Diagnosis of Human Toxoplasmosis Using Rapid Chromatographic Immunoassay and Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) Compared to Molecular Technique (PCR) as Gold Standard Technique (original) (raw)
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Review on the Current Trends of Toxoplasmosis Serodiagnosis in Humans
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2020
Toxoplasmosis is a widely distributed zoonotic infection caused by the obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It is mainly transmitted through the ingestion of oocysts shed by an infected cat acting as its definitive host. The key to effective control and treatment of toxoplasmosis is prompt and accurate detection of T. gondii infection. Several laboratory diagnostic methods have been established, including the most commonly used serological assays such as the dye test (DT), direct or modified agglutination test (DAT/MAT), indirect hemagglutination test (IHA), latex agglutination test (LAT), indirect immunofluorescent test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunochromatographic tests (ICT), and the western blot. Nonetheless, creating specific and reliable approaches for serodiagnosis of T. gondii infection, and differentiating between acute and chronic phases of infection remains a challenge. This review provides information on the current trends in the serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis. It highlights the advantages of the use of recombinant proteins for serological testing and provides insight into the possible future direction of these methods.
Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Human and Animals
Blood samples were collected from 56 aborted women, 127 asymptomatic occupational personnel and 630 slaughtered animals (280 sheep, 230 swine, 32 buffalo and 88 cow). Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was detected in the investigated human and animal samples by ELISA IgG assay. Nested PCR was performed on all DNA of ELISA positive human and animal samples to amplify a fragment from the B1 gene. ELISA results of human samples showed that 34 out of 56 aborted women (60.7%) and 48 out of 127 (37.8%) asymptomatic occupational personnel were positive for Toxo IgG. Concerning animals; 172 (61.4%), 185 (80.4%), 11 (34.4) and 17 (19.3%) out of 285 sheep, 230 swine, 32 buffaloes and 88 cow, respectively were positive for Toxo IgG. Results of PCR revealed that 26.5, 35.4 and 19.7% of the examined 34 aborted women, 48 asymptomatic occupational personnel and 385 animals were infected with T. gondii. In the present study, all ELISA IgG results in human and animals were higher than those of PCR. This indicates that the presence of Toxoplasma-specific antibodies was an insufficient criterion for identifying Toxoplasma infection. It can be concluded that ELISA combined with the PCR technique is a recommended tool for accurate diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis.
Toxoplasmosis Seroepidemiology in Serum of Suspected Patients Attending Medical Lab, in 2013
Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is Zoonoses among humans and animals with cosmopolitan distribution. Acquired form of the disease often has no symptoms or discomfort of swollen lymph nodes and associated Chorioretinitis. The congenital form of the disease is delivered via the placenta from mother to fetus. Congenital infection may cause abortion or damage to the central nervous system and eye disorders. The aim of this study was to determine toxoplasmosis Seroepidemiologyin serum of suspected patients referring to medical lab,in 2013. Materials and Methods: This study was cross- sectional. After physical examination, of the total cases 712 were diagnosed with suspected toxoplasmosis infection,and were referred for evaluation of serological diagnostic laboratories. serum samples were collected from patients' in the laboratory using kits of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and Chorus Toxoplasma IgG, IgM antibodies were tested by ELISA method. Data on age, sex and time of the visit and laboratory test results were recorded in the Czech list, and then were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: From 712 sera tested, 649 (91.2%) were female while 63 ((8.8% were male. 171 (24.3%) of the antibody IgG and 25 ((3.5% in terms of IgM in serum were positive. In sex -wise distributed groups 159 female (93%)) and 12 male (7%) tested positive for IgG . and, 24 female(96%)) and 1 male (4%) were IgM positive. Most positive tests(9.5% ) were observed in the group aged over 50 years.whereas The lowest percentage of positive tests were in the group with age less than 20 years (20%) and the highest was observed in patients above 60 years (8/47 percent). Conclusion: As a general conclusion, it can be stated that the frequency of specific IgM and IgG antibodies in toxoplasmosis, in the suspected-to-have toxoplasmosis and control groups were not statistically significant. Also, we can conclude that abortion is involved in the development of chronic toxoplasmosis.
2014
2 Abstract: Toxoplasmosis can be diagnosed indirectly with serological methods with detection of specific Toxoplasma IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies, yet those techniques are not reliable enough to detect specific anti-T. gondii antibodies during the active phase of the parasitic infection. In the current study, we have purified a specific T. gondii antigen (s) as to detect its efficacy in diagnosis of the disease at the hardly detectable phase. ELISA and immunoblot assays in parallel with a developed home-made dot ELISA were used to achieve our goal. A total of 153 human sera were collected from patients and assigned into three groups: A first group of 88 sera pooled from T. gondii-infected patients,a second group of 35 samples collected from patients infected with other parasites and, ultimately, a third group of 30 sera pooled from healthy individuals (control). Our results showed a comparable significance in the sensitivity, specificity and efficacy obtained by using the commercial ...