Latest News on Nanotechnology for Melanoma Therapy and Diagnosis (original) (raw)
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Melanoma treatment: from conventional to nanotechnology
Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2018
Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer causing most of the skin cancer-related deaths. The incidence of melanoma has risen so dramatically over past few years that no other solid or blood malignancy comes close to it in terms of increased incidence. The main problem associated with the treatment of melanoma is low response rate to the existing treatment modalities, which in turn is due to the incomplete response by chemotherapeutic agents and inherent resistance of melanoma cells. Conventional therapeutic strategies, as well as, recent literature on melanoma have been thoroughly studied. This review summarizes the base of anti-melanoma treatment with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, followed by an account of recent studies which explored the potential of nanotechnology and newer strategies and agents in melanoma treatment. Although melanoma is curable if detected in its early localized form, metastatic melanoma continues to be a therapeutic challenge. Metastatic melano...
Engineering nanomedicines for improved melanoma therapy: progress and promises
Once metastatic, melanoma remains one of the most aggressive and morbid malignancies. Moreover, in past decades, the overall survival for advanced unresectable melanoma exhibited a constancy of poor prognosis. Low response rates and serious adverse effects have been characteristic of standard therapy based on a combination of chemotherapeutic agents or immunotherapy with IL-2. For example, the chemotherapy including dacarbazine, carmustin, cisplatin and tamoxifen is known as 'Dartmouth regimen' while the CVD regimen comprises carmustine, vinblastine and dacarbazine. Thus, there is an urgent and critical need to reformulate these bioactive agents using nanoscience and nanotechnology as alternative strategies. This article overviews current design and evaluation of nanomedicine undertaken to address this unmet medical need. The nanomedicines studied include polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, polymersomes, dendrimers, cubosomes, niosomes and nanodiamonds. In this preclinical article, nanotechnology provides hope for effective treatment of this aggressive and largely treatmentresistant disease.
Advances in nanotechnology-related strategies against melanoma
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Nanotherapeutics, 2021
Melanoma is a complex and highly aggressive skin tumor with increasing incidence worldwide. In this chapter, this malignant cancer is addressed, gathering information about epidemiology, mitochondrial role in the disease, clinical presentation, and therapeutic management. In the search for novel and more effective therapies against melanoma, pharmacologically active natural products have been explored, with several drugs reaching the market. In vitro and in vivo studies of natural compounds with potential antimelanoma activity are highlighted. Despite their promising potential, some of them can display unfavorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic features that compromise their clinic translation. Over the last years, there have been advances in nanotechnology applied to cancer treatment that have overcome many of these limitations, providing versatile and effective tools for the successful in vivo delivery of natural molecules, namely lipid-based, polymeric, and metallic nanosystems. These nanocarriers allow not only the modulation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of the compounds, but also the increase of their stability and circulation time, resulting in greater therapeutic efficacy and less toxicity. Overall, this chapter focuses on nanoformulated natural-based compounds as an alternative therapeutic approach against melanoma, describing the most representative works from 2008 to 2020.
NANOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MELANOMA (Atena Editora)
NANOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MELANOMA (Atena Editora), 2021
Skin cancer is the most frequent in Brazil, corresponding to about 30% of all malignant tumors in the country. Melanoma is the rarest but most aggressive skin malignancy, with an estimated 8.4 thousand new cases per year. Nanoparticles have been studied with the aim of increasing the effectiveness and specificity of treatment, with the development of drug delivery systems. The objective of this study is to carry out a literature review on the use of nanotechnologies in the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. The descriptors “Melanoma” and “Nanotechnology” were used, associated by the Boolean operator AND on PubMed database and Google Scholar platform, obtaining approximately 17,931 results, from which 10 papers were selected to compose the review. The main nanosystems applied to the therapy and diagnosis of melanoma are: liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles and metal oxide complexes. It was concluded that the application of nanotechnology in medicine is still in its infancy, constituting an encouraging opportunity for the development of more effective and less aggressive treatments for patients, but with major obstacles to be overcome.
Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Melanoma Antitumoral Therapy: A Review
BioMed Research International, 2015
Melanoma (MEL) is a less common type of skin cancer, but it is more aggressive with a high mortality rate. The World Cancer Research Fund International (GLOBOCAN 2012) estimates that there were 230,000 new cases of MEL in the world in 2012. Conventional MEL treatment includes surgery and chemotherapy, but many of the chemotherapeutic agents used present undesirable properties. Drug delivery systems are an alternative strategy by which to carry antineoplastic agents. Encapsulated drugs are advantageous due to such properties as high stability, better bioavailability, controlled drug release, a long blood circulation time, selective organ or tissue distribution, a lower total required dose, and minimal toxic side effects. This review of scientific research supports applying a nanotechnology-based drug delivery system for MEL therapy.
Nanotechnology Addressing Cutaneous Melanoma: The Italian Landscape
Pharmaceutics
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive solid tumors, with a low survival for the metastatic stage. Currently, clinical melanoma treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Of note, innovative therapeutic regimens concern the administration of multitarget drugs in tandem, in order to improve therapeutic efficacy. However, also, if this drug combination is clinically relevant, the patient’s response is not yet optimal. In this scenario, nanotechnology-based delivery systems can play a crucial role in the clinical treatment of advanced melanoma. In fact, their nano-features enable targeted drug delivery at a cellular level by overcoming biological barriers. Various nanomedicines have been proposed for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, and a relevant number of them are undergoing clinical trials. In Italy, researchers are focusing on the pharmaceutical development of nanoformulations for malignant melanoma therapy. The present...
Nanotechnology for the treatment of melanoma skin cancer
Progress in biomaterials, 2017
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and has very high rates of mortality. An early stage melanoma can be surgically removed, with a survival rate of 99%. This literature review intends to elucidate the possibilities to treat melanoma skin cancer using hybrid nanofibers developed by advanced electrospinning process. In this review we have shown that the enhanced permeability and retention is the basis for using nanotechnology, aiming topical drug delivery. The importance of the detection of skin cancer in the early stages is directly related to non-metastatic effects and survival rates of melanoma cells. Inhibitors of protein kinase are already available in the market for melanoma treatment and are approved by the FDA; these agents are cobimetinib, dabrafenib, ipilimumab, nivolumab, trametinib, and vemurafenib. We also report a case study involving two different approaches for targeting melanoma skin cancer therapy, namely, magnetic-based core-shell particles and elec...
Pharmaceutics
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, the incidence and mortality of which are increasing worldwide. Its extensive degree of heterogeneity has limited its response to existing therapies. For many years the therapeutic strategies were limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Fortunately, advances in knowledge have allowed the development of new therapeutic strategies. Despite the undoubted progress, alternative therapies are still under research. In this context, nanotechnology is also positioned as a strong and promising tool to develop nanosystems that act as drug carriers and/or light absorbents to potentially improve photothermal and photodynamic therapies outcomes. This review describes the latest advances in nanotechnology field in the treatment of melanoma from 2011 to 2022. The challenges in the translation of nanotechnology-based therapies to clinical applications are also discussed. To sum up, great progress has been made in the field of nanotechno...
The scope of nanoparticle therapies for future metastatic melanoma treatment
The Lancet Oncology, 2014
Metastatic melanoma is a highly aggressive malignancy that has traditionally been very diffi cult to treat. However, after decades of basic research into the signal transduction pathways that promote cancer cell survival, chemoresistance, growth, and crosstalk with the immune system, targeted therapies have now been developed that off er improved survival for patients with metastatic melanoma. Some of the most promising therapies that have been developed include ipilimumab, an anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 antibody that enhances T-cell activity in the tumour, and selective BRAF inhibitors, such as vemurafenib that blocks tumour cell proliferation in patients with activating BRAF mutations. Although these treatments off er substantial hope for patients, they are not without their drawbacks, which include adverse side-eff ects, drug resistance, and eventual relapse. Nanotherapeutics holds signifi cant promise to circumvent these shortcomings and has the additional advantage of potentially functioning as a diagnostic device. We will discuss the scope of the use of such multimodal nanoparticles for melanoma treatment and ask whether such particles can off er patients with metastatic melanoma improved prognoses for the future.
Nanomedicine to modulate immunotherapy in cutaneous melanoma (Review)
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2021
Cancer immunotherapy has shifted the paradigm in cancer treatment in recent years. Immune checkpoint blockage (ICB), the active cancer vaccination and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for T-cell-based adoptive cell transfer represent the main developments, achieving a surprising increased survival in patients included in clinical trials. In spite of these results, the current state-of-the-art immunotherapy has its limitations in efficacy. The existence of an interdisciplinary interface involving current knowledge in biology, immunology, bioengineering and materials science represents important progress in increasing the effectiveness of immunotherapy in cancer. Cutaneous melanoma remains a difficult cancer to treat, in which immunotherapy is a major therapeutic option. In fact, enhancing immunotherapy is possible using sophisticated biomedical nanotechnology platforms of organic or inorganic materials or engineering various immune cells to enhance the immune system. In addition, biol...