Multifocal Tuberculosis Among Children About 35 Cases (original) (raw)
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Childhood tuberculosis: Characteristics and peculiarities
Nigerian journal of paediatrics, 2020
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important infectious disease of public health concern. The effects of TB on children in terms of morbidity and mortality is more than that of adults. These may not be unconnected with the differences in characteristics and peculiarities of the disease in children. Tuberculosis in children is usually primary, paucibacillary, characterized by difficulties in diagnosis of both drug susceptible and resistant TB associated with poor uptake of preventive therapy for those with latent infection, contacts and people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in most developing countries.While significant similarities exist between spectrum of TB occurring in adults and children, the characteristics and peculiarities of childhood TB may be unknown to policy makers and some clinicians, hence giving it less focus in control measures. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the characteristics and peculiarities of TB in children using PubMed/PubMed Central (PMC) and MEDLI...
Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health
Introduction: As children are usually infected by an adult with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), childhood TB reflects transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within a community Objective: To study clinical profile and outcome of children with TB from 0 to 12 years of age in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. Method: A prospective observational descriptive study of 30 children with TB was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary general hospital in Mumbai and followed up till recovery. Results: Out of the 30 children with TB, 3 (10%) were below the age of 1 year, 8 (26.6%) were aged 1-5 years and 19 (63.3%) were above 5 years of age. Male to female ratio was 1:1.3. Extrapulmonary TB was more common (63.3%) than pulmonary TB (36.6%). Twenty (66.6%) children had a history of previous adult contact with TB, 29 (96.6%) were vaccinated with BCG and 10 (33.3%) were malnourished. Common clinical features were cough (53.3%), fever (46.6%), weight loss (46.6%) and lymphadenopathy (33.3%). Anaemia and raised ESR were seen in 46.6% and 73.3% respectively. All 30 children were non-reactive for the HIV antibody test. Tuberculin sensitivity test was positive in 16 out of 30 children (53.3%). Drug-resistant TB was seen in 2 (6.6%) children. All 30 cases (100%) recovered completely with their primary regimen. Conclusions: In this study, extra-pulmonary TB was found in 63.3% of children. TST positivity (>10mm) was found in only 53.3% of children with TB. Complete resolution of symptoms was seen in _________________________________________ 1
Case management of childhood tuberculosis in children’s hospitals in Khartoum
Article, 2014
ABSTRACT No published information is available on the case management of childhood tuberculosis (TB) in Sudan. The aim of this study was to describe the case management of childhood TB in 4 children’s hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan. Data on 467 children aged 0–14 years registered in 2009 were collected from patient records; 52.9% males and 53.0% aged 5–14 years. Most cases were registered as new cases (89.5%) and most had pulmonary TB (72.4%). Of all cases, 31.0% had sputum smear microscopy done, 35.8% had X-ray and none had a record of being culture confirmed. Category III regimen was given to 58.5%. Reported outcomes were: cured (1.5%), completed treatment (14.6%), transferred out (13.1%), default (17.3%), death (4.3%) and treatment failure (0.6%). Age was significantly associated with treatment outcome, while sex, type of patient, site of TB and treatment category were not significant. Case management of childhood TB is suboptimal in this region.
IAR-Medical Series, 2023
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a problem because children are most likely to get severe forms and it is hard to tell who has it. The goal of this paper was to describe how TB showed up in children at a tertiary level hospital, how often it happened, how it was diagnosed, and how they responded to treatment. Methods: The study looked at cases of TB in children that showed up in different ways, both inside and outside of the lungs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for M. tuberculosis nucleic acids, chest X-rays, and clinical assessment were all used to diagnose the disease. All people who might have TB were given antituberculosis treatment while they waited to find out for sure. In the intensive phase of treatment, people took four drugs, and in the support phase, they took two drugs (HR). In cases where the meninges were affected, steroids were given. There were follow-up assessments. Results: In this group of cases, the symptoms of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) were different and not typical. In Case 1, a 14-year-old boy was first wrongly diagnosed with celiac disease. Later, he was found to have constrictive pericarditis and TB, which shows how important it is to think about TB when someone has a fever for a long time and other strange symptoms. In Case 2, a 2-year-old girl with TB showed up with discolored skin and at first negative PCR results. This shows how hard it is to diagnose pediatric TB. Case 3 was about a 5-year-old boy who was having neurological problems and whose brain MRI showed multiple tuberculomas. This showed how serious neurological problems can be caused by pediatric TB. In Case 4, a 2-year-old boy with stroke-like symptoms and a fever responded well to anti-TB treatment, even though the initial PCR results were negative. This shows how important it is to treat pediatric TB as soon as possible, even when diagnostic tests aren't clear. Conclusions: Pediatric TB can show up in many different and unusual ways, which makes it hard to diagnose. PCR testing was a key part of making a diagnosis. Even though the diagnosis wasn't confirmed, these cases turned out well because antitubercular treatment was started quickly. This study shows how important it is to think about TB in children who have symptoms and a history that suggest it.
Clinical presentation of tuberculosis in adolescents as seen at National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria
Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, 2014
Background: Adolescents with tuberculosis (TB) form a significant proportion of childhood TB cases presenting with specifics clinical patterns. Objective: To describe the clinical presentation of tuberculosis in adolescent at National Hospital Abuja (NHA), Nigeria. Subjects and method: This is a descriptive and retrospective study of adolescents aged 10-15 years seen at the department of Paediatrics NHA Nigeria from August 2009 to July 2013. Result: Thirty-six adolescents diagnosed with tuberculosis were reviewed. Adolescent TB accounted for 18.8%(36/192) of total cases of children aged 0-15years seen at the Department of Paediatrics Respiratory Clinic during the study period. The mean (SD) age was 12.3(1.76) years. Twenty seven patients (75.0%) were females and 9(25.0%) were males. Thirty (83.3%) were of lower socioeconomic class. History of contact with a case of TB was obtained in 17(47.2%). The commonest symptoms identified in these adolescents were; cough 27(75.0%), weight loss 22 (61.1%), fever18(50.0%), sputum 14(38.9%), body swelling 7(19.4%), hemoptysis 2(5.6%); while signs were underweight, pyrexia and chest findings. Nine (25.0%) had associated retroviral disease. Thirty four (94.4%) presented at time of diagnosis with clinical symptoms while 2(5.6%) were asymptomatic; identified during contact tracing as latent TB infection (LTBI). Abnormal chest radiograph findings were; widespread lung infiltrate in 10(27.8%), hilar opacities 7(19.4%), cavitatory lesions 4(11.1%), pleural Effusion 3(8.3%) and military opacities 1(2.7%). AFB was isolated in 5(13.9%), while 23(63.9%) had a raised ESR above 30mm/hr. Twenty seven (75.0%) of the adolescents completed treatment for tuberculosis, 7(19.4%) were lost to follow up and 2(5.6%) died while 4(11.1%) had re-treatment for TB from relapse. Clinical presentations were pulmonary TB (PTB) 22(61.1%), and extrapulmonary TB 12(33.3%); distributed as TB adenitis 4(11.1%), TBM 3(8.3%), Pericardial TB 3(8.3%), Miliary TB 1(2.8%) and Spinal TB 1(2.8). Of the nine with HIV-TB coinfection, the clinical presentation were; PTB 5(55.6%), and extrapulmonary 4(44.4%). Conclusion: The patterns of TB in adolescents are admixture as seen in younger children and adult from clinical and radiological characteristic findings. TB remains a preventable disease condition and is curable with early appropriate treatment
Characteristics of Pediatric Tuberculosis in a High Endemic Area
2016
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children, especially in high endemic regions as Romania. Pediatric TB reflects both the epidemic level of the region and the control measures efficiency of national programs in the territory. Supporting the diagnosis of TB in children is more difficult than in adults, because the bacteriological test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis is usually negative. Objective: observe the clinical, bacteriological and radiological profile of tuberculosis in children and adolescents, including difficulties in diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Methods: the data were collected from patients' files from 1 January 2014 until 1November 2015, for all the children and adolescents under the age of 18, diagnosed with pulmonary TB in the Pediatric Department of Clinic Pneumophysiology Hospital Constanta, Romania. We reviewed the patient files and noted a number of variables which included: age, sex, family history, pat...
Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, 2021
The World Health Organization report in 2018 estimated 234,000 deaths due to tuberculosis (TB) in children less than 15 years; 40,000 of them occurring in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children. These deaths represent 15% of all TB deaths. This study aimed to determine the clinical spectrum and outcome of childhood TB at Mohamed Alamin Hamid Pediatric Hospital TB management unit. Retrospective observational hospitalbased study was conducted during January 2017-December 2018, in children aged 0-18 years who were diagnosed with TB. A total of 174 patients were enrolled in this study. The majority of patients' ages ranged from 5 to 17 years (111, 63.8%). Most of the patients were males (92, 52.9%) and (142, 81.6%) resided in Khartoum State. Lung opacity and hailer parenchymal shadows were the common presenting features (83, 47.7%) in chest X-ray. Sputum for acid fast bacilli was positive in only 20 (11.5%) patients. Testing for HIV was negative in 41 (23.6%) patients and was not done in 133 (76.4%). A total of 107 (61.5%) children were diagnosed as having pulmonary TB; extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) was 67 (38.5%). Tuberculous lymphadenitis was the commonest type of EPTB and was diagnosed in 38 (56.7%) patients. The majority 94 (87.9%) completed their treatment and 13 (12.1%) with smear positive results were cured. Defaulters were 20 (11.5%), and 6 patients (3.4%) were retreated after default, 11 (6.3%) were transferred out, and 14 (8%) are still on treatment. Thirteen patients (7.5%) died, and the outcome of three patients was not documented.
PloS one, 2016
Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is a diagnostic challenge in developing countries, and patient outcome can be influenced by certain factors. We report the disease course, clinical profile and factors associated with treatment outcome in a tertiary facility of Kinshasa. Documentary and analytical studies were conducted using clinical and exploratory data for children aged up to 15 years who were admitted to the University Clinics of Kinshasa for TB. Data are presented as frequencies and averages, and binary and logistic regression analyses were performed. Of 283 children with TB, 82 (29.0%) had smear-negative TB, 40 (14.1%) had smear-positive TB, 159 (56.1%) had extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB), 2 (0.7%) had multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), 167 (59.0%) completed treatment, 30 (10.6%) were cured, 7 (2.5%) failed treatment, 4 (1.4%) died, 55 (19.4%) were transferred to health centers nearest their home, and 20 (7.0%) were defaulters. In the binary analysis, reported TB contacts (p = 0.048), type ...