Neurotransmitter, Antioxidant and Anti-neuroinflammatory Mechanistic Potentials of Herbal Medicines in Ameliorating Autism Spectrum Disorder (original) (raw)
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Role of Unani Neuroprotective Herbal Drugs in the Management of Autism
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.6\_Issue.9\_Sep2019/Abstract\_IJRR004.html, 2019
Autism, a sub-type of pervasive developmental disorders, is characterized by difficulty in communication and social interaction, restricted interests in activities, repetitive behaviours and reduced ability to function at school, work place and other areas of life. The estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorders has increased dramatically in the past several years. The disease requires long-term treatment and is generally considered incurable. Conventional management focuses on behavioural therapies, education and dietary therapies. Pharmacological intervention includes psychotropic drugs to reduce behavioural problems, but is associated with significant adverse effects. In Unani system of medicine a number of plant drugs have been used extensively in various neurological disorders because of their neuroprotective properties. Plant based Unani drugs have multiple bioactive compounds, which may work on multiple systems including oxidative stress, mitochondria, inflammatory cytokines and immune system. This review paper focuses on the neuroprotective potential of some Unani medicinal herbs which can be used in autism as a substitute of pharmacotherapy or can be an adjunct therapy.
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Autism is a diversified group of neurological disorders having unknown cause which are interpreted entirely based on behavioral examination. During the last two decades, the frequency and prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have risen. The elevated level of oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant potential has been associated with this disorder. Further in autism, the genetic as well as environmental determinants may escalate susceptibility to oxidative stress. Elevated oxidative stress in ASD give rise to the development of this disorder regarding both clinical manifestations and pathological process. Autism manifests the characteristics like changes in complicated human behaviors which includes social interaction, communication and stereotypies. In addition, children suffering from autism may not be able to cope anxiety and behave unreasonably even to otherwise benign stimulators. It is proposed by growing evidence that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the etiol...
Paving Plant-Food-Derived Bioactives as Effective Therapeutic Agents in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, where social and communication deficits and repetitive behaviors are present. Plant-derived bioactives have shown promising results in the treatment of autism. In this sense, this review is aimed at providing a careful view on the use of plant-derived bioactive molecules for the treatment of autism. Among the plethora of bioactives, curcumin, luteolin, and resveratrol have revealed excellent neuroprotective effects and can be effectively used in the treatment of neuropsychological disorders. However, the number of clinical trials is limited, and none of them have been approved for the treatment of autism or autism-related disorder. Further clinical studies are needed to effectively assess the real potential of such bioactive molecules.
Indian Journal of Animal Research, Volume 57 Issue 12: 1652-1661 (December), 2023
Background: Prenatal exposure to valproate is capable of inducing experimental autism in rat pups. This study aimed to investigate the role of Camellia sinensis green tea extract (GTE) in ameliorating the neurochemical changes induced by autism. Methods: Pregnant rats were treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of sodium valproate (600 mg/kg) on the 12.5 th gestational day. The treatment with GTE (300 mg/kg) orally in autistic rat pups at postnatal day 15 for 20 days. Result: Induction of autism resulted in a significant decrease in the cerebellum and cortical 5-HT, DA, NE, GABA, glycine and taurine and a decrease in brain cholesterol and antioxidants enzymes (GSH, SOD and CAT) at P<0.05. However, it showed a significant increase in MAO, AChE, glutamate, aspartate, serine and lipid peroxidation in addition to elevation in inflammatory biomarkers in brain tissue. Treatment with GTE extract showed significant decrease in AChE and MAO in addition to reduction in the excitatory amino acid GABA in brain tissue which in accordance resulted in marked elevation in cerebellar and cortical monoamine contents. Furthermore, administration of GTE improved the antioxidant defence system in cerebellum and cerebral cortex by activating the level of GSH, SOD and CAT. These results are accompanied by marked reduction in oxidative stress biomarker (NO and MDA) and lowering in the level of TNF-α and IL-6. In conclusion, it could be stated that GTE exerts an ameliorative effect on autistic rat pups possibly due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and could be effective in the management of autism.