The influence of recycling non-condensable gases in the fractional catalytic pyrolysis of biomass (original) (raw)
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음폐수 이용 혐기성 소화의 내부 pH 조절에 따른 바이오가스 전환율 비교 및 미생물 군집도 분석
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 2013
In this study, the performance and microbial community of anaerobic digestion fed by food waste leachate at low organic loading rate were investigated with and without internal pH control. Experimental results show that similar biogas yield was achieved in both reactors regardless of increase in pH, the concentrations of free ammonia and volatile fatty acids in case of without internal pH controlled one. The results of a methanogenic community analysis by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis revealed that the apparent preponderance of Methanosarcina sp. could be one of reasons for the maintenance of reactor stability.
Resources Recycling, 2017
In order to efficiently recycle waste industrial nickel-cadmium batteries, anodic and cathodic materials were crushed by a cut mill and classified by sieves. We used wet magnetic separation method for eliminating iron components from the crushed powders. In addition, the acid leaching test for the obtained anode and cathode powders was carried out under various conditions by means of the wet process. At the optimum leaching conditions with 2.0 M H 2 SO 4 at 90?, 15 wt H 2 O 2 and L/S=20 for 3 hours, the leaching efficiency of nickel and cadmium was 99%, respectively.
Comparing Thermal and Chemical Decomposition of Up-Cycled Ammonium Paratungstate(APT)
Korean Journal of Materials Research, 2015
The possibility of using the chemical precipitation method of up-cycled ammonium paratungstate (APT) was studied and compared with the thermal decomposition method. WO 3 particles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method using a 1: 2 weight ratio of APT: Di-water. For thermal decomposition, APT powder was heated for 4h at 600 o C in air atmosphere. The reaction products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), particle size analyzer (PSA), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the upcycled APT allowed for the identification of the sequence of decomposition and reduction reactions that occurred during the heat treatment. TGA data indicated a total weight loss of 10.78 % with the reactions completed in 658 o C. The XRD results showed that APT completely decomposed to WO 3 by thermal decomposition and chemical precipitation. The particle size of the synthesized WO 3 powders by thermal decomposition with 2 h of planetary milling was around 2 µm. During the chemical precipitation process, the particle size of the synthesized WO 3 powders showed a round-shape with ~0.6 µm size.
Simultaneous Co-preparation of Polyol and MCC by the Liquefaction of a Biomass and Its Optimization
Polymer Korea, 2019
Lignocellulosic liquefaction of biomass (sawdust, larix kaempferi) was performed to prepare polyol and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) simultaneously under various operating conditions such as 105-165 o C of liquefaction temperature, 1-5% of acid catalyst (sulfuric acid), 300-500% of solvent/biomass ratio (SBR). Biomass liquefaction scheme was designed to construct its optimal operating conditions according to central composite design (CCD) composed of 16 runs of experiments using response surface methodology. The optimal condition of liquefaction to prepare simultaneously MCC as well as polyol turned out to be Run 2 out of 16 runs of experiments, in which the liquefaction temperature, the SBR, the concentration of acid catalyst (sulfuric acid) were 165 o C, 300% and 1%, respectively.
Journal of Plant Biotechnology, 2013
In this experiment, we report for the first time mass propagation by in vitro mircrotuberization of Codonopsis lanceolata. We first examined the effect of cytokinins on multiple shoot induction. 2.0 mg•L-1 of kinetin not only gave the highest rate of shoot induction (19.1%) but also the elongation of shoot (17.1 mm). Secondly, we investigated the effect of sugars on in vitro microtuberization from nodal segments. The diameter of tuberous roots was enlarged in the half-strength MS medium supplemented with 145.9 mM sucrose. Histological analysis revealed that the number of parenchymatous cell containing starch grains increased in the tuberous roots. In addition, unlike in non-tuberous root, vascular bundles were scattered inner cortex layer. Thirdly, in order to preserve and stimulate the germination, microtubers were stored at 4℃ refrigerator during 9 months and then transplanted to the artificial soils (vermiculrite : peatmoss = 1:1 v/v), resulting that the rates of survival and germination were 75% and 70%, respectively. These results indicated that mass propagation of C. lanceolata was achieved by in vitro microtuber formation, suggesting that this protocol might be applied for not only the propagation of elite clones but also conservation of C. lanceolata germplasm.
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 2016
The performance of upflow anaerobic bioelectrochemical reactor (UABE), equipped with electrodes (anode and cathode) inside the upflow anaerobic reactor, was compared to that of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for the treatment of acidic distillery wastewater. The UASB was stable in pH, alkalinity and VFAs until the organic loading rate (OLR) of 4.0 g COD/L.d, but it became unstable over 4.0 g COD/L.d. As a response to the abrupt doubling in OLR, the perturbation in the state variables for the UABE was smaller, compared to the UASB, and quickly recovered. The UABE stability was better than the UASB at higher OLR of 4.0-8.0 g COD/L.d, and the UABE showed better performance in specific methane production rate (2,076 mL CH4/L.d), methane content in biogas (66.8%), and COD removal efficiency (82.3%) at 8.0 g COD/L.d than the UASB. The maximum methane yield in UABE was about 407 mL/g CODr at 4.0 g COD/L.d, which was considerably higher than about 282 mL/g CODr in UASB. The rate limiting step for the bioelectrochemical reaction in UABE was the oxidation of organic matter on the anode surface, and the electrode reactions were considerably affected by the pH at 8.0 g COD/L.d of high OLR. The maximum energy efficiency of UABE was 99.5%, at 4.0 g COD/L.d of OLR. The UABE can be an advanced high rate anaerobic process for the treatment of acidic distillery wastewater.
Journal of Agriculture & Life Science
Recently, efforts to utilize new and renewable energy for carbon neutrality were accelerated. In this study, in order to convert kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), one of the biomass crops, into fuel, pellets, which are solid fuels, were prepared by mixing unused wood resources and waste wood resources, and the quality was analyzed. In order to evaluate the quality, the standard of woody pellet, unused woody pellet and Bio-SRF. When compared the characteristics of pellets mixed with waste wood resources and pellets mixed with unused wood resources, it is judged that the mixed of waste wood resources affects nitrogen, ash and calorific value. When the quality standards were implemented based on the modeled pellets, most of the quality standards of wood pellets were satisfied under conditions of bulk 농업생명과학연구 56(3) pp.105-111
Distribution of CO_2CO_2CO_2 produced from fossil fuel by accelerator mass spectrometry: in Daejeon
We have collected a batch of leaf samples at several main crossroads in Daejeon and abackground site to obtain distribution of CO2 (greenhouse gas) due to fossil fuel combustion. The leaf14C values of them were measured using AMS. 14C valuesof downtown sites were found to be lower by 27-102. than that of the background site, and the ratioof CO2 originated from fossil fuel combustion in the atmosphere of Daejeon could be calculated fromthe diferences of 14C values. The average 14was measured to be 35. 8 . , and this value is lower than 66.3. , which have been known as thebackgdound values in USA.
디젤엔진 배출가스 질소산화물 저감을 위한 Solid SCR용 Ammonium Carbonate 중간생성물인 재응고 물질의 분석 연구
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, 2014
Urea solution as a reductant of SCR has been widely used to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engine. But it has lots of problems which are freezing at low temperature due to liquid state, deposition of solid formation in the exhaust, dosing device, and complex package such as mixers for uniform concentration of ammonia. In order to overcome these obstacle, ammonium carbonate which is one of solid ammonium materials to produce ammonia gas directly by sublimation process is considered. Simple reactor with visible widow was designed to predict equilibrium temperature and pressure of ammonium carbonate. To simulate real operation conditions under automobile environment, several cycles of heating and cooling condition were settled, two different re-solidification materials were extracted from the reactor and visible window. Analytical study is performed to characterize these unknown materials by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), FT-IR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and EA(Elemental Analyzer). From analytical results, re-solidification materials from heating and cooling cycles are very similar to original material of ammonium carbonate.