Monitoring of air pollutants using plants and co-located soil—Egypt: characteristics, pollution, and toxicity impact (original) (raw)
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Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2001
ABSTRACT 14 MeV neutron activation analysis was used to determine air polluting elements in samples of mosses, lichens and tree barks, collected from different regions in Morocco. The analysis of spectra shows clearly that the elements Mg, Al, Si, Cl, J, Ca, Ti and Fe can easily be determined by 14 NAA with good precision, while results for Zn, Rb, Sr, Ba and La are less precise. Curves showing correlation between Al and Mg concentrations are given for different sites.
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International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS)
Over the past two decades, the threat of environmental pollution elements has attracted attention as much as the air pollution. Concentrations of many trace elements in the environment have been significantly affected by man's activities. The present study was made to evaluate the potential effects of ambient air pollutants (SO 2 , NO 2 , CO and PM10) on Calotropis procera and soil in Helwan city. The study also aimed to evaluate the damaging effect of human activities on soil and some plants, where samples would have collected from industrials, traffic and domestic sources in Helwan city. Sampling and measurements were based on the environmental protection agency (EPA) and the American Standard test methods (ASTM). Evaluation of air pollutants (SO 2 , NO 2 , CO and PM10) was measured by Miran Gas Analyzer and Thermo Dust Meter. It was found that all metals were belonging to very high contamination category at all sites near the factories except iron. the internal parts of the leaf and shoot in the Calotropis procera are not affected by concentrations of air pollutants found in Helwan industrial area air or even high concentrations in soil
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S = Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna. S
Biomonitoring of multielement atmospheric deposition using terrestrial moss is a well-established technique in Europe. In October 2006 30 moss samples of Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi were collected around the town of Opole, capital of the agricultural Opole Region, situated between two industrial regions of Poland: the Silesia-Krakow region in the east and the Legnica-Glogow Copper Basin in the west. A total of 34 elements including a number of toxic metals and rare earths were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis using epithermal neutrons at the IBR-2 reactor of FLNP JINR. The interpretation of the obtained results points to pronounced contamination of the sampled area with element pollutants such as As, Sb, V, Ni, Mo, etc. at levels similar to those in the neighboring industrial regions. It is an evidence of regional atmospheric transport of pollutants in addition to local pollution sources.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2016
Pollution characterization on atmospheric deposition is assessed through the concentration level of most toxic trace metals (Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and metalloids (As) in moss samples to evaluate air quality of Albania. Moss biomonitoring method (Hypnum cupressiforme and Pseudoschleropodium purum collected from 44 sampling sites), followed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP/AES) and epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA), is used in this study for trace metal analysis. Screening ecological risk of trace metals is performed to atmospheric deposition referred to the methodology given by different authors and by using moss species as bioindicator. Model used for risk assessment was based on contamination factors (CF), pollution loads index (PLI), and the potential ecological index (RI). The CF and PLI values were both indicated a moderate to high pollution scale to the whole territory under investigation. RI values indicate the presence of a high ecological risk and the risk of human exposure to trace metals, particularly in the areas with the highest element concentrations. Box-Cox transformation was applied to the concentration matrix data before Pearson's linear correlation and factor analysis (FA). The most significant factors affecting the association of the elements and their probable sources of origin were extracted from FA. Three dominant factors were extracted that represent the association of Cr, Ni, and Co with mineral particle dust, industrial local emission sources, and the use of pesticides and herbicides in agriculture particularly in the south part of the country.
Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2004
Abstract. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organized a co-ordinated research project (CRP) on "Validation and application of plants as biomonitors of trace element atmospheric pollution analysed by nuclear and related techniques" involving 14 participating countries. The CRP's objective was to identify appropriate bioindicators for local and/or regional application and validate them for general air pollution monitoring. Activities included quantification studies, research into spatial and time resolution for particular organisms, and physiological studies. A number of suitable bioindicators were identified in different parts of the globe and tested during the CRP. Sampling strategies were reviewed and the recommended approach adopted by the group. Appropriate sample preparation procedures were assessed and harmonised to the degree allowed by different geographic and climatic conditions in the participating countries. Two interlaboratory comparison exercises were carried out on lichen and moss materials. Results confirmed definite improvement in analytical performance of the participating laboratories, but also revealed possible inconsistencies due to different sample processing procedures. Several monitoring surveys were carried out and consequently pollution maps drawn for extended areas or countries. Overall results confirmed applicability of lower plants for assessing the degree of atmospheric pollution and provided several countries with effective monitoring tools not used before.
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Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2017
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Biomonitoring of air pollution through trace element analysis
Co-ordinated Research …, 2001
Studies are being carried out to determine the potential and reliability in the use of local lichen species for biomonitoring air pollution in Ghana. The location of most of the gold mines in forest areas of the country presents the gold mining industry as a suitable setting for such investigations. The nuclear-related techniques being used in the multielement analysis of lichen samples and air filter samples are instrumental neutron activation analysis (Miniature Neutron Source Reactor) and energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis (tube-excitation). Validation of the quantitative methods of the INAA through analysis of standard and certified reference materials of orchard leaves NBS SRM 1571 and BCR-CRM No. 279 gave very good results for most elements analyzed. Elemental analysis of identified lichen samples will be done bearing in mind microclimatic factors, specie type and nature of soil.