nasal index of Turkish adults. Materials and methods: In this research, a total of 200 healthy adults (100 females, 100 males) 20 to 35 years of age were examined. Using anthropometric landmarks, horizontal and vertical direct measurements were made on the faces with a sliding caliper. Results: Results have been compared with nasal index. It has been viewed in the research that, in the total evaluation of both groups, all the parameters were higher in the males except upper and lower lip height. Compared with both sexes, a significant difference has been found in all measurements except the upper face width, eye-fissure width, nasal tip protrusion, forehead height I and II (P<0.05). The nasal index obtained in this study is 64.17 mm in female, 66.12 mm in male. Conclusion: Our results, based on quantitative analysis of the main vertical and horizontal measurements of the face, offers surgeons guidance in judging the faces of Turkish adults in preparation for reconstructive and aesthetic surgery.
Study of Facial Index Among Kurdish Population
2016
Background: Assessment of facial types have always been of great interest because they are used in forensic medicine, plastic surgery, Orofacial surgery, pediatrics, dentistry, and for diagnostic comparisons between patients and normal populations This study was conducted in order to evaluate the facial type of Kurdish population in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan region-Iraq by using facial index. Methodology: The present study was conducted in the school of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani on 200 adults comprising of 105 females and 95 males aged 18-24 years. The measured parameters were morphological facial height and breadth. The standard spreading caliper with scale was used for the measurement of facial parameters. Results: The mean morphological facial height for both genders was 105.255 ± 8.9 and mean morphological facial width was 116.8±8.7. The mean facial index was 90.6 ±9.65 for both genders. The dominant facial phenotype was leptoprosopic (50.5%) followed by mesoprosopic (19%),hypereuryprosopic (15.5%),euryprosopic (13.5%) and hyperleptoprosopic (1.5%) in both genders. Conclusions: The dominant facial type in the Kurdish population of Sulaimani is leptoprosopic in both genders, however in males mesoprosopic and euryprosopic types were more common than in females and in females leptoprosopic and hypereuryprosopic were more common than in males.
GMJ Medicine, 2018
Background: Facial anthropometry is useful in individual identification and reconstructive surgery. In the present study, we aimed to determine the facial characteristic of the Iranian population through anthropometric study. Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional study, 200 (100 male and 100 female) volunteer medical students (aged 20-25 years) of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected. The facial variables including Total Facial Height (TFH), Upper Facial Height (UFH) and Facial Width (FW) were measured and accordingly the Total Facial Index (TFI) and Upper Facial Index (UFI) were calculated. The data were analyzed using Statistical Software (SPSS). Results: The mean age of subjects was 22.97±1.12. the mean TFH, UFH, FW, TFI and UFI was 11.155 cm, 7.05 cm, 11.68 cm, 95.75, and 60.55, respectively. The most common types of face were hyperleptoprosopic (54%) and hyperleptene (54%) based on TFI and UFI, respectively. There were significant differences in the facial characteristic including TFH (P<0.0001), UFH (P<0.0001), FW (P=0.02), TFI (P<0.0001), and UFI (P<0.0001) of males and female subjects. Conclusion: According to the results, the most frequent face type was hyperleptoprosopic based on TFI and hyperleptene based on UFI in Iranian population, which showed the differences in the various populations. Additionally, the values of facial characteristics were higher in males than females. So, sexual dimorphism was recorded according to the facial measurements of Iranian population which can be considered in the reconstructive surgeries.
Folia morphologica, 2017
The aim of the study is to measure the facial soft tissue thicknesses (STTs) in Bulgarians, to evaluate the relation of the STTs to the nutritional status, sex and bilateral asymmetry, and to examine the correlations between the separate STTs as well as between the STTs and body weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). In the present study, the facial STTs were measured on computed tomography scans of the head of Bulgarian adults. The STTs were measured at 7 midline and 9 bilateral landmarks. The measurements were performed in the free software InVesalius in the axial and sagittal planes. The mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, median and coefficient of variation were reported for the STT at each landmark according to the sex and BMI category. The BMI, sex and bilateral differences were assessed for statistical significance. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess the strength and direction of the relationships between the STTs and body height, weight ...