Phylogeny, Diversity, and Distribution of Micryletta (Anura: Microhylidae) in Myanmar (original) (raw)
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Zoological Research, 2019
We present a morphological and molecular assessment of the Microhyla fauna of Myanmar based on new collections from central (Magway Division) and northern (Kachin State) parts of the country. In total, six species of Microhyla are documented, including M. berdmorei, M. heymonsi, M. butleri, M. mukhlesuri and two new species described from the semi-arid savanna-like plains of the middle part of the Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) River Valley. We used a 2 481 bp long 12S rRNA 16S rRNA fragment of mtDNA to hypothesize genealogical relationships within Microhyla. We applied an integrative taxonomic approach combining molecular, morphological, and acoustic lines of evidence to evaluate the taxonomic status of Myanmar Microhyla. We demonstrated that the newly discovered populations of Microhyla sp. from the Magway Division represent two yet undescribed species. These two new sympatric species are assigned to the M. achatina species group, with both adapted to the seasonally dry environments of the Irrawaddy Valley. Microhyla fodiens sp. nov. is a stout-bodied species with a remarkably enlarged shovel-like outer metatarsal tubercle used for burrowing and is highly divergent from other known congeners (P-distance 8.8%). Microhyla irrawaddy sp. nov. is a small-bodied slender frog reconstructed as a sister species to M. kodial from southern India (P-distance=5.3%); however, it clearly differs from the latter both in external morphology and advertisement call parameters. Microhyla mukhlesuri is reported from Myanmar for the first time. We further discuss the morphological diagnostics and biogeography of Microhyla species recorded in Myanmar.
A new species of Microhyla (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Malay Peninsula
2007
A new species of frog in the genus Microhyla is described from Sumatra, Indonesia based on molecular and morphological characters. This new species was previously confused with M. achatina, a Javan endemic. This new species is diagnosable from its congeners by possessing a medium size (SVL in adult males 18.20-21.32 mm, in adult females 20.37-25.51 mm), a stout body, a nostrileyelid length being about half of the snout length, having a single outer palmar tubercle, a tibiotarsal articulation reaching the center of the eye (when the hindlimbs are stretched and adpressed to the body), having finger and toe tips dilated, having the dorsum with medial longitudinal grooves, and excibiting a very thin and short dark stripe on the temporal region above a wider cream stripe, extending from the postorbital area to insertion of forelimb. Additionally, the new species is characterized by possessing relatively little foot webbing. Uncorrected 16S rRNA sequence divergences between the new taxon and sequences for other congeneric species available ranged from 4.8 to 15.0%.
Description of two new species of Microhyla (Anura: Microhylidae) from Bangladesh
Zootaxa, 2014
Two new frog species belonging to genus Microhyla from the southeast, central and northeast regions of Bangladesh are described. Based on a molecular phylogeny derived from mitochondrial DNA sequences, one of the new species forms a clade with M. fissipes, while the second new species is sister to this clade. The DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from these new species are substantially diverged from M. fissipes (8.9 and 10.2% [3.6 and 4.2% for 16S ribosomal RNA gene] uncorrected pairwise divergence, respectively), and the estimated phylogenetic splits from their closest relative is in the Pliocene (3.4 Mya) and middle Miocene (10.5 Mya). The first new species (Microhyla mukhlesuri sp. nov.) can be diagnosed from its nearest congener (M. fissipes) by the following characteristics: SVL: 16.5-21.0 mm, finger length 1 < 4 < 2 < 3, tips of finger and toes not swollen, subarticular tubercles distinct, an inverse U-shaped mark on the anus, and a distinct X-shaped marking on the dorsum. Although the second new species (M. mymensinghensis sp. nov.) shares some morphological characteristics with the first new species, it can be readily diagnosed from its close congeners by its longer hindlimbs (HLL/ SVL), tibia (TIL/SVL) and forearm width (FAW/SVL), in addition to a combination of the following characteristics: SVL: 14.2-21.3 mm, snout truncate, a crescent-shaped marking on the anus, and an X-shaped marking on the dorsum. The tibiotarsal articulation extends to the eye in M. fissipes but ranges from the eye to the tip of the snout in the two new species.
Description of two new species of Microhyla (Anura: Microhylidae) from Bangladesh
Zootaxa, 2014
Two new frog species belonging to genus Microhyla from the southeast, central and northeast regions of Bangladesh are described. Based on a molecular phylogeny derived from mitochondrial DNA sequences, one of the new species forms a clade with M. fissipes, while the second new species is sister to this clade. The DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from these new species are substantially diverged from M. fissipes (8.9 and 10.2% [3.6 and 4.2% for 16S ribosomal RNA gene] uncorrected pairwise divergence, respectively), and the estimated phylogenetic splits from their closest relative is in the Pliocene (3.4 Mya) and middle Miocene (10.5 Mya). The first new species (Microhyla mukhlesuri sp. nov.) can be diagnosed from its nearest congener (M. fissipes) by the following characteristics: SVL: 16.5-21.0 mm, finger length 1 < 4 < 2 < 3, tips of finger and toes not swollen, subarticular tubercles distinct, an inverse U-shaped mark on the anus, and a distinct X-shaped marking on the dorsum. Although the second new species (M. mymensinghensis sp. nov.) shares some morphological characteristics with the first new species, it can be readily diagnosed from its close congeners by its longer hindlimbs (HLL/ SVL), tibia (TIL/SVL) and forearm width (FAW/SVL), in addition to a combination of the following characteristics: SVL: 14.2-21.3 mm, snout truncate, a crescent-shaped marking on the anus, and an X-shaped marking on the dorsum. The tibiotarsal articulation extends to the eye in M. fissipes but ranges from the eye to the tip of the snout in the two new species.