Leukemia in India: Insights Into Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (original) (raw)
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The Lancet Oncology, 2018
Background Previous efforts to report estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in India and its different parts include the National Cancer Registry Programme Reports, Sample Registration System cause of death findings, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Series, and GLOBOCAN. We present a comprehensive picture of the patterns and time trends of the burden of total cancer and specific cancer types in each state of India estimated as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 because such a systematic compilation is not readily available. Methods We used all accessible data from multiple sources, including 42 population-based cancer registries and the nationwide Sample Registration System of India, to estimate the incidence of 28 types of cancer in every state of India from 1990 to 2016 and the deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by them, as part of GBD 2016. We present incidence, DALYs, and death rates for all cancers together, and the trends of all types of cancers, highlighting the heterogeneity in the burden of specific types of cancers across the states of India. We also present the contribution of major risk factors to cancer DALYs in India. Findings 8•3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 7•9-8•6) of the total deaths and 5•0% (4•6-5•5) of the total DALYs in India in 2016 were due to cancer, which was double the contribution of cancer in 1990. However, the age-standardised incidence rate of cancer did not change substantially during this period. The age-standardised cancer DALY rate had a 2•6 times variation across the states of India in 2016. The ten cancers responsible for the highest proportion of cancer DALYs in India in 2016 were stomach (9•0% of the total cancer DALYs), breast (8•2%), lung (7•5%), lip and oral cavity (7•2%), pharynx other than nasopharynx (6•8%), colon and rectum (5•8%), leukaemia (5•2%), cervical (5•2%), oesophageal (4•3%), and brain and nervous system (3•5%) cancer. Among these cancers, the age-standardised incidence rate of breast cancer increased significantly by 40•7% (95% UI 7•0-85•6) from 1990 to 2016, whereas it decreased for stomach (39•7%; 34•3-44•0), lip and oral cavity (6•4%; 0•4-18•6), cervical (39•7%; 26•5-57•3), and oesophageal cancer (31•2%; 27•9-34•9), and leukaemia (16•1%; 4•3-24•2). We found substantial interstate heterogeneity in the age-standardised incidence rate of the different types of cancers in 2016, with a 3•3 times to 11•6 times variation for the four most frequent cancers (lip and oral, breast, lung, and stomach). Tobacco use was the leading risk factor for cancers in India to which the highest proportion (10•9%) of cancer DALYs could be attributed in 2016. Interpretation The substantial heterogeneity in the state-level incidence rate and health loss trends of the different types of cancer in India over this 26-year period should be taken into account to strengthen infrastructure and human resources for cancer prevention and control at both the national and state levels. These efforts should focus on the ten cancers contributing the highest DALYs in India, including cancers of the stomach, lung, pharynx other than nasopharynx, colon and rectum, leukaemia, oesophageal, and brain and nervous system, in addition to breast, lip and oral cavity, and cervical cancer, which are currently the focus of screening and early detection programmes.
Incidence, Mortality, and Epidemiology of Leukemia in South Asia: An Ecological Study
Nowadays cancer is a buzzword in every corner of the world. Among all other Cancer, leukemia is not as familiar as breast cancer or lung cancer. Treat or curing Cancer is challenging, there is still no worthy hope to fight against it. Back a few decades, Cancer was not that much known to the people of South Asia let alone known of Leukemia. Information on the incidence and mortality of Leukemia is paramount to planning health measures and improving the treatment and management of leukemia for general people. Many countries in the South Asian region are designated as developing countries. Hence, the deficiency of diagnosis system, treatment, management, and lack of knowledge about leukemia in this region are major problems. Therefore, the incidence rate, mortality rate, and several deaths are increasing day by day. This study is aimed to investigate the incidence and mortality of leukemia in South Asian Countries for the year 2020 by acquiring data from the global cancer project (GLO...
BMC Cancer
Background Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The cancer burden varies within the regions of India posing great challenges in its prevention and control. The national burden assessment remains as a task which relies on statistical models in many developing countries, including India, due to cancer not being a notifiable disease. This study quantifies the cancer burden in India for 2016, adjusted mortality to incidence (AMI) ratio and projections for 2021 and 2025 from the National Cancer Registry Program (NCRP) and other publicly available data sources. Methods Primary data on cancer incidence and mortality between 2012 and 2016 from 28 Population Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs), all-cause mortality from Sample Registration Systems (SRS) 2012–16, lifetables and disability weight from World Health Organization (WHO), the population from Census of India and cancer prevalence using the WHO-DisMod-II tool were used for this study. The AMI ratio was estimated...
Cancer Systems and Health Burden in India: a Lancet Oncology Series
Cancer can have profound social and economic consequences for people in India, often leading to family impoverishment and societal inequity. Reported age-adjusted incidence rates for cancer are still quite low in the demographically young country. Slightly more than 1 million new cases of cancer are diagnosed every year in a population of 1·2 billion. In age-adjusted terms this represents a combined male and female incidence of about a quarter of that recorded in western Europe. However, an estimated 600 000-700 000 deaths in India were caused by cancer in 2012. In age-standardised terms this fi gure is close to the mortality burden seen in high-income countries. Such fi gures are partly indicative of low rates of early-stage detection and poor treatment outcomes. Many cancer cases in India are associated with tobacco use, infections, and other avoidable causes. Social factors, especially inequalities, are major determinants of India's cancer burden, with poorer people more likely to die from cancer before the age of 70 years than those who are more a uent. In this fi rst of three papers, we examine the complex epidemiology of cancer, the future burden, and the dominant sociopolitical themes relating to cancer in India.
Cancer mortality in India: a nationally representative survey
Lancet, 2012
Background The age-specific mortality rates and total deaths from specific cancers have not been documented for the various regions and subpopulations of India. We therefore assessed the cause of death in 2001-03 in homes in small areas that were chosen to be representative of all the parts of India.
Changing trends of chronic myeloid leukemia in greater Mumbai, India over a period of 30 years
Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, 2011
Background: Little is known about burden of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in India. There is a recent interest to observe incidence and mortality because of advent of new diagnostic and treatment policies for CML. Materials and Methods: We extracted data from the oldest population-based cancer registry of Mumbai for 30 years period from 1976−2005 to observe incidence and mortality rates of CML. We classified the data into four age groups 0−14, 15−29, 30−54 and 55−74 to observe incidence rates in the respective age groups. Results: The age specific rates were highest for the age group of 55−74 years. No significant change in trends of CML was observed for 30 years period. However, there was a significant reduction in incidence rate for recent 15-years period (Estimated average annual percentage change=-3.9). No significant reduction in mortality rate was observed till 2005. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that age-specific rates for CML are highest in age group of 55-74 years, al...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2021
The deliberate assortment of information on cancer growth was performed by different populace-based disease vaults (population-based cancer registries [PBCRs]) and clinic-based cancer growth libraries (hospital-based cancer registries [HBCRs]) across India under the National Cancer Registry Program-National Center for Disease Informatics and Research of Indian Council of Medical Research since 1982. This survey analyzed the malignant growth occurrence, designs, patterns, projections, and mortality from 28 PBCRs and furthermore the stage at introduction and kind of therapy of patients with disease from 58 HBCRs (n=667,666) from the pooled investigation for the composite time frame 2012-2016. Time patterns in cancer growth rate were created as yearly percent change from 16 PBCRs (those with at least 10 years of consistent great information accessible) utilizing Joinpoint relapse. Aizawl locale (269.4) and Papumpare region (219.8) had the most elevated age changed occurrence rates among guys and females, separately. The extended number of patients with disease in India is 1,392,179 for the year 2020, and the basic five driving destinations are cancer, lung, mouth, cervix uteri, and tongue. Patterns in disease frequency rate showed an expansion on the whole locales of cancer in both genders and were high in Kamrup Metropolitan (yearly percent change, 3.8%; p<0.05). Most of the patients with cancer were analyzed at the privately progressed stage for cancer (57.0%), cervix uteri (60.0%), head and neck (66.6%), and stomach (50.8%) disease, while in cellular breakdown in the lungs, far off metastasis was dominating among guys (44.0%) and females (47.6%). This audit gives a system to surveying the status and patterns of cancer growth in India. It will manage proper help for activity to fortify endeavors to improve cancer growth avoidance and control to accomplish the public non-communicable illness targets and the reasonable advancement objectives.
Cancer Statistics, 2020: Report From National Cancer Registry Programme, India
JCO Global Oncology, 2020
PURPOSE The systematic collection of data on cancer is being performed by various population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) and hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs) across India under the National Cancer Registry Programme–National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research of Indian Council of Medical Research since 1982. METHODS This study examined the cancer incidence, patterns, trends, projections, and mortality from 28 PBCRs and also the stage at presentation and type of treatment of patients with cancer from 58 HBCRs (N = 667,666) from the pooled analysis for the composite period 2012-2016. Time trends in cancer incidence rate were generated as annual percent change from 16 PBCRs (those with a minimum of 10 years of continuous good data available) using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS Aizawl district (269.4) and Papumpare district (219.8) had the highest age-adjusted incidence rates among males and females, respectively. The projected number of patients with cancer in Indi...
The Oncology Scenario in India: Lots of Gaps Need to be Bridged
The Journal of medical research, 2015
As the second most populous nation and one of the fastest-growing major economies, India faces many challenges, one such burning issue is the provision of cancer care. There is a huge gap in the demand and supply of health care resources in Indian oncology scenario, mainly due to steadily aging populations and also to current trends in smoking prevalence and the growing adoption of unhealthy lifestyles. Slightly more than 1 million new cases of cancer are diagnosed every year in a population of 1.2 billion. Although incidence of cancer is low in India compared with high-income countries, mortality is high; with approximately 600,000- 700,000 deaths in 2012. Many cancer cases in India are associated with tobacco use, infections, and other avoidable causes. Cancer can have profound psychological, social and economic consequences for people in India, often leading to family impoverishment and societal inequity. Currently, overall public expenditure on health care is only 1.5% of GDP. T...
Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, 2021
Introduction Cancer continues to grow in number. Knowing the epidemiology helps in prevention and treatment. Existing hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs) provide little data of private sector including patients for medical tourism. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of cancer at a tertiary center in the private sector in North India for all cancer patients. Materials and Methods Cases were ascertained from the Oncology Outpatient Department of Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017, and from pathology database since July 2015. They were abstracted into National Cancer Registry Program (NCRP) core pro forma. We conducted a descriptive analysis of distribution by age, gender, nationality, site, stage, and treatment. Results Among the 15,850 confirmed cases, 8,034 (51%) were males. Nearly 1.8% of patients were pediatric (<15 years) and 30.1% geriatric (>65 years). A high proportion of patients (13%) ...