Hadiyyat al-Muhtadi: A Synthesis of Ottoman and European Mathematical Traditions in 18th-Century Belgrade (original) (raw)
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CONTRIBUTIONS OF TURKS TO WORLD HISTORY OF SCIENCE: MATHEMATICS IN THE MIDDLE AGES
Pedaqoji Universitetinin Xeberleri Humanitar , 2020
The article is devoted to the contributions of Turks to the mathematics in the Middle Ages in context of world history of science. One of the most brilliant periods of science in the Eastern civilization begins with the establishment of the religion of Islam. Basic ideas and knowledge in sciences began to create in the Islamic Golden Age. One of such sciences is mathematics. The outstanding Turkic mathematicians gave invaluable contributions to the establishment of ideas on mathematics. The study investigates the development of history of mathematics through the scientists such as al-Khwarazmi, al-Farabi, Qadi Zada al-Rumi, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Ulugh Beg Mirza and so on. In this article, the method of historical excursus is used through the reliable English-language sources. The relevance of this article is that mathematical scientific ideas by the Turkic scientists gave significant contributions to form mathematics as a science today.
16th CENTURY OTTOMAN MATHEMATICS GENERAL FEATURES
16th century is the golden era of the Ottoman science. That broad conclusion is also valid for mathematics. In that century Ottomans produced original treaties and commentaries more than ever. Unfortunately, all the Ottoman texts has not been translated and examined yet. Therefore all the general conclusions and the evaluations about the Ottoman mathematics, would be in inadequate and insufficient. Nevertheless, when the 16th century compared with the remaining periods, it seems to be possible to obtain an acceptable conclusion. Keywords: 16th century, Golden Era, Ottoman Mathematics, Ottoman Algebra, Ottoman Geometry, Ottoman Arithmetic, Ottoman Sciences, Taqi al-Dîn, al-Maghrîbî.
'Mebahis-i İlmiye' as the First Periodical on Mathematical Sciences in the Ottoman Turkey
Mebahis-i İlmiye (1867-1869) was the first periodical on mathematical sciences published in 19th century Ottoman Turkey. The authors primarily attempted to introduce the mathematics required for the financial, societal, educational and military development of the country. This paper analyzes the periodical in order to understand (i) the fundamental reasons for its publication, and (ii) transmission of contemporary mathematics from Europe to Ottoman Turkey. Findings unveiled that the periodical had various reasons for mathematics education in the Ottoman society of the time. Moreover, it served the transmission issue to a certain extent.
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Mathematical Instruments Commonly Used among the Ottomans
AHS, 2019
At the end of 17th century and during 18th century, after devastating Russian wars, the Ottomans realized that they fell behind of the war technology of the Western militaries. In order to catch up with their Western rivals, they decided that they had to reform their education systems. For that, they sent several students to abroad for education and started to translate Western books. They established Western-style military academies of engineering. They also invited foreign teachers in order to give education in these institutes and they consulted them while there were preparing the curriculum. For all these, during the modernization period, the reform (nizâm-ı cedid) planers modeled mainly France, especially for teaching the applied disciplines. Since their main aim was to grasp the technology of the West, their interest focused on the applied part of sciences and mathematics. For that reason, they had a very keen interest in mathematical instruments. The main objective of this article is to examine mathematical instruments commonly used in the Ottoman Empire. We examined that by dividing the subject in two periods: The Classical period (Medieval Islamic Echole) and the Modernization period (Western Echole). Our main focus in this article will be the Modernization period and the instruments used in the Ottoman military academies.