Effects of school-based strengths intervention on mental health among adolescents (original) (raw)
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2001
本稿の目的は, カッセル・エグゼタープロジェクトによって開発された「図形・関数」調査問題を用いて, 日本の中学生の達成度を調査し, 今後の数学教育への示唆を得ることにある. 471名の公立中学校3年生を対象に調査を実施した結果, 日本の中学校3年生の「図形・関数」得点の平均は, 「数」領域調査の場合と同様に, イギリス・ドイツなどに比べて高いことがわかった. また, 問題ごとの正答率順位の比較によって, イギリス・ドイツなどに比べて相対的に達成度の高かった問題と低かった問題も同定された. さらに, 「潜在力」得点によって被験者を層化して比較した結果, 数学学習に対する潜在力上位群および下位群の特徴がそれぞれ明らかになった. 具体的には, 潜在上位群と下位群の双方において, 達成度の高かった問題と低かった問題が明らかになると同時に, 両群の達成度に顕著な差がみられた問題群も同定され, 個に応じた数学学習への示唆が得られた
2011
The purpose of this study is to discuss professionalism in early childhood education and care, as seen in classroom practice related to three-year-old students, with the examination focusing on the following points : (1) we clarify emotional labor as the early childhood teaching strategy ; and (2) we compare the elementary school teacher and the early childhood teacher in terms of the emotional labor strategy. For the methodology, we used a video camera to collect episodes of the emotional labor strategy being used in early childhood teaching, and then examined each one. The results of the study are as follows : (1) the main classroom teacher smiled and intentionally expressed emotions during "circle time," controlling the young children through proper emotional expression ; (2) the sub-classroom teacher developed a relationship with each child by not expressing her intentions directly ; and (3) while each other's opinions made a difference, the school nurse and the su...
2019
The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of SCAT (Steps for Coding and Theorization) and Ueno’s qualitative analysis as a form of qualitative data analysis applied to interview data from a kindergarten director. The subject and methods of the study are as follows. (1) We interviewed the director of Kindergarten A. (2) The research question asked why he started to run the child-based kindergarten. (3) We analyzed the interview data using SCAT. (4) We also analyzed the interview data using Ueno’s qualitative analysis. (5) We compared their characteristics. The analyses made the following points clear. First, the SCAT is characterized by the decontextualisation of the segmented text, step by step. By contrast, Ueno’s qualitative analysis is marked by its recontextualization through the mapping and charting of metadata. Second, when we use SCAT, we need to understand the theory of qualitative inquiry and must read the text over and over, analyzing it over time. Howeve...
How Do the Kindergarten Teachers Behave for In-School Staff Development Utilizing the KJ Method?
2016
The purpose of this study was to examine the behavior of kindergarten teachers during an in-school staff development training program utilizing KJ method. The study focused on the nature of the verbal interaction between individual teachers. The study also examined how kindergarten teachers respond to criticism and comments from their colleague. We elicited feedback from the kindergarten teachers via an interview designed to examine their behavior. The SCAT method of qualitative analysis was used to decode the implicit meanings in the feedback data on a step-by-step basis. The study found that, firstly, kindergarten teachers were not retentive when presenting, asking questions, and giving opinions. This behavior pattern contradicted the social stigma against the offering of one’s opinion and contributed to a sense of security that was conducive to the eliciting of further opinions. Secondly, the kindergarten teachers exhibited behavior that was very accepting of the opinions of othe...
Why is it effectiveness as a treatment of anxiety disorder in behavior therapy with onomatopoeias?
Transactions of The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, 2015
We suggest as an important tool in psychotherapy the use of onomatopoeia. Mood disorder and Anxiety disorder are among the most prevalent mental disorders, and Behavior therapy (BT) is an evidence-based psychological treatment suitable for these cases. Interoceptive sensation is important in BT, because it serves as a barometer for responses. On the other hand, standard assessment methods such as subjects unit of disturbance scale (SUDs) is not optimal. In a different approach, we feel a certain form of it, e.g. Doki-Doki, at the same time when feeling emotion. However, the SUDs is assessed without taking somesthesis into consideration. In addition, BT requires information on somesthesis in order to optimally perform the therapy. Here we propose a solution to this problem, based on using onomatopoeia for SUDs. It can assess appropriately the interoceptive sensations by which a patient is accompanied in anxiety. We report two clinical cases using onomatopoeia for SUDs. This makes for an improved therapy. The internal sense appears during the course of the disease. A treatment is thus provided which is not tied to a diagnosis name, but rather by emphasizing the "internal sense," which is more effective in producing an improvement towards curing.