A preterm infant with intractable metabolic acidosis: a devastating presentation of Chryseobacterium meningosepticum meningitis (original) (raw)
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Clinical, Hematopathological, and Bacteriological Profiles in Neonatal Septicemia and Meningitis
2017
E-mail: doctor.manmeet@yahoo.com Abstract Background: The most common causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are suspected sepsis and meningitis. The presentation of sepsis includes symptoms and signs that are nonspecific and seen in other conditions as well. Mortality rates of neonates and infants are the most important indices used to assess the health status of a community.
Global Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care, 2019
Background: Sepsis is still a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality especially when caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The causative organisms and their susceptibility to antibiotics vary among units. Empiric antibiotic therapy is based on the likely pathogens and their susceptibility pattern in a NICU. This study aims to identify, in a cohort of neonates diagnosed with Gram-negative sepsis, the bacteriological profile and the antibiotic susceptibilities as well as to evaluate the appropriateness of the empirical antibiotic coverage. Material and methods: In this retrospective observational study, all Gram-negative pathogens isolated in the blood culture of neonates admitted to the neonatal unit in a tertiary referral hospital between January 2011and December 2015 were analyzed. Demographic data, causative organisms, antibiotic susceptibility, empiric therapy and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: Of the 2732 neonates admitted to NICU, 80 infants (2.9%) had a blood culture-proven sepsis with a Gram-negative pathogen. Klebsiella pneumonia was the commonest causative organism. Sensitivity to gentamicin and meropenem were 95% and 99% respectively. Mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity was more prevalent in affected infants. Conclusion: In our unit, neonatal sepsis caused by gram-negative organisms was highly sensitive to aminoglycosides. Almost all cases Gramnegative sepsis were adequately covered by carbapenem.
Iris Publishers LLC, 2018
Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive spore-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterium that produces tissue destructive toxins and it is commonly found in the environment. As a human pathogen, it is known for self-limited acute gastroenteritis after food poisoning. But it is also a rare cause of neonatal sepsis, highly aggressive and often fatal. Herein, we describe a case of Bacillus cereus bacteremia and meningoencephalitis in a 4-day-old female twin-preterm neonate. The neonate in only 12 hours after the initial clinical deterioration developed irreversible brain damage and fell to coma. The infant died on her sixth day of life due to cardiorespiratory deterioration and brain stem, central arrest. This case report aims to highlight the importance of clinical suspicion, early diagnosis and effective treatment.
Neonatal Group A Streptococcus Meningitis. Case Report and Literature Review
SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine
Group A streptococci (GAS) have previously accounted for a large portion of invasive neonatal infections, but differences in the access to medical care and in the antibiotic used over the last half century has significantly reduced such cases. A literature review reveals 17 neonatal GAS meningitis reports with positive CSF cultures since 1967, characterized by high morbidity and mortality. We present a case of a 10-day old well-appearing neonate diagnosed with GAS meningitis, exhibiting an excellent response to antimicrobial therapy. Epidemiological investigation revealed her mother as the likely source of postnatal transmission of GAS with an emm1.0 subtype. GAS meningitis is a rare cause of neonatal meningitis associated with high morbidity and mortality warranting further research assessing potential risk factors, modes of transmission, and therapeutic protocols. Keywords Neonatal meningitis. Neonatal sepsis. Group a streptococci. Streptococcus pyogenes Abbreviations CDC Centers for disease control and prevention CSF Cerebrospinal fluid GAS Group a streptococcus SIADH Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion This article is part of the Topical Collection on Medicine
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria, 2019
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a widespread gram-negative bacillus in the environment, but a rarely reported human pathogen presenting mostly as nosocomial infections. Advances in neonatal intensive care facilities and usage of sophisticated medical devices strengthen the invasive infectious potential of the microorganism. Clinical manifestations usually include primary bacteremia, meningitis, nosocomial pneumoniae, intravascular catheter-related bacteremia and gastrointestinal and biliary tract infections. Lack of improved diagnostic systems in resource constrained settings, might be a cause of underreporting of such infections. Discrimination between colonization and infection is quite difficult, and it has an unusual antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Therefore clinicians should pay special attention to accurate diagnosis in order to prevent mistreatment. Here we report three newborn cases with the diagnosis of E. meningoseptica infection and colopnization, with the aim of drawing attention to the diagnosis and management of this rare but lethal bacteria that is already present in the intensive care unit environment.
Risk Factors and Microbiological Outcome in Neonatal Sepsis
Journal of Biomedical and Allied Research, 2023
Infection is the predominant cause of neonatal deaths universally. Neonatal deaths (30-50%) every year is caused due to sepsis. Due to nosocomial infections and their associated morbidities, cost and mortality, betterment of neonatal outcomes is complicated as hospitals in developing countries are at major risk for the transmission of infection. The present study aimed to analyse sepsis risk factors and microbiological outcome in the NICU and post-natal ward. The study diagnosed the affected neonates as earliest possible so that suitable antibiotic treatment can be done without adding to the burden of antibiotic resistance. In this study, 94% of babies with neonatal sepsis were discharged and 6% of babies succumbed to the illness. Low birth weight between 1500-2500 grams was noted as an important contributing factor to sepsis in babies. PROM was found to be greater than 18 hours in (46%) of cases. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the common pathogen amongst gram negative bacteria in the present study and thus was the common cause of septicemia in neonates, and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus were common bacteria among the gram-positive bacteria. A higher mortality rate in cases of late onset sepsis was observed and was explained probably due to prolonged NICU stay, multiple interventions such as mechanical ventilation, umbilical venous catheterization, and central lines.