Phosphorus deficiency changes carbon isotope fractionation and triggers exudate reacquisition in tomato plants (original) (raw)
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Variation in the dynamic of absorption and efficiency of phosphorus use in tomato
Scientific Reports, 2022
Changes in root growth and metabolism of P in tomato cultivars are necessary in acidic soils in tropical and subtropical regions in response to P deficiency. This increase in the efficiency of phosphorus absorption by tomatoes can significantly reduce the doses of phosphate fertilizers used, as well as, possibly, the more immediate use of P fixed in the soil matrix, with favorable effects on agricultural sustainability, promoting the use of marginal areas in terms of soil fertility, and the national fertilizer economy. The tested hypothesis was that there would be no difference in the uptake and utilization of P by tomato cultivars; therefore, this study investigated the variation in the dynamics of absorption and efficiency of P-use through changes in the root, stem, leaf, gas exchange, and P-use efficiency in tomato cultivars contrasting P-absorption. The experimental design comprised a factorial scheme consisting of two cultivars that were tolerant and sensitive to P deficiency a...
Journal of plant nutrition, 2003
Availability of phosphorus (P) in soil and its acquisition by plants is affected by the release of high and low molecular weight root exudates. A study was carried out to ascertain the qualitative and quantitative differences in root exudation among the genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) and green gram (Vigna radiata L.) under P-stress. Results showed that both inter-and intra-species differences do exist among maize and green gram in terms of root exudation, P uptake, and shoot and root P content. In general, green gram, a legume crop, had greater root exudation compared to maize. However, the amino acid content of the total root exudates in maize was two-fold as compared to green gram. The maize and green gram genotypes possessed genetic variability in root exudation.
Effects of Water Deficit on Phosphorus Nutrition of Tomato Plants
Physiologia Plantarum, 1969
Measurements were made of phosphorus uptake by intact tomato plants from solutions labelled with '-P. Tho plants were exposed to low water potentials hy the addition of mannitol to culture solutions. The amounts of lahelled phosphorus in the roots and in Ihe shoots wore determined after a one-or two-hour period. Down to -i).4 aimospheres, the amount of lalieUed phosphorus in the roots remained constant, hut the amount trans\)ortod to the shoots was reduced. However, potentials of -10.4 atm reduced the nmount of lahelled phosphorus in hoth the root and the shoot. Similar results were ohtained when plants were tested immediately afler water stress was imposed and when tested after water potentials Iiad heen lowered gradually.
Australian Journal of Crop Science
Phosphorus (P) is absorbed only as phosphate ions (Pi), which are often lower than the plant needs in cultivated soils. In this research, we have used various amounts of Pi for four weeks to feed hydroponically young tomato plants. Pi treatments influenced growth, biomass production, P levels in different tissues and the expression pattern of two Pi transporter genes, LePT1and LePT2. In a low Pi concentration density and length of root hairs, total root length, specific root length and root to shoot ratio increased while biomass, leaf area, and root density decreased. Root morphology was not changed significantly when the Pi supply was 0.5 mM or higher. The P level in roots or shoots did not increase significantly, when Pi level was above 1 mM. Correlation between roots, P content and two Pi transporter activities showed that transcription of LePT2 is induced at 0.2 g P/100g-1 dry weight in roots while LePT1expression remains high, up to 0.5 g P/100g-1 of dry weight. In total, these results showed that the P content of roots and shoots are strongly correlated with supplied Pi concentrations. Allocating more P in shoots than in roots indicated that leaves are cumulating organ for P distribution at high Pi condition.
Plant and Soil, 2011
Background In the context of increasing global food demand, ecological intensification of agroecosystems is required to increase nutrient use efficiency in plants while decreasing fertilizer inputs. Better exploration and exploitation of soil resources is a major issue for phosphorus, given that rock phosphate ores are finite resources, which are going to be exhausted in decades from now on. Scope We review the processes governing the acquisition by plants of poorly mobile nutrients in soils, with a particular focus on processes at the root-soil interface. Rhizosphere processes are poorly accounted for in most plant nutrition models. This lack largely explains why present-day models fail at predicting the actual uptake of poorly mobile nutrients such as phosphorus under low input conditions. A first section is dedicated to biophysical processes and the spatial/temporal development of the rhizosphere. A second section concentrates on biochemical/biogeochemical processes, while a third section addresses biological/ecological processes operating in the rhizosphere. Conclusions New routes for improving soil nutrient efficiency are addressed, with a particular focus on breeding and ecological engineering options. Better mimicking natural ecosystems and exploiting plant diversity appears as an appealing way forward, on this long and winding road towards ecological intensification of agroecosystems.
Plant Science, 2015
Specific metabolic network responses to mineral deficiencies are not well-defined. Here, we conducted a detailed broad-scale identification of metabolic responses of tomato leaves and roots to N, P or K deficiency. Tomato plants were grown hydroponically under optimal (5 mM N, 0.5 mM P, or 5 mM K) and deficient (0.5 mM N, 0.05 mM P, or 0.5 mM K) conditions and metabolites were measured by LC-MS and GC-MS. Based on these results, deficiency of any of these three minerals affected energy production and amino acid metabolism. N deficiency generally led to decreased amino acids and organic acids, and increased soluble sugars. P deficiency resulted in increased amino acids and organic acids in roots, and decreased soluble sugars. K deficiency caused accumulation of soluble sugars and amino acids in roots, and decreased organic acids and amino acids in leaves. Notable metabolic pathway alterations included; (1) increased levels of ␣-ketoglutarate and raffinose family oligosaccharides in N, P or Kdeficient tomato roots, and (2) increased putrescine in K-deficient roots. These findings provide new knowledge of metabolic changes in response to mineral deficiencies.
Plant Physiology, 2002
Mineral nutrient deficiencies constitute major limitations for plant growth on agricultural soils around the world. To identify genes that possibly play roles in plant mineral nutrition, we recently generated a high-density array consisting of 1,280 genes from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) roots for expression profiling in nitrogen (N) nutrition. In the current study, we used the same array to search for genes induced by phosphorus (P), potassium (K ϩ ), and iron (Fe) deficiencies. RNA gel-blot analysis was conducted to study the time-dependent kinetics for expression of these genes in response to withholding P, K, or Fe. Genes previously not associated with P, K, and Fe nutrition were identified, such as transcription factor, mitogenactivated protein (MAP) kinase, MAP kinase kinase, and 14-3-3 proteins. Many of these genes were induced within 1 h after withholding the specific nutrient from roots of intact plants; thus, RNA gel-blot analysis was repeated for specific genes (transcription factor and MAP kinase) in roots of decapitated plants to investigate the tissue-specific location of the signal triggering gene induction. Both genes were induced just as rapidly in decapitated plants, suggesting that the rapid response to the absence of P, K, or Fe in the root-bathing medium is triggered either by a root-localized signal or because of root sensing of the mineral environment surrounding the roots. We also show that expression of Pi, K, and Fe transporter genes were up-regulated by all three treatments, suggesting coordination and coregulation of the uptake of these three essential mineral nutrients. ; fax 607-255-2459.
Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2011
Phosphorus (P) is absorbed only as phosphate ions (Pi), which are often lower than the plant needs in cultivated soils. In this research, we have used various amounts of Pi for four weeks to feed hydroponically young tomato plants. Pi treatments influenced growth, biomass production, P levels in different tissues and the expression pattern of two Pi transporter genes, LePT1and LePT2. In a low Pi concentration density and length of root hairs, total root length, specific root length and root to shoot ratio increased while biomass, leaf area, and root density decreased. Root morphology was not changed significantly when the Pi supply was 0.5 mM or higher. The P level in roots or shoots did not increase significantly, when Pi level was above 1 mM. Correlation between roots, P content and two Pi transporter activities showed that transcription of LePT2 is induced at 0.2 g P/100g-1 dry weight in roots while LePT1expression remains high, up to 0.5 g P/100g-1 of dry weight. In total, these...
Frontiers in plant science, 2016
The relationship between root morphological and physiological responses to variable P supply in different plant species is poorly understood. We compared root morphological and physiological responses to P supply in seven crop species (Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Brassica napus, Lupinus albus, Glycine max, Vicia faba, Cicer arietinum) treated with or without 100 mg P kg(-1) in two soils (acidic and calcareous). Phosphorus deficiency decreased root length more in fibrous root species (Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Brassica napus) than legumes. Zea mays and Triticum aestivum had higher root/shoot biomass ratio and Brassica napus had higher specific root length compared to legumes, whereas legumes (except soybean) had higher carboxylate exudation than fibrous root species. Lupinus albus exhibited the highest P-acquisition efficiency due to high exudation of carboxylates and acid phosphatases. Lupinus albus and Cicer arietinum depended mostly on root exudation (i.e., physiological respo...
PLOS ONE, 2015
Phosphorus is a major nutrient acquired by plants via high-affinity inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporters. To determine the adaptation and homeostasis strategy to Pi starvation, we compared the proteome analysis of tomato leaves that were treated with and without Pi (as KH 2 PO 4) for 10 days. Among 600 reproducible proteins on 2-DE gels 46 of them were differentially expressed. These proteins were involved in major metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis, transcriptional/translational regulations, carbohydrate/energy metabolism, protein synthesis, defense response, and other secondary metabolism. The results also showed that the reduction in photosynthetic pigments lowered P content under-Pi treatments. Furthermore, high-affinity Pi transporters (lePT1 and lePT2) expressed in higher amounts under-Pi treatments. Also, the accumulation of Pi transporters was observed highly in the epidermis and palisade parenchyma under +Pi treatments compared to-Pi treatments. Our data suggested that tomato plants developed reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanisms to cope with low Pi content, including the up-regulation of proteins mostly involved in important metabolic pathways. Moreover, Pi-starved tomato plants increased their internal Pi utilization efficiency by increasing the Pi transporter genes and their rational localization. These results thus provide imperative information about how tomato plants respond to Pi starvation and its homeostasis.