Bio-Inspired Green Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Mechanism, and Antibacterial Application (original) (raw)
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Pure and Applied Biology, 2022
Nanotechnology is gaining popularity, because of its wide use in every field. Nanotechnology is continuously improving medical advancements. Nanoparticles can be engineered for their biocompatibility, size, shape and selectivity. Silver Nanoparticles have been extensively used by researchers because of their unique and wide properties such as size, shape, electrical properties and antimicrobial. Due to these properties silver nanoparticles have been used almost in every field from engineering to chemical and biological. Just like their properties, silver nanoparticles can be synthesize by various method including physical (Gamma Irradiation, Laser ablation and electron irradiation, microwave processing), chemical (chemical reduction and photochemical method) and biological. Due to the less toxicity, the use of silver Nanoparticles in life sciences has been increasing. The aim of the following review is to discuss the various methods of silver nanoparticle synthesis and their non-toxic application in the field of life sciences for the treatment of various diseases including Antibiotic resistance challenge and a tool for cancer therapy. The life sciences field will benefit from a mechanistic understanding of SNP therapeutic activities, which will aid in the development of individualized treatment and healthcare techniques for the benefit of the human population.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, characterization and their biological efficacy
Elsevier eBooks, 2024
Silver ions (Ag ?) and its compounds are highly toxic to microorganisms, exhibiting strong biocidal effects on many species of bacteria but have a low toxicity toward animal cells. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were biosynthesized using aqueous extract of Chlorella vulgaris as reducing agent and size of SNPs synthesized ranged between 15 and 47 nm. SNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and analyzed for its antibacterial property against human pathogens. This approach of SNPs synthesis involving green chemistry process can be considered for the large-scale production of SNPs and in the development of biomedicines.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health , 2013
Our research focused on the production, characterization and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which can be utilized in biomedical research and environmental cleaning applications. We used an environmentally friendly extracellular biosynthetic technique for the production of the AgNPs. The reducing agents used to produce the nanoparticles were from aqueous extracts made from the leaves of various plants. Synthesis of colloidal AgNPs was monitored by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The UV-Visible spectrum showed a peak between 417 and 425 nm corresponding to the Plasmon absorbance of the AgNPs. The characterization of the AgNPs such as their size and shape was performed by Atom Force Microscopy (AFM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques which indicated a size range of 3 to 15 nm. The anti-bacterial activity of AgNPs was investigated at concentrations between 2 and 15 ppm for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Kocuria rhizophila, Bacillus thuringiensis (Gram-positive organisms); Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium (Gram-negative organisms) were exposed to AgNPs using Bioscreen C. The results indicated that AgNPs at a concentration of 2 and 4 ppm, inhibited OPEN ACCESS Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10 5222 bacterial growth. Preliminary evaluation of cytotoxicity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was accomplished using the InQ™ Cell Research System instrument with HEK 293 cells. This investigation demonstrated that silver nanoparticles with a concentration of 2 ppm and 4 ppm were not toxic for human healthy cells, but inhibit bacterial growth.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, characterization techniques and biological activities
Elsevier eBooks, 2024
Silver ions (Ag ?) and its compounds are highly toxic to microorganisms, exhibiting strong biocidal effects on many species of bacteria but have a low toxicity toward animal cells. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were biosynthesized using aqueous extract of Chlorella vulgaris as reducing agent and size of SNPs synthesized ranged between 15 and 47 nm. SNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and analyzed for its antibacterial property against human pathogens. This approach of SNPs synthesis involving green chemistry process can be considered for the large-scale production of SNPs and in the development of biomedicines.
Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Properties
Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology Open Access, 2020
The transmission of a wide range of diseases, related to the infection by pathogenic microorganisms is a major public health problem that daily endangers the safety of human population. Silver has been thoroughly studied and used against bacteria due to its antimicrobial properties. Nanostructured silver gathers all the advantages of the silver itself, as well as the advanced performance of the nanomaterials. Thus, currently, silver nanoparticles constitute the most widely used kind of nanoparticles in biomedicine, due to their attractive antimicrobial properties. A variety of physical and chemical methods are employed for the AgNPs synthesis. However, many of them include the use of toxic reagents or require large amounts of energy, during the synthesis process. For this reason, many eco-friendly methods are proposed in order to synthesize AgNPs. Hence, biogenic synthesis of AgNPs, utilizing biological resources opens a novel route for the development of alternative production proc...
Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
The importance of biological agents has been recognized as a promising tool for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles over conventional physiochemical methods that are laden with various type of drawbacks. The biomediated nanoparticles synthesis chiefly employing microorganisms and plants as nanofactories is gaining worldwide popularity over past few decades. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have demonstrated desirable physical and chemical and antimicrobial properties among other metallic nanoparticles. This article represents a comprehensive review of biosynthesis route for silver nanoparticles formation including the mechanism, extra-and intra-cellular types and remarkable outcomes of previously conducted research works on biosynthesis. Broad antimicrobial spectra including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, sporicidal of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles with major emphasis on their potential applications in biocatalysis, biosensing, food packaging and preservation, pest killing and plant growth promotion, biomedicine and diagnostics etc. have been discussed. Moreover, this article also encompasses meticulous description on challenges and future prospects of biosynthesis of nanoparticles.
Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their medical applications (Review)
World Academy of Sciences journal, 2024
The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represents a paradigm shift in the field of nanotechnology by offering a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods of synthesis. By harnessing the reducing and stabilizing properties of natural sources, such as plants, fungi and microorganisms, researchers have been able to synthesize AgNPs with reduced toxicity and heightened biocompatibility. These unique nanoparticles have ushered in a new era of possibilities in the medical field. The notable antimicrobial properties of silver render it indispensable for wound healing, infection control, cancer therapy and tissue regeneration applications. Additionally, AgNPs hold great promise as versatile drug carriers for targeted therapies and as contrast agents for advanced medical imaging techniques. In an era characterized by increasing environmental concerns and the need for innovative healthcare solutions, the green synthesis of AgNPs revolutionizes medical practices and aligns with the imperative of sustainability, underscoring its pivotal role at the nexus of nanotechnology and medicine. Contents
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles toward bio and medical applications: review study
Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Development of biologically inspired green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has attracted considerable worldwide attention in matter of medical science and disease treatment. Herein, the green synthesis of silver nanomaterials using organic green sources has been evaluated and discussed. These kinds of materials are widely used for treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, cancer and etc due to their elegant properties compared with other chemical ways and drugs. Moreover, the outcome of green-based approaches were compared with chemical procedures and obtained data were examined via various analyses including UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive Xray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In this study, variety of green methods were investigated to present a summary of recent achievements toward highlighting biocompatible nanoparticles, all of which can reduce the toxicity of nanoparticles, make them eco-friendly, reduce their side effects and decrease the production cost. The nature of these biological organisms also affect the structure, shape, size and morphology of synthesized nanoparticles.
Silver nanoparticles: green route of synthesis and antimicrobial profile
International Journal of Nanoparticles, 2015
The antimicrobial effects of silver salts have been noticed and applied since antiquity. The effectiveness of silver particles gets enhanced when used in nanosize dimensions. Silver nanoparticles are synthesised by physical, chemical and biological methods. Biological sources, such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and plants are usually favoured due to cost effectiveness, easy to scale up, easy availability of raw materials and environmental friendly nature. Moreover, plants contain various phytochemicals and compounds which may act both as reducing and stabilising agents in the synthesis of nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles thus produced are more stable. Various plant extract derived silver nanoparticles have been scrutinised for their potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties which help them find applications in the medical domain. Moreover, they are being extensively used in agriculture, biotechnology, bio imaging, nano fabrics, electronics, bio-engineering, drug delivery, etc.
Biotemplates in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles
Biotechnology Journal, 2010
This article recapitulates the scientific advancement towards the greener synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Applications of noble metals have increased throughout human civilization, and the uses for nano-sized particles are even more remarkable. "Green" nanoparticle synthesis has been achieved using environmentally acceptable solvent systems and eco-friendly reducing and capping agents. Numerous microorganisms and plant extracts have been applied to synthesize inorganic nanostructures either intracellularly or extracellularly. The use of nanoparticles derived from noble metals has spread to many areas including jewelery, medical fields, electronics, water treatment and sport utilities, thus improving the longevity and comfort in human life. The application of nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for bactericidal agents represents a new paradigm in the design of antibacterial therapeutics. Orientation, size and physical properties of nanoparticles influences the performance and reproducibility of a potential device, thus making the synthesis and assembly of shape-and size-controlled nanocrystals an essential component for any practical application. This need has motivated researchers to explore different synthesis protocols.