Effective isolation of succinic acid from aqueous media with the use of anion exchange resins (original) (raw)
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Studies on Ion Exchange Resins. XIV. Titration, Capacity and Swelling of Methaerylic Acid Resins
The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1955
Titration curves of cross-linked polymethacrylic acid olymers are typical of those of polyacids. The polyacids are apparently weaker than their linear counterparts measure$ a t the same salt concentration, reflecting the high Donnan concentration in the gel. When quaternary ammonium bases are used in place of alkali metal bases, there is a pronounced decrease in the average dissociation constant of the polyacids, which is presumed due to an increased chain potential resulting from the greater distance of closest approach with large gegenions. The swelling of the resins was larger with large gegenions, again indicative of a higher chain potential. Lithium and, to a lesser extent, sodium ions associate with the polyacid, as shown by swelling measurements. The potentiometric titration of weak acid cationexchange resins has been described by several investigators, namely, Gregor and Bregman, Kunin and Berry,6 Hale and Reichenberg,6 and Katchalsky and Michaeli.' Swelling measurements on weak acid polyelectrolytes which have been made insoluble by either chemical cross-linking or by adsorption have been reported by Kuhn,8 Kuhn and H a r g i t a~,~ Gregor'O and others. A recent article by Katchalskyl' presents an excellent review of the literature. This contribution describes the behavior of carboxylic acid cation-exchange resin systems of different degrees of cross-linking when titrated with various bases and a t varying ionic strengths. The pH of the solution phase, the absorptive capacities toward bases and the swelling of the resins were measured. Subsequent papers in this series will take up the selective uptake of one cationic species over another by the same resin systems. Results With nickel and solutions of ethylenediamine in water or methanol, a lavender-colored solution was obtained. Traces of gas formed could be observed, and qualitative tests showed this to be hydrogen. The optimum pH was around 9.0. These are similar to the observations of Ponzio' on dimethylglyoxime solutions. Diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine also gave lavender solutions. I n acid solutions, the ethylene-(4) W. H. Bromley and W. F.
Comparison of chromatographic ion-exchange resins VI. Weak anion-exchange resins
Journal of Chromatography a, 2007
A comparative study on weak anion exchangers was performed to investigate the pH dependence, binding strength, particle size distribution, and static and dynamic capacity of the chromatographic resins. The resins tested included: DEAE Sepharose FF, Poros 50 D, Fractogel EMD DEAE (M), MacroPrep DEAE Support, DEAE Ceramic HyperD 20, and Toyopearl DEAE 650 M. Testing was performed with five different model proteins: Anti-FVII mAb (immunoglobulin G), aprotinin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), Lipolase (Novozymes), and myoglobin. Retention showed an expected increasing trend as a function of pH for proteins with low pI. A decrease in retention was observed for some resins at pH 9 likely due to initiation of deprotonation of the weak anion-exchange ligands. Expected particle size distribution was obtained for all resins compared to previous studies. Binding strength to weak anion-exchange resins as a function of ionic strength depends on the specific protein. Binding and elution at low salt concentration may be performed with Toyopearl DEAE 650 M, while binding and elution at high salt concentration may be performed with MacroPrep DEAE Support. Highest binding capacities were generally obtained with Poros 50 D followed by DEAE Ceramic HyperD 20. A general good agreement was obtained between this study and data obtained by the suppliers. Verification of binding strength trends with model proteins was achieved with human growth hormone (hGH) and a hGH variant on the same resins with different elution salts, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium sulphate, and sodium acetate. Static capacity measurements obtained in the traditional experimental set-up were compared with high-throughput screening (HTS) technique experiments with reasonable agreement. Isotherm data obtained from HTS techniques and pulse experiments were successfully combined with mathematical modelling to simulate, develop and optimise the separation process of two model proteins, Lipolase and BSA. The data presented in this paper may be used for selection of resins for testing in process development.
Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods, 2003
Benzhydrylamine-resin (BHAR), a copolymer of styrene-divinylbenzene containing phenylmethylamine groups, used as solid support for peptide synthesis, was examined regarding physicochemical and anion exchanger chromatographic properties. The greater the ionic strength of the medium the poorer the solvation of beads. This effect is less pronounced the higher the amino group content of BHAR. The BHAR chromatographic behavior was compared with commercial cationic resins in columns of constant cation binding capacity. Three negatively charged heparan sulfate disaccharides were successfully purified in a 2.4 mmol/g BHAR that showed as good or better anion exchange performance than classical tertiary or quaternary amino group-containing resins. The BHAR chromatographic resin exclusion limit was estimated to be 30 kDa based on purification experiments of heparins of different molecular weight. D
New Resins for Ion Exchange Applications and a Process for Their Sustainable Regeneration
Substantia, 2021
The report is concerned with the design and synthesis of a mixed bead resin for high salt level desalination. The resin allows for the simultaneous exchange of both anions and cations, within the same polymer. This improves the efficiency of desalination at seawater levels. A novel process for sustainable and low energy desalination for brackish water has already been achieved via ion exchange resins as explained below. The advance in resin technology improves a novel membrane process with closed–cycle regeneration of the resin. It is a superior alternative to reverse osmosis.
Comparison of chromatographic ion-exchange resins
J Chromatogr a, 2007
A comparative study on weak anion exchangers was performed to investigate the pH dependence, binding strength, particle size distribution, and static and dynamic capacity of the chromatographic resins. The resins tested included: DEAE Sepharose FF, Poros 50 D, Fractogel EMD DEAE (M), MacroPrep DEAE Support, DEAE Ceramic HyperD 20, and Toyopearl DEAE 650 M. Testing was performed with five different model proteins: Anti-FVII mAb (immunoglobulin G), aprotinin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), Lipolase (Novozymes), and myoglobin. Retention showed an expected increasing trend as a function of pH for proteins with low pI. A decrease in retention was observed for some resins at pH 9 likely due to initiation of deprotonation of the weak anion-exchange ligands. Expected particle size distribution was obtained for all resins compared to previous studies. Binding strength to weak anion-exchange resins as a function of ionic strength depends on the specific protein. Binding and elution at low salt concentration may be performed with Toyopearl DEAE 650 M, while binding and elution at high salt concentration may be performed with MacroPrep DEAE Support. Highest binding capacities were generally obtained with Poros 50 D followed by DEAE Ceramic HyperD 20. A general good agreement was obtained between this study and data obtained by the suppliers. Verification of binding strength trends with model proteins was achieved with human growth hormone (hGH) and a hGH variant on the same resins with different elution salts, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium sulphate, and sodium acetate. Static capacity measurements obtained in the traditional experimental set-up were compared with high-throughput screening (HTS) technique experiments with reasonable agreement. Isotherm data obtained from HTS techniques and pulse experiments were successfully combined with mathematical modelling to simulate, develop and optimise the separation process of two model proteins, Lipolase and BSA. The data presented in this paper may be used for selection of resins for testing in process development.
Adsorption Science & Technology, 2019
Two novel weakly basic anion exchange resins BNH and BN2 bearing two different functional groups was fabricated via the two-step amination of chloromethylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene beads with dibutylamine and dimethylamine. The adsorption properties of BNH and BN2 for the 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid (NSA) removal from wastewater were compared with two synthesized monofunctional anion exchange resins BN0 and BN6 (derived from dimethylamine and dibutylamine, respectively). The experimental data revealed that the adsorption process on the four resins fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation and the equilibrium isotherms were in good agreement with the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic analyses illustrated that 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid adsorption onto resins was an endothermic and spontaneous process. Importantly, BN2 still displayed relatively high adsorption capacity in the existence of Na2SO4, indicative of an excellent selectivity for 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid o...
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2019
Wastewaters containing organic compounds such as acids, ketones, phenols, and amines can cause critical environmental problems depending on their concentration and composition. Efficient and low-cost separation of these components may also bring their reuse in industry while cleaning the aqueous streams. Formic acid (FA) is an important raw material in industry and is widely seen in wastewaters. In this study, two different anion exchangers were compared for the separation of FA from aqueous solutions. Effects of process parameters and the mechanism were discussed. Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies were performed, and the data were interpreted using the relevant isotherm and kinetic models. The results showed that Lewatit MP-64 was more efficient than Amberlite IRA-96 in the range of the parameters studied. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained with Lewatit MP-64 (442.75 mg/g) was significantly higher than that were previously reported in the literature for FA separation. The data were well explained by the Langmuir isotherm model. However, relatively high R 2 values were obtained with Temkin and Freundlich isotherms. Therefore, further studies are ongoing to clarify the mechanism.
Sorption studies on ion exchange resins. 1. Sorption of strong acids on weak base resins
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1992
Sorption equilibria and batch dynamics of weak acids (formic acid and monochloroacetic acid) on weak base ion exchange resins, in free base form, are studied. The reversible sorption model based on double layer theory, developed in part 1 of these studies, is extended to take into account undissociated acid species. The model fits the experimental dynamics satisfactorily over the entire range of resin conversion. Values of effective ionic pore diffusion coefficient, regressed from the observed experimental dynamics, have been satisfactorily correlated on the basis of the model. These studies reveal that the contributions of both the ionic and the undissociated molecular species are important in determining the total diffusive flux of the acid in the pores of the resin. .. Cliffs, Nj, 1978. Process Technol. 1981.2, 1. I Wadekar, V. V.; Sharma, M. M. Dissociation extraction. J. Sep.