Comportamiento agronómico de 14 poblaciones criollas de frijol rojo (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en los departamentos de Estelí y Nueva Segovia (original) (raw)

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume for human consumption because it contains iron, protein, carbohydrates and fat. In Nicaragua, only 15% of the farmers use certified seed and 85% of the seed is considered. This situation indicates that the production of beans depend on a large extent to the use of landraces seeds. The general objective was to evaluate the agronomic behavior of 14 landraces red bean populations in three environments of departaments of Estelí and Nueva Segovia. For the establishment, a randomized complete blocks design with four repetitions and experimental units of four rows of 5 meters long was used. and 50 centimeters between rows. The variables taken were; vegetative adaptation, reproductive adaptation, days to flowering, habit of growth, reaction to angular spot disease, days to physiological maturity, harvested plants, number of pods per plants, number of grain per pods, yield in grain, commercial value, weight in 100 grain. For the analysis, the statistical package Infogen was used, an analysis of individual variance and combined with a mixed model, populations as fixed effects, environments as random effects and nested repetitions in environments were performed. The statistical analysis showed significa nt statistical differences within populations, where three landraces populations were identified that surpassed the INTA Rojo control, the populations that obtained the highest yield were: Chile Rojo Chuslí with 2111.64 Kg/ha-1 , followed by Balín CR with 1940.30 Kg/ha-1 and Rojo Montañita with 1636.77 Kg/ha-1. In the locality of Las Brumas, the highest yield was obtained by Balín CR population, followed by Chile Rojo Chuslí. In the Quinta, Chile Rojo Chuslí and Rojo Montañita populations. In Chuslí, Chile Rojo Chuslí and Murreño populations stand out. The phenological variables ranged from 61.8 to 67.83 days at physiological maturity, the days at flowering ranged from 34.67 to 38.42 dds, with the Chile Rosario and Manada populations standing out, being located as early populations. Regarding the reaction to angular spot, seven populations presented low level of affectation, the ranges ranged from 3.17 to 4.75, highlighting the Balín CR population with a scale of 3.17 and six materials with an intermediate reaction, standing out the Chile Rojo Chuslí population.