Physico-chemical conditions in the rumen of Bedouin goats: effect of drinking, food quality and feeding time (original) (raw)
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Effect of concentrate percentage on ruminal pH and time-budget in dairy goats
animal, 2008
The aim of this study was to compare rumen pH and time-budget in eight mid-lactation goats receiving two diets in a cross-over design (low-concentrate diet (L): 30% and high-concentrate diet (H): 60% concentrate). Feeding H increased daily intake (4.3 ± 0.08% v. 4.7 ± 0.08% of body weight for L and H, respectively) and daily milk production (3.01 ± 0.130 v. 3.50 ± 0.130 kg/day of 3.5% fat-corrected milk for L and H, respectively). It decreased milk fat and inverted the fat-to-protein ratio (1.07 ± 0.054 v. 0.94 ± 0.054 for L and H, respectively). As suggested by the percentage of time spent with rumen pH below 6.0 (23.4 ± 6.60% v. 39.9 ± 5.88% for L and H, respectively), H was more acidogenic than L. When offered H instead of L, goats spent less time eating (298 ± 17.5 v. 265 ± 17.5 min for L and H, respectively) and ruminating (521 ± 21.0 v. 421 ± 21.0 min for L and H, respectively) but more time resting (352 ± 27.1 v. 459 ± 21.1 min for L and H, respectively) over a 24-h period. T...
Effects-of-Physically-Conditioned-Water-on-Rumen-Liquor-of-Desert-Sheep-in-Sudan1
E.A. Babeker, 2013
Abstract:- Physically conditioned water, made by passage through Permanent magnet, is used for the prevention and removal of lime-scale and activate proton transfer in water cluster, but also has a diverse biological effects. In this investigation, it has shown the stimulation of physically conditioned water on 45 samples of rumen components of three young desert sheep in Sudan weighing 26-30 kg, which values obtained pre feeding (fasting overnight, 0hrs), 3hours and 6hours post feeing. Results indicated that conditioning of the water increase significantly PH 3hrs post feeding, Ammonia (NH3) 3hrs and 6hrs after feeding and protozoa count 6hrs post feeing than the normal water group. Moreover, decrease PH pre feeding animals. Even more, does not interfere with the Volatile Fatty Acids (V.F.A) and Bacteria count in rumen liquor of desert sheep in Sudan.
Degradation characteristics of four different diets in the rumen of goat
The main aim of this experiment in sacco was to examine the characteristic degradation of four grasses in the rumen of goat. Those of four grasses studied were R1 = Elephant grass, R2 = Mini elephant grass, R3 = Panicum maximum grass, and R4 = Brachiaria decumbens grass. Randomised complete design (RCD) was employed to allocate four fistulated goat. The protocol for this study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the University of Hasanuddin Makassar, before the commencement of the experiment. Goat was kept in an individual metabolism crate and fed with general purpose diets. A general purpose (GP) diet was mixed with equal amounts of those 4 grasses Elephant grass (R1), Mini elephant grass (R2), Panicum maximum grass (R3) and Brachiaria decumbens grass (R4). The GP diet was added with 20% of rice bran. Water and salt were provided ad libitum. Voluntary feed intake was then measured every day by weighing feed offered at 7am and feed residue at 7 am in the next day. In ord...
Milk quality as affected by grazing time of day in Mediterranean goats
Journal of Dairy Research, 2008
We evaluated the effect of grazing time of day on goat milk chemical composition, renneting properties and milk fatty acid profile in a Mediterranean grazing system. Sixteen lactating Girgentana goats were divided into two experimental groups and housed in individual pens, where they received 500 g/d of barley grain. For 5 weeks the two groups were left to graze in two fenced plots on a ryegrass sward as follows: morning group (AM), from 9 . 00 to 13 . 00 ; afternoon group (PM), from 12 . 00 to 16 . 00. In selected herbage, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) increased in the afternoon (204 v. 174 g/kg dry matter, DM ; P =0 . 01), whereas crude protein (CP) and linolenic acid decreased (respectively, 16 . 7 v. 19 . 8 % DM; P <0 . 01 and 26 . 8 v. 30 . 4 g/kg DM ; P <0 . 01). Pasture dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly higher in the afternoon (0 . 82 v. 0 . 75 kg/d ; P=0 . 026). Fat corrected milk production (FCM), milk fat and lactose content were not affected by treatment, whereas protein and titrable acidity (8SH) increased in the PM group (respectively 3 . 56 v. 3 . 42 %; P =0 . 01 ; 3 . 55 v. 3 . 22 8SH/50 ml ; P =0 . 01). In contrast, milk urea content was significantly higher in the AM group (381 v. 358 mg/l; P =0 . 037). The results seem to indicate that an improvement in ruminal efficiency might be obtained by shifting grazing time from morning to afternoon, as a consequence of a more balanced ratio between nitrogenous compounds and sugars. Indeed, the higher linolenic acid and the lower conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (respectively 1 . 02 v. 0 . 90, P =0 . 037; 0 . 71 v. 0 . 81 % of total fatty acids, P =0 . 022) in the milk of goats grazing in the afternoon seem to indicate a reduced biohydrogenation activity in the PM group.
Journal of dairy science, 2011
This study examined feeding patterns and their relation to rumen pH. The measured variables were the cumulative time spent chewing (eating or ruminating) and the mean rumen pH, per 20-min intervals (46 intervals altogether). A total of 333 feeding patterns, defined as time-series of measurements for 1 animal and 1 given day during 15 h and 20 min following the afternoon feeding, were collected from 12 stall-housed dairy goats fed a total mixed ration twice daily. The first objective of this study was to analyze the within-day variability of feeding behavior to characterize different feeding patterns. The second objective was to analyze, for each goat, the between-day variability of its feeding behavior. The third objective was to study the influence of feeding behavior on rumen pH. A multivariate method (principal component analysis) was performed on the time spent eating or ruminating during each of the 46 intervals. The factor score plots generated by the principal component analy...
Effects of Water Restriction on Dairy Goats Under Temperate or Semi Arid Environments
AgroParisTech ; American University of Beirut, 2014
C Degree Celcius o C Degré Celsius Ca ++ Calcium Ca ++ Calcium Cl-Chlorine Cl-Chlore CO 2 Carbon dioxide CO 2 Dioxyde de carbone CP Crude Protein souvent atteintes avec certains systèmes d'élevage alliant une alimentation adaptée et une bonne gestion du troupeau. Les taux butyreux et protéiques sont en moyenne de 3.2%, 3.0% et 3.5%, 3.1% respectivement, pour les Saanen et les alpines (Bélichon et al., 1998). Les hautes performances de la race Saanen l'ont rendue intéressante pour l'amélioration de la production caprine dans les pays arides et semi arides tels que le Soudan et le Liban (Khazaal, 1.1. Revue qualitative de la littérature La revue de la bibliographie sur le sujet du stress hydrique chez les petits ruminants a donné lieu à deux travaux de synthèse qui ont été publiés. Le premier est un chapitre d'ouvrage dédié à explorer le stress hydrique en général ; l'autre publication est un article de synthèse sur le stress hydrique chez les moutons qui a été publié dans un journal international à comité de lecture. Etant donné que les deux ouvrages contiennent des points communs, ils ont été résumés dans la même section qui suit, afin de servir de synthèse bibliographique en français et de mise en contexte du sujet de recherche. Ce résumé garde globalement les mêmes titres des paragraphes que dans les textes en anglais pour faciliter au lecteur l'accès aux détails et aux références utilisées dans les publications en anglais. La liste des références.pour cette partie est détaillée dans les publications en anglais qui suivent. a. Résumé en français Longues oreilles Physiologiques Concentration de l'urine Rétention d'eau Hausse temporaire de la température corporelle Adaptation à la réhydratation sans risque d'hémolyse b. Texte en anglais du chapitre d'ouvrage sur le stress hydrique chez les petits ruminants : Water stress in small ruminants
2019
Goat nutrition depends on rumen microorganisms, however when rumen ecosystem is disturbed, cascade of detrimental effects on animal health and productivity takes place. Thus, rumen ecosystem alteration by supplementing dietary fats with known potential in microbial protein synthesis, nutrient digestibility and reduction of ruminal NH3-N emission are indeed significant scientific challenge. The study aims to explore the potential of dietary fats supplementation in goats. Three rumen-cannulated goats in individual metabolism stalls with customized urine collection tools was used following cross-over trial over time. Animals were randomly selected on different dietary treatment and cycle, provided with concentrate supplemented with VCO and lard at 3 and 5% on the morning and ad libitum feeding of Napier grass thereafter with continuous access to clean drinking water. Result showed that there were positively high associations in all nutrients (DM, CP, NDF and ADF) apparent digestibility while negatively high association between rumen pH and NH3-N. Moderately positive associations were observed between purine derivatives and apparent nutrient digestibility. However, moderately negative relationship between VFA and purine derivatives and between NH3-N and rumen temperature. In general, inversely proportional association on rumen pH and NH3-N was noted. However, apparent CP, NDF and ADF digestibility has strong positive association.
Journal of Dairy Science, 2015
Sixteen Murciano-Granadina dairy goats, provided with wireless rumen sensors for pH and temperature, were used to assess the rumen environment variations produced by extreme forage to concentrate diets (experiment 1) and climatic conditions (experiment 2). To avoid the interference of feed intake, goats were fed at maintenance level. Rumen sensors were inserted by surgery and programmed to collect and store rumen pH and temperature every 30 min. In experiment 1, 8 dry goats (38.6 ± 2.3 kg of body weight) in tiestalls were divided into 2 groups and fed at maintenance level with 2 diets varying in forage-to-concentrate ratio [high forage (HF) 70:30; low forage (LF) 30:70] according to a crossover design. Diets were offered once daily for 4 h and tap water (4 L, 9.8 ± 0.4°C) was offered for only 30 min at 6 h after feeding. Rectal temperatures were recorded 3 times during the day. Rumen pH fell immediately after feeding, reaching a nadir depending on the diet (HF = 6.35 ± 0.07 at 11 h after feeding; LF = 6.07 ± 0.07 at 6 h after feeding) and being on average greater (0.31 ± 0.06) in HF than LF goats. No diet effects were detected in rectal (38.2 ± 0.1°C) and ruminal (38.9 ± 0.1°C) mean temperatures, which were positively correlated. Rumen temperature dramatically changed by feeding (1.4 ± 0.1°C) and drinking (−3.4 ± 0.1°C), and 2 h were necessary to return to the fasting value (38.2 ± 0.1°C). In experiment 2, 8 dry goats (43.9 ± 1.0 kg of body weight) were kept in metabolic cages, fed a 50:50 diet and exposed to 2 climatic conditions following a crossover design. Conditions were thermoneutral (TN; 20 to 23°C day-night) and heat stress (HS; 12-h day at 37°C and 12-h night at 30°C). Humidity (40 ± 5%) and photoperiod (light-dark, 12-12 h) were similar. Goats were fed at maintenance level, the feed being offered once daily and water at ambient temperature was freely available. Intake, rectal temperature, and respiratory rate were recorded 3 times daily. Despite no differing in dry matter intake, rumen pH was lower in HS than in TN goats (−0.12 ± 0.04). On the contrary, rumen temperature (0.3 ± 0.1°C), rectal temperature (0.4 ± 0.1°C), respiratory rate (77 ± 5 breaths/min), and water intake (3.2 ± 0.7 L/d) had a greater increase in HS than TN, which might indicate an altered microbial fermentation under high temperature conditions. In conclusion, wireless bolus sensors proved to be a useful tool to monitor rumen pH and temperature as affected by different feeding and climatic conditions.
Growth Performance and Ruminal Metabolic Variables of Goats Fed Rain Tree (Samanea saman) Pods
Tropical Animal Science Journal
The effect of rain tree pods (RTP) or acacia pods on the growth performance, rumen metabolites, and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in goats was evaluated through feeding trial and in situ methods. Eighteen 7 month-old Philippine native goats with body weight range of 7.86±1.28 kg were divided into three groups consisting of six replicates and randomly assigned to one of treatment diets containing 0%, 50%, and 100% RTP in the concentrate portion of a ration containing 65% roughage and 35% concentrate. Three rumen-cannulated mature goats were used in the in situ studies to determine the dietary effects on rumen fluid pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia, and rumen DM and CP digestibilities. Differences (P values < 0.05) were observed on daily gain, total feed intake, and feed efficiency with diets having >50% RTP generally resulted in lower above-stated performance parameters. Rumen fluid pH of goats decreased after feeding and was lowest in goats fed with 50% RTP. Concentrations of VFA and ammonia were not significantly different. Slowly degradable DM of the test diets were higher in concentrate mixture without RTP. Degradable fractions of CP had highest value on concentrate mixture without RTP while lowest on 100% RTP. However, no differences were observed on potentially digestible fractions and degradability constants of DM and CP. It could be concluded that RTPs can be an alternative ingredient in concentrate mixtures given up to 50% in the mixture as part of a daily ration for goats.