Characterisation of Aliphatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Tobacco Smokes (original) (raw)
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Sains Peternakan
Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Kecamatan Amarasi Kabupaten Kupang untuk mendapatkan asap cair tempurung kelapa, Laboratorium Institut Pertanian Bogor menguji kandungan benzo[a]pirene dan total bakteri pada daging, Laboratorium riset terpadu Undana melakukan destilasi asap cair dan mendapatkan nilai organoleptik dan Laboratorium Politeknik Pertanian Kupang menguji kualitas kimia daging se'i sapi Bali. Penelitian ini di lakukan selama 2 bulan yaitu tanggal 26 April sampai 26 Juni 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan benzo[a]pirene terendah dalam asap cair tempurung kelapa dengan melakukan beberapa proses destilasi untuk diaplikasikan ke daging se'i sapi Bali. Materi yang digunakan adalah tempurung kelapa sebanyak 20 kg, daging sapi segar sebanyak 5 kg yang diambil pada bagian otot. Rancangan dasar yang digunakan adalah, rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan sehingga diperoleh 18 unit percobaan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis non parametrik tes Kruskall Wallis dan analisis dengan metode Analisis of Variance (ANOVA). Apabila terdapat perbedaan antar perlakuan maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukan: total bakteri yang terdapat dalam daging se'i tidak berbeda nyata P≤0,05 dari perlakuan yang menggunakan asap cair terhadap daging se'i tradisional P0. 6,6x106 P1. 6,2x106 P2. 5,4x106 P3. 1,7x106 P4. 4,46x103 P5. 3,0x103 sedangkan pada kualitas kimia daging se'i sapi Bali berpengaruh sangat nyata P≤0,01 dari setiap perlakuan. simpulan pada penelitian adalah: semakin banyak presentase asap cair maka jumlah bakteri pada se'i sapi semakin berkurang dan rataan kualitas kimia daging se'i sapi Bali akan semakin meningkat. April 26 until June 26, 2016. This study aims to determine the content benzo [a]pirene. lowest in liquid smoke coconut shell by doing some distillation processes to be applied to the meat of cattle se'i Bali. The material used is coconut shell as much as 20 kg, 5 kg of fresh beef taken on the part of the muscle. The basic design is used, a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 repetitions so obtained 18 experimental units. Data was analyzed using non-parametric analysis of Kruskal Wallis test and analysis methods Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If there are differences among the treatments then continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed: Total Bacteria contained in meat P≤0,05 se'i not significantly different from the treatment of liquid smoke to the meat using traditional se 'i P0. 6,6x106 P1. 6,2x106 P2. 5,4x106 P3. 1,7x106 P4. 4,46x103 P5. 3,0x103 while the chemical quality beef cattle se'i P≤0,01 Bali very significant effect of each treatment. conclusion on the research is: the more the percentage of liquid smoke, the number of bacteria in the cow se'i diminishing and the average chemical quality beef cattle se'i Bali will increase.
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Bioprospecting eksudat gum di Indonesia masih jarang dilakukan. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini berfokus pada pencarian potensi senyawa kimia gum Acacia decurrens dan potensi bioaktivitasnya. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara bertingkat dengan teknik refluks. Pelarut yang digunakan yaitu n-heksana, etanol, dan air. Identifikasi kandungan senyawa kimia dianalisis dengan Kromatografi Gas - Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS). Besaran rendemen ekstrak gum Acacia decurrens, kadar fenolik total (TPC), kadar flavonoid total (TFC), kadar flavanol total (TVC) dianalisis secara kuantitatif. Bioaktivitas berupa aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis dengan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhydrazil (DPPH) dan kadar sitotoksisitas dianalisis dengan metode uji kematian larva udang (UKLU). Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan pada fraksi n-heksana terdapat senyawa dari kelompok alkana, alkena, aldehida, ester, dan aromatis. Pada fraksi etanol terdapat senyawa dari kelompok monosakarida dan lemak. Pada fraksi air terdapat senyawa dari k...
Jurnal Ecolab, 2020
Budidaya tanaman padi memegang peranan penting dalam peningkatkan produksi pangan di Indonesia dan pembentukan emisi CH4 dari lahan sawah. Pemberian bahan organik ke dalam tanah berfungsi untuk memperbaiki kualitas tanah dan meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman, disisi lain dapat menyebabkan emisi gas rumah kaca. Besaran emisi CH4 akibat pemberian bahan organik tergantung pada kandungan C organik dan tingkat dekomposisinya. Pemilihan bahan organik yang tepat perlu dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi emisi CH4 tanpa mengabaikan produktivitas tanah dan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan bahan organik yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas sekaligus menekan emisi CH4 dari budidaya tanaman padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2016-Januari 2017 di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, yang merupakan salah satu daerah tadah hujan di Kabupaten Pati, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian disusun secara acak kelompok de...
Human health hazards of poly aromatic hydrocarbons in Nigerian smokeless tobacco
Toxicology Reports, 2015
Recently we investigated the heavy metal hazards of Nigerian smokeless tobacco products 'STP'. Since 'STPs' are advocated as safer alternatives to cigarets, the public health implication should be ascertained. This is a risk assessment of poly aromatic hydrocarbons 'PAHs' in 'STPs' used in Nigeria. Thirty 'STPs' from different parts (South East, South West, Niger Delta and North Central) of Nigeria were studied. The 15 PAHs were assayed using gas chromatographic system (6890 series and 6890 plus) equipped with a quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (Agilent 5975 MSD) after ultrasonic extraction of the 'STPs' and clean up of the extract. Toxicity equivalent of benzo[a]pyrene concentration(g/kg) in 'STPs'were determined. The daily exposure and the cancer risk associated with exposure to STP were calculated. Sample A1 (south east) had the highest concentration of PAH 225.84 g/kg, while sampleA3 (North central) had the least PAH concentration of 1.09 g/kg. 'STPs' from South East showed highest levels of PAHs. The total B[a]P TEQ of the 'STPs' from the South East ranged from 0.24 to 29.23, South West ranged from 0.94 to 14.55, Niger Delta ranged from 2.28 to 22.88, and North Central ranged from 0.11 to 9.47. The calculated risk estimates for 'STPs' from the South East ranged from 5.
Irak-Duhok'ta Petrol İstasyonların Çalışan İşçilerinin Mikronükleus Frekansı Üzerine Benzenin Etkisi
Online türk sağlık bilimleri dergisi, 2020
Benzen başlıca organik ürünlerden biridir, bu organik ürüne kronik maruz kalan insanlar çeşitli sağlık sorunlarına maruz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Duhok eyaletindeki benzin istasyonu çalışanları arasında mesleki benzene maruz kalma ile ilişkili mikronükleus sıklığını değerlendirmektir. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma gruplarına mesleki olarak maruz kalan 25 benzin istasyonu çalışanı dahil edildi ve aynı sayıda yaş olarak eşleştirilmiş kontrol alındı ve genetik hasar açısından değerlendirildi. Pul pul dökülmüş Buccal hücreleri her iki gruptan steril fırça kullanılarak toplandı. Etanol içinde sabitlenen ve Giemsa boyası ve 1000 hücre ile boyanmış lamlar bir ışık mikroskobu altında incelenmiştir. Student t-testi ve P <0,05 ile yapılan veri yorumlaması için istatistiksel analiz istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Bu çalışmada sigara ve alkol öyküsü olan hem kontrol hem de çalışanlar çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. Bulgular: Kontrol deneklerine kıyasla benzene maruz kalan işçilerde anlamlı düzeyde yüksek mikronükleus frekansı bulundu (sırasıyla 4,65 ± 2 ve 1,22 ± 7). Maruz kalma süresi mikronükleus frekansı üzerinde de anlamlı etkiler gösterirken (P <0,05), yaşın etkisi anlamlı değildi (P> 0,05). Sonuçlar: Çalışmamızın sonuçları, benzenin maruz kalan deneklerde mikronükleus sıklığını arttırma potansiyeline sahip olduğu sonucuna varmıştır.
2013
Pada umumnya angkak merupakan produk fermentasi beras, tetapi angkak juga dapat diproduksi dengan menggunakan biji durian sebagai substrat. Monascus sp. memproduksi sejumlah metabolit sekunder antara lain pigmen kuning (monascin dan ankaflavin), asam dimerumat, dihidromonakolin-MV, dan isoflavon yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan pada ekstrak angkak biji durian dengan pelarut air pada proporsi dan suhu air yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan proporsi dan suhu air terhadap aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak angkak biji durian dengan metode DPPH dan phosphomolybdenum. Angkak biji durian diproduksi melalui tahapan sortasi, perebusan dengan larutan Ca(OH)2, pencucian, pengupasan, pemotongan dadu kecil, sterilisasi, inokulasi dengan Monascus sp. KJR2, fermentasi selama 14 hari, dan pengeringan. Angkak dihancurkan dan diekstrak dengan air pada proporsi air (1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50 b/v) serta suhu air (30oC,...
Tıbbi Aromatik Bitki Ekstraktının Ahşabın Anatomik Yapısına Etkileri
Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi
In Since the beginning of history, the global world structure and medicinal aromatic plants in our country have been used in very rich areas (medical, cosmetic, food, spice, agriculture, animal husbandry, spice, paint industry, etc.). New human / environment friendly wood protective materials are being developed, thus efforts are made to create an antioxidant / antibacterial product structure in various areas such as hygienic furniture structure, children's toys, hospitals, etc. It has been reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) that the number of herbs used as medicinal and spice in the world is around 20,000. Preparing extracts from plants and using them as medicine, in China in BC. It dates back to 2700 BC. Rapid depletion of forest resources and exposure to synthetic / chemical effects in the environment in which human beings have lived pose serious threats. The anatomical properties of this material, which was aimed to create a much more organic structure by obtain...
2009
Chairman: Associate Professor Mohamad Pauzi B Zakaria, PhD Faculty: Environmental Studies Distribution and sources of perylene have not been thoroughly investigated and are therefore not well understood in the tropical environment. This study focusses on the distribution pattern and source identification of aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons particularly perylene. Surface sediments, suspended particulate matter, sediment core samples, different compartments of termite nests (Macrotermes gilvus) and the surrounding soils and plants were collected from the Klang River, Langat River, Chini Lake and in the campus of Universiti Putra Malaysia, respectively. Alkanes and perylene concentrations were significantly different in new and old fungus combs particularly in large termite nests. There are also significant differences between alkyl-C, neutral carbohydrate, aromatic rings of lignin and chitin concentrations in new and old fungus combs. The levels of nC 31 / (nC 27 +nC 29 +nC 31 ) ratios revealed that new and old fungus combs may receive more contribution from grass waxes relative to tree and shrub waxes. Termites M. gilvus and woody plants are sources of perylene in the tropical environment. The distribution patterns of n-alkanes and PAHs suggest that the upstream stretch of the Langat River receives greater inputs of these compounds when compared to iv the downstream stretches. This may be due to the fact that industrial areas are concentrated in Kajang and Bangi towns. Lower and medium molecular weight PAHs and n-alkanes were dominant in suspended particulate matter, whereas higher molecular weight PAHs and nalkanes were dominant in surface sediments. Results of diagnostic ratios indicate mixed petrogenic and pyrogenic sources with predominance of pyrogenic inputs for 18 PAHs and perylene in Langat River sediments. The data collected from Klang River sediments show that petrogenic inputs were predominant at all of the stations investigated. In Lake Chini sediment core samples, perylene concentrations were high in the top layers (0-12cm) and increased with increasing depths. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) tests revealed that there were significant differences (p<0.05 at the 95% confidence level) in TOC-normalized perylene concentrations between the top layers and the bottom layers of the sediment core samples. This can be attributed to different sources of perylene. The results of analysis of critical ratios of perylene, such as perylene/total PAHs, perylene/panta-aromatic isomers of perylene and pyrene/perylene indicate biological sources in the top layers and in situ formation of perylene in the bottom layers. These results are consistent with the results for n-alkane concentrations and suggest that Lake Chini sediments are highly affected by terrestrial vascular plants. Source identification of metals exhibits the predominance of natural inputs for Cu and Zn in the top layers and anthropogenic inputs for Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the bottom layers of the Lake Chini sediment profiles. Results of correlation analysis among the metals and between each metal and ∑19PAHs, perylene and perylene/TOC indicate significant positive correlations between PAHs and Cu concentrations (r = 0.79, p = 0.002), Zn concentrations v (r = 0.73; p = 0.007) and
2017
TEZ12929Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2017.Kaynakça (s. 229-269) var.XXIII, 271 s. :_res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ;_29 cm.Bu çalışmada, Türkiyenin önemli yağlık zeytin çeşitlerinden olan Nizip Yağlık (Nizip-Gaziantep) çeşidinden farklı olgunluk aşamalarında (yaklaşık 2.5, 3.5 ve 4.5 olgunluk indeks değerlerinde) zeytinyağları elde edilip analizlerde kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, farklı olgunluk evrelerinde toplanan zeytinlerden elde edilen zeytinyağları, duyusal olarak değerlendirilmiş ve olgunluk aşamasının zeytinyağlarında aroma, fenol bileşikleri ve bazı genel kimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, farklı olgunluk aşamalarında toplanan zeytinlerden elde edilen zeytinyağlarını karakterize eden aroma-aktif bileşikler, oldukça hassas bir teknik olan GC-MS-Olfaktometri (GC-MS-O) ile ilk kez belirlenmiş ve olgunluk aşamaları arasındaki farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. Ardından, duyusal analiz sonuçları açısından öne çıkan yağ örneği (3.5 olgunluk indeksi), ...
Journal of analytical toxicology, 2021
Midwakh, originated in the Middle East, has started to spread globally with different brands commercialized online and in local stores across Europe and USA. Dokha is the tobacco used in Midwakh. To this day risk of Midwakh smoking is poorly understood. Three different types of dokha were evaluated in this study classified as cold, medium and hot using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The concentrations of nicotine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in raw and smoke dokha samples were measured and the results were compared to data in the literature on different types of tobacco products. PAH concentrations were used to estimate the Toxic equivalency quotient, daily exposures, incremental lifetime cancer risk, and hazard quotient. The level of nicotine in raw dokha exceeded by far the levels reported in cigarettes, cigar, waterpipe, and chewing tobacco. Although only a portion of the nicotine is released into the smoke, the amount of nicotine in dokha smoke exce...