Management of Acute Complications during Endovascular Procedures in Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Review (original) (raw)
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Contemporary management of peripheral arterial disease: III. Endovascular and surgical management
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 2006
Traditional indications for invasive treatment in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have been salvage of a threatened limb or improvement of functional capacity in cases of disabling intermittent claudication, but advances in interventional therapy may be lowering the threshold for these therapies. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), with or without stent placement, is the most common endovascular intervention in patients with occlusive lower extremity PAD. In general, PTA is best suited to cases of short-segment stenosis or large-bore vessels, whereas surgery is best applied to multilevel occlusions involving smaller and more distant vessels. This article reviews endovascular therapy, catheter-based thrombolysis, and surgical revascularization procedures in patients with PAD, with special attention to recommendations from new American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines.
International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, 2006
Backgrounds Endovascular management of peripheral vascular disease before cardiac surgery is still debated. We sought to present our preliminary experience of endovascular stent placement in patients scheduled for urgent cardiac surgery. Methods Between November 2003 and August 2005, 20 patients scheduled for urgent coronary surgery (13 males, mean age 72.5±5.3 years) underwent endovascular repair of PVD on the basis of clinical and angiographic indications. Aspirin (100 mg/day) plus low molecular weight heparin (nadroparin calcium) 100 IU/kg/12 h for urgent coronary surgical revascularization was administered after the procedure. Results Endovascular stenting has been performed in four clinical settings: renal artery stenting prior to coronary surgery (nine patients) to decrease the impact of extracorporeal circulation on an impaired renal function, iliac artery artery angioplasty and stenting (eight patients) in order to facilitate aortic balloon pump insertion after surgery, subclavian artery angioplasty and stenting propedeutical to arterial conduits bypass surgery (one patient), carotid artery stenting before coronary surgery (two patients). All patients underwent successful endovascular repair followed by cardiac surgery. At a mean follow-up of 12±4.6 months all patients are alive and without evident thrombosis or restenosis of the implanted vascular stents. Conclusions Endovascular treatment of PVD in patients scheduled for urgent coronary surgery may be effective, relatively safe and lasting in spite of low dose antiplatelet regimen.
Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease
Current Problems in Cardiology, 2009
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects about 27 million people in North America and Europe, accounting for up to 413,000 hospitalizations per year with 88,000 hospitalizations involving the lower extremities and 28,000 involving embolectomy or thrombectomy of lower limb arteries. Many patients are asymptomatic and, among symptomatic patients, atypical symptoms are more common than classic claudication. Peripheral arterial disease also correlates strongly with risk of major cardiovascular events, and patients with PAD have a high prevalence of coexistent coronary and cerebrovascular disease. Because the prevalence of PAD increases progressively with age, PAD is a growing clinical problem due to the increasingly aged population in the United States and other developed countries. Until recently, vascular surgical procedures were the only alternative to medical therapy in such patients. Today, endovascular practice, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without stenting, is used far more frequently for all types of lower extremity occlusive lesions, reflecting the continuing advances in imaging techniques, angioplasty equipment, and endovascular expertise. The role of endovascular intervention in the treatment of limb-threatening ischemia is also expanding, and its promise of limb salvage and symptom relief with reduced morbidity and mortality makes percutaneous transluminal angioplasty/stenting an attractive alternative to sur-
Day-Case Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease: Results from a Multi-Center European Study
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology, 2016
Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate safety and feasibility of day-case endovascular procedures for the management of peripheral arterial disease. Materials and Methods This was a multi-center, retrospective study including all patients treated over a 30-month period with endovascular angioplasty or stenting for intermittent claudication (IC) or critical limb ischemia (CLI) on a day-case basis, in Interventional Radiology (IR) departments of three European tertiary hospitals. Exclusion criteria were not related to the type of lesion and included unavailability of an adult able to take care of patient overnight; high bleeding risk and ASA score C4. Primary efficacy outcome was the rate of procedures performed on an outpatient basis requiring no further hospitalization and primary safety outcome was freedom from 30-day major complications' rate. Results The study included 652 patients (male 75 %; mean age 68 ± 10 years; range: 27-93), 24.6 % treated for CLI. In 53.3 % of the cases a 6Fr sheath was used. Technical success was 97.1 %. Haemostasis was obtained by manual compression in 52.4 % of the accesses. The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 95.4 % (622/652 patients) and primary safety outcome in 98.6 % (643/652 patients). Major complications included five (0.7 %) retroperitoneal hematomas requiring transfusion; one (0.1 %) common femoral artery pseudoaneurysm successfully treated with US-guided thrombin injection, two cases of intra-procedural distal embolization treated with catheter-directed local thrombolysis and one on-table cardiac arrest necessitating [24 h recovery. No major complication was noted after same-day discharge. Conclusions Day-case endovascular procedures for the treatment of IC or CLI can be safely and efficiently performed in experienced IR departments of large tertiary hospitals.
Endovascular Repair of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery
Objective One thousand consecutive patients who underwent endovascular repair in an 8-year period were studied retrospectively to evaluate technical success, freedom from reinterventions, early clinical outcome, and risk factors for restenosis/occlusion. Methods Mean ± SD Rutherford class was 3.29 ± 0.8. A total of 755 patients have claudication, 423 from rest pain, and 569 from ischemic ulceration. Results A total of 552 men and 448 women (mean ± SD = 69.84 ± 8 years; range = 19–89 years) underwent endovascular repair. A total of 698 patients received local anesthesia and 302 general anesthesia. A total of 447 patients received percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, 650 stents were placed; 231 atherectomies were performed and 171 patients received hybrid approach. The procedure was successful in 847 patients (84%). There was no early death. There were 151 early occlusions (95 underwent surgery, 56 received stents), 121 dissections (39 underwent surgery, 56 received stents and 26 me...
Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2004
Objective: To prospectively evaluate complications after diagnostic and therapeutic endovascular procedures (DTEPs) and determine what factors are predictive. Methods: From December 2002 to December 2003, all patients undergoing DTEPs performed by university vascular surgeons in a catheterization laboratory were prospectively evaluated. Medical demographics, procedure-related details, and type and severity of complications were recorded at the time of the procedure, during the first 24 hours, and at 2 to 4 weeks. Complications were classified as local vascular (LV), local nonvascular (LNV), systemic remote (SR), and major, minor, and nonsignificant. Results: Three hundred-three DTEPs were performed (54.5% DEPs, 45.5% TEPs). At the time of DTEP, 28 complications occurred in 23 patients: 10 LV (3.3%), 15 LNV (5.0%), and 3 SR (1.0%). At 24 hours, 26 complications occurred in 25 patients: 5 LV (1.7%), 7 LNV (2.3%), and 14 SR (4.7%). At 2 to 4 weeks, 26 complications occurred 25 patients: 5 LV (1.7%), 7 LNV (2.3%), and 14 SR (4.7%)
Trends, complications, and mortality in peripheral vascular surgery
Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2006
The recent evolution in treatments for peripheral vascular disease has dated available mortality statistics for vascular intervention. Moreover, many of our current mortality statistics are derived from single-institution studies that are often not reflective of outcomes in general practice. To provide current and generalizable data regarding mortality and trends for peripheral vascular interventions, we examined two national data sets (Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1998-2003, and National Hospital Discharge Survey, 1979-2003) and four states (New York, California, Florida, and New Jersey, 1998-2003). Four procedures--abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (nonruptured), lower extremity revascularization, amputation, and carotid revascularization--were selected by cross-referencing International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, diagnostic and procedural codes. For significance, the t test was used for continuous variables, the chi2 test was used for dichotomous variables, and the chi2 test was used for mortality trends. From 1998 to 2003, there was a progressive decrease in the national per capita rate of amputations: 13.2% overall and 21.2% for major amputations (P < .0001). Nationally and regionally, mortality has only slightly declined. For lower extremity revascularization, after a sharp increase during the 1980s to 100,000 open procedures, the volume remained constant for 10 years and began to decline in 1998, reaching 70,000 cases in 2003. In contrast, since 1996, endovascular interventions have increased 40%. Mortality during the 1998 to 2003 period remained virtually stable at 1.5% to 2% for endovascular procedures and 3% to 4% for open procedures. The overall volume of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair has not changed substantially for the past 6 years; however, endovascular repair is now used for nearly half the cases (46.5% regional and 43.0% national). Mortality for open repair has not changed, remaining at approximately 5%, whereas for endovascular repair, mortality has declined from 2.6% in 2000 to less than 1.5% in 2003. After the rapid increase in open carotid revascularization in the early 1990s, the total volume has declined 5% nationally from 1998 to 2003. Regional data demonstrated an overall 12% reduction in carotid revascularization volume since 1998; this reduction was due to a 16% decline in open carotid revascularization. During this same period, the use of angioplasty-stent carotid revascularization doubled. Mortality for the open procedures is 0.5% and is significantly higher (2%-3%) for endovascular carotid revascularization. Stroke rates for endovascular carotid revascularization are also higher: 2.13% vs 1.28% for open procedures (P < .0001). Dramatic shifts in the management of peripheral vascular disease have occurred together with an overall decline in mortality. There seems to be a significant mortality advantage for endovascular as compared with traditional surgery except for carotid endarterectomy. The increasing safety of vascular interventions should be considered when deciding which patients to treat but with the caveat that endovascular interventions are not always safer than open repair.